這篇關(guān)于2012年下半年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)題解析，是特地為大家整理的，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助！
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member” were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy.
By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women’s magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness!” If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events.
But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, many—like the death of a loved one—are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription (處方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.
The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we’re all vulnerable (脆弱的) and passive in the face of adversity (逆境). But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and metal strain.
21. The result of Holmes-Rahe’s medical research tells us ________.
A) the way you handle major events may cause stress
B) what should be done to avoid stress
C) what kind of event would cause stress
D) how to cope with sudden changes in life(C)
22. The studies on stress in the early 1970’s led to ________.
A) widespread concern over its harmful effects
B) great panic over the mental disorder it could cause
C) an intensive research into stress-related illnesses
D) popular avoidance of stressful jobs(A)
23. The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows ________.
A) how much pressure you are under
B) how positive events can change your life
C) how stressful a major event can be
D) how you can deal with life-changing events(A)
24. Why is “such simplistic advice” (Line 1, Para. 3) impossible to follow?
A) No one can stay on the same job for long.
B) No prescription is effective in relieving stress.
C) People have to get married someday.
D) You could be missing opportunities as well.(D)
25. According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become ________.
A) nervous when faced with difficulties
B) physically and mentally strained
C) more capable of coping with adversity
D) indifferent toward what happens to them(C)
這篇材料講了一個(gè)壓力對(duì)人是否有害的問題。文章從六十年代一項(xiàng)有關(guān)壓力的醫(yī)學(xué)研究講起，稱研究的結(jié)果是any major change can be stressful(任何大的變遷都會(huì)引起壓力)。文章隨后對(duì)這個(gè)結(jié)論做了解釋，稱這種大的變遷可以是消極事件，如家人患重病(Negative events like “serious illness of a family member”)，但也可以是積極事件，如結(jié)婚等(positive life-changing events, like marriag)。作者由此分析了這項(xiàng)研究的特點(diǎn)，其所涉及的不是如何應(yīng)對(duì)壓力，而是壓力的多少問題(it only shows how much you have to deal with)。第一段的最后一句具有承上啟下的作用，作者說我們現(xiàn)在知道，處理壓力事件的方式會(huì)極大地影響人的健康程度(the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy)，暗示后文要對(duì)如何應(yīng)對(duì)壓力展開論述。
第二段前兩句講到，七十年代初，類似的研究大量出現(xiàn)，并受到了人們廣泛的關(guān)注。這可以說是促成了“如何應(yīng)對(duì)壓力”這一問題的答案的產(chǎn)生。一家雜志稱 壓力會(huì)引發(fā)疾病，保持身心健康的方法就是避開壓力事件(If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy avoid stressful events)。
這家雜志的兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)在作者看來并不正確，作者在后面的兩段里對(duì)雜志的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了反駁。第三段首先反駁的是“保持身心健康的方法就是避開壓力事件”這 一觀點(diǎn)。首先，許多壓力事件無(wú)法避免，比如所愛之人的去世(like the death of a loved one—are impossible to avoid)。第二，回避壓力事件的確會(huì)消除困擾，但同時(shí)也失去了相應(yīng)的機(jī)會(huì)(staying away from opportunities as well as trouble)。比如，一個(gè)人如果想徹底和壓力絕緣，那他就失去了結(jié)婚、生子、轉(zhuǎn)職、搬遷的機(jī)會(huì)。
最后一段反駁了“壓力會(huì)引發(fā)疾病”的觀點(diǎn)。首先，這一觀點(diǎn)預(yù)設(shè)了一個(gè)前提，即我們?cè)谀婢趁媲岸际遣豢耙粨舻?we’re all vulnerable and passive in the face of adversity)，這就忽視了人類的能動(dòng)性和創(chuàng)造性。事實(shí)上，人們?cè)诔晒?yīng)對(duì)壓力之后，往往會(huì)增強(qiáng)身心的活力(Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before)。第二，長(zhǎng)時(shí)期的一成不變、回避挑戰(zhàn)，也會(huì)使人產(chǎn)生厭倦感，導(dǎo)致身心損傷(can lead to boredom, and physical and metal strain)。
21. C
題目問Holmes-Rahe的醫(yī)學(xué)研究結(jié)果告訴我們什么。
文章對(duì)這一研究的說明是在第一段，本題又是第一題，所以答案應(yīng)該在第一段就可找到。
A，你處理重要事件的方式可能會(huì)引發(fā)壓力。這一選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該與第一段最后一句有關(guān)：And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy，因?yàn)檫@里也出現(xiàn)了“方式”(way)問題。需要注意的是這一句出現(xiàn)了now一詞，表示that引導(dǎo)的觀點(diǎn)是如今的想法，而不是六十年的醫(yī)學(xué)研究的成果。
B，為避免壓力應(yīng)如何去做?？v觀第一段，沒有出現(xiàn)避免壓力的內(nèi)容。
C，何種事件會(huì)引發(fā)壓力。第一段第一句話指出這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果是一張壓力事件的清單，言下之意也就是什么事件會(huì)引發(fā)壓力。那么到底什么樣的事件會(huì)引發(fā)壓力呢?第二句給出答案：any major change can be stressful，任何大的事件。由此可見，該項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果恰好告訴了我們C所說的內(nèi)容。
D，如何應(yīng)對(duì)人生中的劇烈變化。文中說得很清楚：——does not reflect how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with，該研究反映的不是如何應(yīng)對(duì)壓力，而是要應(yīng)對(duì)多少壓力。
22. A
文章提到七十年代的研究是在第二段。第一句指出相似研究廣泛開展。第二句說明了這些研究的影響：millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports，這一句和A的表述基本一致。Millions與widespread對(duì)應(yīng)，worried 和concern對(duì)應(yīng)，不同的是原文沒有說明壓力是否存在有害影響。Harmful effects的著落在后文可以找到：Stress causes illness，壓力會(huì)引發(fā)疾病。這樣的話，A的說法與文章所述完全一致，應(yīng)該選擇A。
B所說的panic(恐慌)與文中的worry(擔(dān)憂)詞意相距較遠(yuǎn);另外，文中mentally healthy是籠統(tǒng)說法，精神疾病不見得就是mental disorder(精神紊亂)。
C說法在文中沒有提到。
第二段最后一句出現(xiàn)了avoid stressful events，但這是雜志的一項(xiàng)建議，該建議是否被人們廣泛采納在文中沒有說明，不能憑空推理。因此D不對(duì)。
23. A
題目問Holmes-Rahe測(cè)試的分?jǐn)?shù)說明什么。
A，你承受了多少壓力。
B，積極事件會(huì)在多大程度上改變你的生活。
C，一個(gè)重要事件可以帶來多大的壓力。
D，你可以如何來應(yīng)對(duì)那些改變生活的事件。
注意第一段When you take theHolmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with這句，這句話意思很容易理解：當(dāng)你參加這項(xiàng)測(cè)試時(shí)，你必須記住，分?jǐn)?shù)并不反映你如何應(yīng)對(duì)壓力，它僅僅顯示出你要應(yīng)對(duì)多少壓力。這句話與題目相關(guān)性 很強(qiáng)，出現(xiàn)了score(分?jǐn)?shù))一詞，可以說是題目的直接答案。A的說法與此一致，應(yīng)該選A;D的說法正好是該句所否定的，直接排除。B提到的積極事件是 作者舉出的一個(gè)例子，用來說明無(wú)論積極事件還是消極事件都會(huì)給人帶來巨大壓力。文章并沒有論述積極事件改變生活的程度。C有一定的迷惑性，原因就是對(duì)原文 中how much的理解容易出現(xiàn)偏差，一不小心就會(huì)理解成“多大”而不是“多少”。文中pressure是不可數(shù)名詞，表示它的多少用how much。之所以不能理解為“多大”，是因?yàn)榈诙浜偷谌湟呀?jīng)說明了測(cè)試的結(jié)果：所有大事件都可以帶來壓力——這實(shí)際上說的就是壓力的多少而不是多大。
24. D
題目問such simplistic advice(如此簡(jiǎn)單的建議)為何不可能采納。
A，沒有人可以在同一份工作上干很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。
B，在緩解壓力的問題上沒有有效的藥方。
C，人們總會(huì)在某一天結(jié)婚。
D，同時(shí)你也會(huì)失去機(jī)會(huì)。
such simplistic advice is impossible to follow是第三段的總起句，起著概括第三段段意的作用。其后的三句話表達(dá)了兩條論據(jù)來支持總起句。第一條是許多壓力事件是根本無(wú)法避免的(如the death of a loved one)。第二條是回避壓力的同時(shí)也錯(cuò)失了機(jī)會(huì)(staying away from opportunities as well as trouble)，第三句話為第二條舉了具體的例子，即一個(gè)害怕壓力的人恐怕就不要結(jié)婚生子、跳槽搬遷了。
A的說法在這二條中沒有提到，可以排除。B考查對(duì)第三句話的理解，C考查對(duì)最后一句的理解，但都是錯(cuò)誤的。D的說法恰好是文中所述的第二個(gè)論據(jù)。
25. C
題目問根據(jù)這篇材料，經(jīng)歷過人生起伏的人們可能會(huì)……
A，面對(duì)困難時(shí)會(huì)感到緊張。
B，精神上、肉體上都會(huì)感到緊張。
C，更能應(yīng)對(duì)困境。
D，對(duì)發(fā)生在身上的事情無(wú)動(dòng)于衷。
最后一題往往考查對(duì)最后一段或者全篇的理解，從題干中的ups and downs來看，因?yàn)榍拔臎]有明確論述過ups and downs，所以本題考查最后一段的可能性大。而觀察四個(gè)題支，其所述內(nèi)容在前面幾段基本沒有提及，由此可以斷定本題答案在最后一段。
最后一段可以找到一句話和題干所述的意義非常接近：Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before。這里的come through periods of stress應(yīng)該等同于experienced ups and downs，而with more physical and mental vigor than they had before則是經(jīng)歷過人生起伏后的結(jié)果，也就是肉體和精神上更具活力。
四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中C的說法與此最為接近。B較有迷惑性，但要注意strained是指緊張的、疲倦的，和文意的“更有活力”恰好相反。
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member” were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy.
By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women’s magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness!” If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events.
But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, many—like the death of a loved one—are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription (處方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.
The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we’re all vulnerable (脆弱的) and passive in the face of adversity (逆境). But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and metal strain.
21. The result of Holmes-Rahe’s medical research tells us ________.
A) the way you handle major events may cause stress
B) what should be done to avoid stress
C) what kind of event would cause stress
D) how to cope with sudden changes in life(C)
22. The studies on stress in the early 1970’s led to ________.
A) widespread concern over its harmful effects
B) great panic over the mental disorder it could cause
C) an intensive research into stress-related illnesses
D) popular avoidance of stressful jobs(A)
23. The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows ________.
A) how much pressure you are under
B) how positive events can change your life
C) how stressful a major event can be
D) how you can deal with life-changing events(A)
24. Why is “such simplistic advice” (Line 1, Para. 3) impossible to follow?
A) No one can stay on the same job for long.
B) No prescription is effective in relieving stress.
C) People have to get married someday.
D) You could be missing opportunities as well.(D)
25. According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become ________.
A) nervous when faced with difficulties
B) physically and mentally strained
C) more capable of coping with adversity
D) indifferent toward what happens to them(C)
這篇材料講了一個(gè)壓力對(duì)人是否有害的問題。文章從六十年代一項(xiàng)有關(guān)壓力的醫(yī)學(xué)研究講起，稱研究的結(jié)果是any major change can be stressful(任何大的變遷都會(huì)引起壓力)。文章隨后對(duì)這個(gè)結(jié)論做了解釋，稱這種大的變遷可以是消極事件，如家人患重病(Negative events like “serious illness of a family member”)，但也可以是積極事件，如結(jié)婚等(positive life-changing events, like marriag)。作者由此分析了這項(xiàng)研究的特點(diǎn)，其所涉及的不是如何應(yīng)對(duì)壓力，而是壓力的多少問題(it only shows how much you have to deal with)。第一段的最后一句具有承上啟下的作用，作者說我們現(xiàn)在知道，處理壓力事件的方式會(huì)極大地影響人的健康程度(the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy)，暗示后文要對(duì)如何應(yīng)對(duì)壓力展開論述。
第二段前兩句講到，七十年代初，類似的研究大量出現(xiàn)，并受到了人們廣泛的關(guān)注。這可以說是促成了“如何應(yīng)對(duì)壓力”這一問題的答案的產(chǎn)生。一家雜志稱 壓力會(huì)引發(fā)疾病，保持身心健康的方法就是避開壓力事件(If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy avoid stressful events)。
這家雜志的兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)在作者看來并不正確，作者在后面的兩段里對(duì)雜志的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了反駁。第三段首先反駁的是“保持身心健康的方法就是避開壓力事件”這 一觀點(diǎn)。首先，許多壓力事件無(wú)法避免，比如所愛之人的去世(like the death of a loved one—are impossible to avoid)。第二，回避壓力事件的確會(huì)消除困擾，但同時(shí)也失去了相應(yīng)的機(jī)會(huì)(staying away from opportunities as well as trouble)。比如，一個(gè)人如果想徹底和壓力絕緣，那他就失去了結(jié)婚、生子、轉(zhuǎn)職、搬遷的機(jī)會(huì)。
最后一段反駁了“壓力會(huì)引發(fā)疾病”的觀點(diǎn)。首先，這一觀點(diǎn)預(yù)設(shè)了一個(gè)前提，即我們?cè)谀婢趁媲岸际遣豢耙粨舻?we’re all vulnerable and passive in the face of adversity)，這就忽視了人類的能動(dòng)性和創(chuàng)造性。事實(shí)上，人們?cè)诔晒?yīng)對(duì)壓力之后，往往會(huì)增強(qiáng)身心的活力(Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before)。第二，長(zhǎng)時(shí)期的一成不變、回避挑戰(zhàn)，也會(huì)使人產(chǎn)生厭倦感，導(dǎo)致身心損傷(can lead to boredom, and physical and metal strain)。
21. C
題目問Holmes-Rahe的醫(yī)學(xué)研究結(jié)果告訴我們什么。
文章對(duì)這一研究的說明是在第一段，本題又是第一題，所以答案應(yīng)該在第一段就可找到。
A，你處理重要事件的方式可能會(huì)引發(fā)壓力。這一選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該與第一段最后一句有關(guān)：And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy，因?yàn)檫@里也出現(xiàn)了“方式”(way)問題。需要注意的是這一句出現(xiàn)了now一詞，表示that引導(dǎo)的觀點(diǎn)是如今的想法，而不是六十年的醫(yī)學(xué)研究的成果。
B，為避免壓力應(yīng)如何去做?？v觀第一段，沒有出現(xiàn)避免壓力的內(nèi)容。
C，何種事件會(huì)引發(fā)壓力。第一段第一句話指出這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果是一張壓力事件的清單，言下之意也就是什么事件會(huì)引發(fā)壓力。那么到底什么樣的事件會(huì)引發(fā)壓力呢?第二句給出答案：any major change can be stressful，任何大的事件。由此可見，該項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果恰好告訴了我們C所說的內(nèi)容。
D，如何應(yīng)對(duì)人生中的劇烈變化。文中說得很清楚：——does not reflect how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with，該研究反映的不是如何應(yīng)對(duì)壓力，而是要應(yīng)對(duì)多少壓力。
22. A
文章提到七十年代的研究是在第二段。第一句指出相似研究廣泛開展。第二句說明了這些研究的影響：millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports，這一句和A的表述基本一致。Millions與widespread對(duì)應(yīng)，worried 和concern對(duì)應(yīng)，不同的是原文沒有說明壓力是否存在有害影響。Harmful effects的著落在后文可以找到：Stress causes illness，壓力會(huì)引發(fā)疾病。這樣的話，A的說法與文章所述完全一致，應(yīng)該選擇A。
B所說的panic(恐慌)與文中的worry(擔(dān)憂)詞意相距較遠(yuǎn);另外，文中mentally healthy是籠統(tǒng)說法，精神疾病不見得就是mental disorder(精神紊亂)。
C說法在文中沒有提到。
第二段最后一句出現(xiàn)了avoid stressful events，但這是雜志的一項(xiàng)建議，該建議是否被人們廣泛采納在文中沒有說明，不能憑空推理。因此D不對(duì)。
23. A
題目問Holmes-Rahe測(cè)試的分?jǐn)?shù)說明什么。
A，你承受了多少壓力。
B，積極事件會(huì)在多大程度上改變你的生活。
C，一個(gè)重要事件可以帶來多大的壓力。
D，你可以如何來應(yīng)對(duì)那些改變生活的事件。
注意第一段When you take theHolmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with這句，這句話意思很容易理解：當(dāng)你參加這項(xiàng)測(cè)試時(shí)，你必須記住，分?jǐn)?shù)并不反映你如何應(yīng)對(duì)壓力，它僅僅顯示出你要應(yīng)對(duì)多少壓力。這句話與題目相關(guān)性 很強(qiáng)，出現(xiàn)了score(分?jǐn)?shù))一詞，可以說是題目的直接答案。A的說法與此一致，應(yīng)該選A;D的說法正好是該句所否定的，直接排除。B提到的積極事件是 作者舉出的一個(gè)例子，用來說明無(wú)論積極事件還是消極事件都會(huì)給人帶來巨大壓力。文章并沒有論述積極事件改變生活的程度。C有一定的迷惑性，原因就是對(duì)原文 中how much的理解容易出現(xiàn)偏差，一不小心就會(huì)理解成“多大”而不是“多少”。文中pressure是不可數(shù)名詞，表示它的多少用how much。之所以不能理解為“多大”，是因?yàn)榈诙浜偷谌湟呀?jīng)說明了測(cè)試的結(jié)果：所有大事件都可以帶來壓力——這實(shí)際上說的就是壓力的多少而不是多大。
24. D
題目問such simplistic advice(如此簡(jiǎn)單的建議)為何不可能采納。
A，沒有人可以在同一份工作上干很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。
B，在緩解壓力的問題上沒有有效的藥方。
C，人們總會(huì)在某一天結(jié)婚。
D，同時(shí)你也會(huì)失去機(jī)會(huì)。
such simplistic advice is impossible to follow是第三段的總起句，起著概括第三段段意的作用。其后的三句話表達(dá)了兩條論據(jù)來支持總起句。第一條是許多壓力事件是根本無(wú)法避免的(如the death of a loved one)。第二條是回避壓力的同時(shí)也錯(cuò)失了機(jī)會(huì)(staying away from opportunities as well as trouble)，第三句話為第二條舉了具體的例子，即一個(gè)害怕壓力的人恐怕就不要結(jié)婚生子、跳槽搬遷了。
A的說法在這二條中沒有提到，可以排除。B考查對(duì)第三句話的理解，C考查對(duì)最后一句的理解，但都是錯(cuò)誤的。D的說法恰好是文中所述的第二個(gè)論據(jù)。
25. C
題目問根據(jù)這篇材料，經(jīng)歷過人生起伏的人們可能會(huì)……
A，面對(duì)困難時(shí)會(huì)感到緊張。
B，精神上、肉體上都會(huì)感到緊張。
C，更能應(yīng)對(duì)困境。
D，對(duì)發(fā)生在身上的事情無(wú)動(dòng)于衷。
最后一題往往考查對(duì)最后一段或者全篇的理解，從題干中的ups and downs來看，因?yàn)榍拔臎]有明確論述過ups and downs，所以本題考查最后一段的可能性大。而觀察四個(gè)題支，其所述內(nèi)容在前面幾段基本沒有提及，由此可以斷定本題答案在最后一段。
最后一段可以找到一句話和題干所述的意義非常接近：Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before。這里的come through periods of stress應(yīng)該等同于experienced ups and downs，而with more physical and mental vigor than they had before則是經(jīng)歷過人生起伏后的結(jié)果，也就是肉體和精神上更具活力。
四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中C的說法與此最為接近。B較有迷惑性，但要注意strained是指緊張的、疲倦的，和文意的“更有活力”恰好相反。