考點(diǎn)二 謂語動(dòng)詞
1. 主謂結(jié)構(gòu)十分重要，謂語動(dòng)詞則是要點(diǎn)中的要點(diǎn)，國不可一日無君，句子不可缺少謂語動(dòng)詞。象祈使句可以沒有主語，但卻少不了謂語動(dòng)詞。
2. 一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中可能出現(xiàn)多個(gè)動(dòng)詞形式，卻未必而且往往不都是謂語動(dòng)詞，必須掌握確定謂語動(dòng)詞的方法，才能從容解題。
一般說來能夠決定句子的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣的詞就是謂語動(dòng)詞，如：studies, was known, is reading, has achieved, must be, can make等形式的動(dòng)詞肯定是謂語；單獨(dú)的分詞、不定式都屬于非謂語形式，如：broken, ringing, to look after
例句: Having thought for a while, she decided to forgive the man caught stealing her diamond.
此句中有四個(gè)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)，但只有decided是謂語形式，其他分別為分詞作狀語（having thought）、不定式作賓語(to forgive)、分詞作定語(caught stealing)
3. 謂語專一原則
(1) 簡單句中只允許存在一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞，其余動(dòng)詞必須是非謂語形式，如上面的例句。
英文中切忌：兩個(gè)謂語形式的動(dòng)詞直接連接（尤其是be動(dòng)詞不能和實(shí)意動(dòng)詞連用，is do是絕不可能出現(xiàn)的），或以逗號(hào)連接
(2) 確實(shí)需要多個(gè)謂語時(shí)需用連詞, 或主從句形式加以連接（分號(hào)也可）
如: She looked and smiled.
He will give you some advice; he may even help you do it.
(3) 值得注意的是并列句中的每個(gè)分句及主從句中的每個(gè)簡單句仍需遵循謂語專一原則。
牢記這一原則才可準(zhǔn)確地排除干擾選項(xiàng)，找出句中的致命錯(cuò)誤
例題：
(1)
In a representative democracy, the people election delegates to an assembly.
應(yīng)改為：elect.
解釋：election是名詞, 不能作謂語, 更不能帶賓語delegates, 故改為動(dòng)詞elect.
(2)
Since 1971 the regional corporations set up in Alaska by Congress managing everything from fishing to banking.
應(yīng)改為：have managed.
解釋：分詞managing不能單獨(dú)作謂語, 句首的since提示應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
(3)
The edible tube mushroom ----a cushionlike, moist cap that is light brown or darkish red.
(A) which has
(B) to have
(C) having
(D) has
答案：D
解釋：此句已給出主語和由定語從句修飾的賓語，缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，只有D可單獨(dú)作謂語
1. 主謂結(jié)構(gòu)十分重要，謂語動(dòng)詞則是要點(diǎn)中的要點(diǎn)，國不可一日無君，句子不可缺少謂語動(dòng)詞。象祈使句可以沒有主語，但卻少不了謂語動(dòng)詞。
2. 一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中可能出現(xiàn)多個(gè)動(dòng)詞形式，卻未必而且往往不都是謂語動(dòng)詞，必須掌握確定謂語動(dòng)詞的方法，才能從容解題。
一般說來能夠決定句子的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣的詞就是謂語動(dòng)詞，如：studies, was known, is reading, has achieved, must be, can make等形式的動(dòng)詞肯定是謂語；單獨(dú)的分詞、不定式都屬于非謂語形式，如：broken, ringing, to look after
例句: Having thought for a while, she decided to forgive the man caught stealing her diamond.
此句中有四個(gè)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)，但只有decided是謂語形式，其他分別為分詞作狀語（having thought）、不定式作賓語(to forgive)、分詞作定語(caught stealing)
3. 謂語專一原則
(1) 簡單句中只允許存在一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞，其余動(dòng)詞必須是非謂語形式，如上面的例句。
英文中切忌：兩個(gè)謂語形式的動(dòng)詞直接連接（尤其是be動(dòng)詞不能和實(shí)意動(dòng)詞連用，is do是絕不可能出現(xiàn)的），或以逗號(hào)連接
(2) 確實(shí)需要多個(gè)謂語時(shí)需用連詞, 或主從句形式加以連接（分號(hào)也可）
如: She looked and smiled.
He will give you some advice; he may even help you do it.
(3) 值得注意的是并列句中的每個(gè)分句及主從句中的每個(gè)簡單句仍需遵循謂語專一原則。
牢記這一原則才可準(zhǔn)確地排除干擾選項(xiàng)，找出句中的致命錯(cuò)誤
例題：
(1)
In a representative democracy, the people election delegates to an assembly.
應(yīng)改為：elect.
解釋：election是名詞, 不能作謂語, 更不能帶賓語delegates, 故改為動(dòng)詞elect.
(2)
Since 1971 the regional corporations set up in Alaska by Congress managing everything from fishing to banking.
應(yīng)改為：have managed.
解釋：分詞managing不能單獨(dú)作謂語, 句首的since提示應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
(3)
The edible tube mushroom ----a cushionlike, moist cap that is light brown or darkish red.
(A) which has
(B) to have
(C) having
(D) has
答案：D
解釋：此句已給出主語和由定語從句修飾的賓語，缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，只有D可單獨(dú)作謂語