托福語(yǔ)法技巧:be+不定式

字號(hào):

be+不定式結(jié)構(gòu),如 I am to go,是很重要的用法。它可以用于以下幾個(gè)方面:
    1 傳達(dá)命令或指示:   No one is to leave this building without the permission of the police.
    未經(jīng)警方人員的允許,任何人不得擅自離開(kāi)這所房子。(沒(méi)有人能離開(kāi))
    He is to stay here till we return.
    在我們回來(lái)之前他必須呆在這里。(他必須留下)
    給出指示的這種語(yǔ)氣比較超然,因而主要用于第三人稱(chēng)。與第二人稱(chēng)you連用時(shí),它常常暗示說(shuō)話人把別人所發(fā)出的指示傳達(dá)給對(duì)方。請(qǐng)看以下兩個(gè)句子:
    (a) Stay here, Tom.
    留在這里,湯姆??荚嚧笳搲?BR>    (b)You are to stay here, Tom.  湯姆,要你留在這里。
    它們之間的區(qū)別在于:(a)句中是說(shuō)話人要湯姆留在這里,而在(b)句中他只是把另一個(gè)人的要求轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)給湯姆。
    在間接引語(yǔ)中自然就沒(méi)有這種區(qū)別。be+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)是可以用來(lái)表達(dá)間接命令的一種形式,尤其是在引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)的情況下:
    He says,‘Wait till I come.’
    他說(shuō):“等到我來(lái)為止?!毕喈?dāng)于   He says that we are to wait till he comes.
    他說(shuō)我們得等到他來(lái)為止。   祈使句前面有一個(gè)從句時(shí),也可以用這種形式:
    He said,‘If I fall asleep at the wheel wake me up.’
    他說(shuō),“如果我開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)打瞌睡,就把我叫醒。”
    He said that if he fell asleep at the wheel she was to wake him up.
    他說(shuō),如果他在開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)打瞌睡,她必須把他叫醒。
    這種形式還用來(lái)把征詢指示的請(qǐng)求變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ):
    ‘Where shall I put it,sir?’he asked.
    “先生,我把它放在什么地方?”他問(wèn)道。相當(dāng)于:
    He asked where he was to put it.
    他問(wèn)他該把它放在哪里。(參見(jiàn)第318節(jié)B。)
    2 表達(dá)一種計(jì)劃安排:
    She is to be married next month.
    她預(yù)定在下個(gè)月結(jié)婚。
    The expedition is to start in a week’s time.
    探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)預(yù)定在一周后出發(fā)。
    這種結(jié)構(gòu)常用于新聞報(bào)導(dǎo):
    The Prime Minister is to make a statement tomorrow.
    首相將在明天發(fā)表聲明。
    在新聞標(biāo)題中,be常被省略:
    Prime Minister to make statement tomorrow.
    (譯文同上。)
    過(guò)去時(shí):
    He was to go.
    當(dāng)時(shí)他是預(yù)定去的。(不定式的一般式)
    He was to have gone.
    他本來(lái)是預(yù)定要去。(不定式的完成式)
    第一句并沒(méi)有告訴我們計(jì)劃是否執(zhí)行了,第二句則用來(lái)表示一個(gè)未實(shí)現(xiàn)的計(jì)劃。又如:
    The Lord Mayor was to have laid the foundation stone but he was taken ill last night so the Lady Mayoress is doing it instead.
    市長(zhǎng)大人原訂要來(lái)行奠基禮,可他昨天晚間病了,所以市長(zhǎng)夫人替他代行。
    was/were+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可用來(lái)表達(dá)一種“命運(yùn)”的意念:
    He received a blow on the head. It didn’t worry him at the time but it was to be very troublesome later.
    他的頭上挨了一下子。他當(dāng)時(shí)不感到怎么樣,但是這事后來(lái)竟變得很麻煩。(結(jié)果是很/證明麻煩的)
    They said goodbye,little knowing that they were never to meet again.他們相互道別,根本沒(méi)有想到竟再也不能相見(jiàn)了。(命運(yùn)注定不再相見(jiàn))
    be about+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作:
    They are about to start.
    他們就要出發(fā)了。(他們正準(zhǔn)備開(kāi)門(mén)。)
    加上副詞just能使將來(lái)更加具有即時(shí)感:
    They are just about to leave.
    他們馬上就要離開(kāi)了。www.Examda.CoM
    這個(gè)句式同樣也可以用于過(guò)去時(shí):
    He was just about to dive when he saw the shark.
    他當(dāng)時(shí)正待扎進(jìn)水里,卻看到了鯊魚(yú)。
    be on the point of+動(dòng)名詞與 be about+不定式意思相同,但比后者動(dòng)作還要快一點(diǎn)。(Examda)