深諳考點規(guī)律 快速提高考研完形填空

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完型填空題占了很高的分數(shù),可是很多考生卻在該題丟掉很多的分數(shù)。做了那么多的題目,你發(fā)現(xiàn)完形填空題的考點了嗎?
     在發(fā)掘完形填空題的考點規(guī)律之前,考生首先要正確認識以下幾點。
     第一,答題時間可以長達15~18分鐘,考生在訓練時可以控制時間。
     第二,一定要用2~3分鐘的時間進行缺詞的情況下的整體閱讀,弄清楚文章大意和基本脈絡(luò)后再逐個填空。不要只是大致瀏覽,而是一定要理清文章脈絡(luò)。
     第三,細讀首句。完形填空題的首句不設(shè)空,一般是文章的中心句。
     第四,答題時,不要盯著選項看。真正需要考生一一分析選項的考點只有詞匯辨析題。
     實例解讀·
    (2011年全國Ⅰ卷)In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory 1 course about 20years ago.
     The professor 2 the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans(豆), and invited the students to 3 how many beans the jar contained. A fret 4 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the 5 answer, and went on saying, “You have just 6 an important lesson about science. That is: Never 7 your own senses.”
     Twenty years later, the 8 could guess what the professor had in mind. He 9 himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting 10 into an unknowns world invisible(無形的)to the 11 , which can be discovered only through scientific 12 . But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even 13 the invitation. She was just 14 to understand the world .And she 15 that her firsthand experience could be the 16 . The professor, however, said that it was 17 . He was taking away her only 18 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute(替代). “I remember feeling small and 19 .” The woman says, “and I did the only thing I could do. I 20 the course the afternoon, and I haven’t gone near science since.”
     ◆上下文 1.A.a(chǎn)rt B.history C. science D. math
     ■詞匯辨析2.A.searched for B. looked at C. got through D. marched into(步入)
     ◆上下文 3.A.count B. guess C. report D. watch
     ◆上下文 4.A.warning B. giving C. turning away D. listening to
     ▲常識推理5.A.ready B. possible C. correct D. difficult
     ●固定搭配6.A.1earned B. prepared C. taught D. taken
     ◆上下文 7.A.1ose B. trust C. sharpen D. taken
     ◆上下文 8.A.1ecturer B. scientist C. speaker D. woman
     ●固定搭配9.A.described B. respected C. saw D. served
     ■詞匯辨析10.A.voyage B. movement C. change D. rush
     ▲常識推理 11.A. professor B.eye C.knowledge D.light
     ■詞匯辨析12.A.model B.senses C.spirit D.methods
     ◆上下文 13.A.hear B. make C.present D.refuse
     ▼邏輯推理 14.A.suggesting B.beginning C.pretending D.waiting
     ▼邏輯推理 15.A.believed B.doubted C. proved D.explained
     ▼邏輯推理 16.A.growth B.strength C.faith D.truth
     ▼邏輯推理17.A.firm B. interesting C.wrong D.a(chǎn)cceptable
     ■詞匯辨析18.A.task B.tool C.success D.connection
     ▼邏輯推理19.A.cruel B.proud C.frightened D.brave
     ■詞匯辨析20.A.dropped B.started C.passed D.missed
     注:上述每道題的選項前面的考點分類,考生可以在做完題目之后進行整理。
     考點1·上下文聯(lián)系
     從上述例題中可以看出這類考點占的比重非常大,而且相對比較簡單。這類試題的答題必備條件是通讀全文。當然也有一些空是不需要通讀全文,只讀個別句子也能確定答案。
     對策:在通讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上,一一挖掘文章的信息,在關(guān)鍵的信息詞下劃上橫線以備注,這樣考生可以快速獲取信息來選擇正確答案。
     ·需通讀全文·
     第一空:a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory 1 course about 20years ago. 我們需要讀到第二段的You have just 6 an important lesson about science才能獲得有用信息——an important lesson about science。此時考生可以在science下劃線標注。直至通讀全文后,從文章的后一句話——and I haven’t gone near science since(我再也沒有接觸過科學這個課程)可以確定第一小題的答案為C選項。并且第一小題的四個選項中,只有science在文中出現(xiàn)了。
     第七空:You have just 6 an important lesson about science. That is: Never 7 your own senses.你學到關(guān)于科學的一個重要的課程,那就是永遠不要_____你的感覺。我們必須在通讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上,才能知道教授告訴他的學生的道理——不要相信眼睛看到的,不要憑自己的感覺來做科學??芍鸢笧锽選項。
     第八空:Twenty years later, the 8 could guess what the professor had in mind.該小題在通讀文章的過程中可知guess這個動作的發(fā)出者是woman,正確答案為D選項。
     ·只讀前后句·
     第三空:and invited the students to 3 how many beans the jar contained. 本小題可以從A fret 4 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin(聽到眾多錯誤的猜測之后,教授勉強地笑了)一句中得到答案為B選項。
     第四空:A fret 4 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin…,本句可以根據(jù)下文shouts of wildly wrong guesses可知正確選項為D——教授聽到了很多錯誤的猜測。此題也可以歸類為常識題,因為只能是“聽到”聲音。
    第十三空:But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even 13 the invitation.可是當時只有17歲的小女孩沒能接受或者聽到那種所謂的邀請。這里的invitation和第十空后的inviting his students to start…呼應(yīng)。且教授的邀請是口頭說的,作為一個聽眾,只能是聽到教授的邀請。
     考點2·上下文邏輯推理
     邏輯關(guān)系主要包括因果關(guān)系、列舉關(guān)系、解說關(guān)系、分類關(guān)系、比較關(guān)系、對照關(guān)系等。解答邏輯推理題需要理順要填入的邏輯關(guān)系詞前后文的語義,從中判斷兩句話之間的關(guān)系。
     對策:掌握邏輯關(guān)系。在平時復習中,當完成一篇完形填空題之后,考生可以回頭重讀完整的文章,并將連詞以及連詞前后的同等關(guān)系的詞匯、短語等圈畫出來。
     表示列舉的連詞:first,second,third…;firstly,secondly,thirdly…; first,next,then…; in the first place,in the second place…;for one thing,for another thing…;
     表示原因的連詞:because,since,as,now that…
     表示結(jié)果的連詞:so,therefore,thus,accordingly,consequently,as a result
     表示讓步和轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞:however,nevertheless,still,though,yet,in spite of,in any case,whoever,whatever
     表示對照的連詞:on the contrary,in contrast,by contrast,in comparison,by comparison,conversely
     表示補充的連詞:also,further,furthermore,likewise,similarly,moreover,in addition,what’s more,too,either,neither,not…but…,not only…but also…
     表示時間順序的連詞:when,while,as,after,before,since,until,as soon as,once
     表示目的的連詞:that,so that,in order that,for fear that
     表示條件的連詞:if,suppose (that),supposing (that),unless,in case,so (as) long as,so far as
     第十四空:She was just 14 to understand the world .往前讀But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even hear the invitation. 可是當時只有17歲的小女孩沒能接受或者聽到那種所謂的邀請。因為她才剛剛開始去理解和感受這個世界。這句考查的是因果關(guān)系,并且省略了連詞。
     第十五空、第十六空、第十七空:She was just beginning to understand the world .And she 15 that her firsthand experience could be the 16 . The professor, however, said that it was 17 . He was taking away her only 18 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute(替代).這三個空具有非常強的邏輯關(guān)系,根據(jù)文章的主旨大意以及第十八空所在句——教授把她理解世界的的工具(視覺,第一印象)帶走了,又沒有提供可供替代的方式,考生可以知道教授對學生的第一手經(jīng)驗是持否定態(tài)度的,因為否定學生的第一手經(jīng)驗,教授才會帶走這個工具。從第十八空回頭看第十七空——盡管如此,教授說那是錯誤的(教授否定學生的經(jīng)驗,所以才會說那是錯誤的)。再從第十七空回頭看第十六空(轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)——她相信她的第一手經(jīng)驗是可靠的、正確的。第十五空考查的同樣是隱晦的因果關(guān)系——因為這個只有17歲的小女孩才剛剛開始理解和感受這個世界,涉世未深,所以她believe她的第一手經(jīng)驗。這三個空考查了并列關(guān)系(連詞and)、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系(連詞however)、因果關(guān)系(隱晦的)。因此,三個空的答案分別為:15(A),16(D),17(C)。
     第十九空:I remember feeling small and 19 .本句考查的是并列關(guān)系(and),and的前后應(yīng)該填入同樣感情色彩的詞語,small(渺?。┦且粋€貶義詞,選項中只有frightened是表示貶義的。句意是:我深感自己的渺小和恐懼。因此第十九空的答案為C選項。