2012年托福語(yǔ)法筆記改錯(cuò)之名詞

字號(hào):

名詞
    一、重要的名詞
    (A)重要的可數(shù)名詞
    discovery, cloud, mineral, metal, material, substance,
    population, effort, effect, animal, plant, mammal,
    insect, tree, herb, shrub, element, function, feature,
    picture, result, clue, star, reason, audience, device,
    structure, human , human being, system, fashion, kind,
    resource, source, origin, pioneer, automobile, purpose,
    style, response, number, amount, variety, quantity, type
    (B)常見(jiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞
    furniture, luggage, clothing, equiment, poetry, jewelry,
    machinery, weaponry, scenery, information, knowledge,
    homework, evidence, folige, advertising, health
    1. 液體不可數(shù)
    2. 自然現(xiàn)象不可數(shù):rain, sunlight,
    but a heavy rain 可以用
    3. 顆粒狀不可數(shù)
    4. 看不見(jiàn)摸不著的不可數(shù)
    證據(jù)不可數(shù),intelligence 不可數(shù), advice 建議皆不可數(shù)
    5. 學(xué)科不可數(shù)
    mathematics, economics, statistics, physics, politics,
    mechanics, genetics, geology, geography, chemistry,
    philosophy, biology, histroy
    6. 疾病不可數(shù): meales, munps(腮腺炎) , diabetes(糖尿病)
    7. 總稱(chēng)不可數(shù)
    (C)常見(jiàn)的不規(guī)則名詞
    *tooth, foot 一定錯(cuò)
    man-men, woman-women, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, goose-geese,
    basis-bases, analysis-analyses, crisis-crises, axis-axes,
    hypothesis-hypotheses, alga-algae, lava-lavar,
    fungus-fungi, stimulus-stimuli, datum-data, medium-media,
    bacterium-bacteria, spectrum-spectra, mouse-mice,
    child-children, phonemenon-phenomena
    (D)常見(jiàn)的單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞
    aircraft, spcecraft 等 craft結(jié)尾的詞
    species, series, means(mean不加s不是名詞)
    sheep, deer, trout, carp, salmon, fish->fishes,fish
    魚(yú)類(lèi)一般單復(fù)同形
    (E)單一復(fù)數(shù)意義有差異的名詞
    sky-skies(氣候) water-waters(水系,永遠(yuǎn)不錯(cuò))
    good-goods(貨物) part-parts(才能)
    custom=customs(風(fēng)俗) spectacle(風(fēng)景)-spectacles(眼睛)
    letter-letters(文字) arm-arms(武器)
    force-forces (武裝力量)
    ??:這些詞加s后是另一個(gè)名詞單數(shù)還是作為復(fù)數(shù)
    (F)即可數(shù)又不可數(shù)的名詞
    不可數(shù) 可數(shù)
    paper 紙 文件
    rock 碎巖 塊巖
    collection 各種收藏品 同一種收藏品
    sugar 砂糖 方糖
    area 面積 地區(qū)
    land 面積 區(qū)域
    work 作品;工作 著作;工廠,工程,工事
    room 空間 房間
    time 時(shí)間 倍數(shù),時(shí)代
    * art, newspaper, food, beverage
    art 泛指藝術(shù) 不可數(shù)
    一種藝術(shù) an art
    各種各樣的藝術(shù) arts
    eighteen pieces of newspapers 十八張報(bào)紙
    eighteen newspapers 十八種報(bào)紙
    此類(lèi):強(qiáng)調(diào)種類(lèi)就屬于可數(shù)