第四節(jié) 助動(dòng)詞
助動(dòng)詞沒有獨(dú)立的語(yǔ)義，主要作用是協(xié)助謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)或構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)式、否定式等
助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的共同特點(diǎn)是需要和其他動(dòng)詞搭配使用才有意義，而且句子的否定式和疑問(wèn)式都可通過(guò)這兩類詞體現(xiàn)
一、have/has (現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)), had (過(guò)去完成時(shí))
這組助動(dòng)詞主要用來(lái)構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)，形式為：have /has /had + 過(guò)去分詞
如：I haven’t seen you for ages.
She had mentioned this before.
二、be
be本身可作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但在進(jìn)行時(shí)中它是助動(dòng)詞，與現(xiàn)在分詞搭配使用，缺一不可
如：She’s watching a football match.
He’s looking for his favorite pet.
此外，be和過(guò)去分詞搭配構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
如：The vicar was killed in a car accident.
三、do/does (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)), did (一般過(guò)去時(shí))
此組助動(dòng)詞用于構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)式或否定式
如：He doesn’t feel like smoking at the moment.
Did you meet the manager this morning?
四、will, shall, would
此組助動(dòng)詞用于構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)
如：He won’t be able to see you until an hour later.
Mary promised she would pay you a visit soon.
例題：
(1)
The colors of a rainbow ---- arranged in the same order.
(A) which are always
(B) and they are always
(C) always
(D) are always
答案：D
解釋：空格前是句子的主語(yǔ)，之后是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，空格處需要補(bǔ)全句子的謂語(yǔ)，A使原句只有從句無(wú)主句；B并列句的前一個(gè)分句無(wú)謂語(yǔ)；arrange與color是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，C是主動(dòng)式，可排除；只有D助動(dòng)詞are恰好與arranged構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)
助動(dòng)詞沒有獨(dú)立的語(yǔ)義，主要作用是協(xié)助謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)或構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)式、否定式等
助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的共同特點(diǎn)是需要和其他動(dòng)詞搭配使用才有意義，而且句子的否定式和疑問(wèn)式都可通過(guò)這兩類詞體現(xiàn)
一、have/has (現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)), had (過(guò)去完成時(shí))
這組助動(dòng)詞主要用來(lái)構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)，形式為：have /has /had + 過(guò)去分詞
如：I haven’t seen you for ages.
She had mentioned this before.
二、be
be本身可作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但在進(jìn)行時(shí)中它是助動(dòng)詞，與現(xiàn)在分詞搭配使用，缺一不可
如：She’s watching a football match.
He’s looking for his favorite pet.
此外，be和過(guò)去分詞搭配構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
如：The vicar was killed in a car accident.
三、do/does (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)), did (一般過(guò)去時(shí))
此組助動(dòng)詞用于構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)式或否定式
如：He doesn’t feel like smoking at the moment.
Did you meet the manager this morning?
四、will, shall, would
此組助動(dòng)詞用于構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)
如：He won’t be able to see you until an hour later.
Mary promised she would pay you a visit soon.
例題：
(1)
The colors of a rainbow ---- arranged in the same order.
(A) which are always
(B) and they are always
(C) always
(D) are always
答案：D
解釋：空格前是句子的主語(yǔ)，之后是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，空格處需要補(bǔ)全句子的謂語(yǔ)，A使原句只有從句無(wú)主句；B并列句的前一個(gè)分句無(wú)謂語(yǔ)；arrange與color是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，C是主動(dòng)式，可排除；只有D助動(dòng)詞are恰好與arranged構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)