托福考試輔導(dǎo):語法講解(23)

字號:

第二節(jié) 介賓短語
    介詞不能單獨使用,而必須和其他詞連用,這些詞稱作介詞的賓語,它們共同構(gòu)成的介賓短語常在句中作狀語,作名詞的后置定語,有時作某些動詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語
    考點一 名詞作介詞賓語
    大部分介詞的賓語都是由名詞(包括代詞)充當(dāng)?shù)?,如:under the tree, during the day, 這一考點在題中多次出現(xiàn)
    例題:
    (1)
    The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for ----with which to regulate them.
    (A) more accurate than sundials
    (B) more accurate sundials
    (C) sundials more accurately
    (D) more accurately than sundials
    答案:B
    解釋:search for缺少賓語, 只有B是表達(dá)無誤的名詞詞組, 可以作賓語;其他選項的比較形式都有錯。
    (2)
    Different species of octopuses may measure anywhere from two inches to over thirty feet in long.
    應(yīng)改為:in length.
    解釋:long 是形容詞, 不能單獨接在介詞之后, 其名詞形式length與in構(gòu)成介賓短語, 表示長度
    考點二 動名詞作介詞賓語
    名詞作賓語時,之后不能再接賓語,這一缺陷可由動名詞彌補(bǔ)。
    如:before doing the job , after getting back
    改錯題中常把應(yīng)該用動名詞作賓語的地方誤用為名詞或不定式,需留心陷阱
    例題:
    (1)
    The Conestoga wagon, used for to carry heavy loads over long distances, originatedaround 1725 in a region of Pennsylvania occupied by the Conestoga Indians.
    應(yīng)改為:carrying.
    解釋:不定式不能作for的賓語, 改為動名詞即可
    (2)
    Copper sulfate, spread in judicious amounts, kills algae ----harming fish or aquatic invert-ebrates.
    (A) does not
    (B) but does no
    (C) except
    (D) without
    答案:D
    解釋:harming 是動名詞形式, 因此要求前面的詞是介詞或可接動名詞的動詞. A B 可首先排除; C 雖是介詞, 但與句意不符.
    (3) Mary Ann Hardy was known for her skill to paint miniature watercolor portraits on ivory.
    應(yīng)改為:in painting
    解釋:后置定語修飾名詞,什么方面的技能,不能用不定式。