第二節(jié) 狀語(yǔ)
句子中除了主謂結(jié)構(gòu)外，還可能包含表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式等內(nèi)容的狀語(yǔ)，通常由副詞、介賓短語(yǔ)來(lái)承當(dāng)。
如：At night, I don’t go out very often., 此句中at night, very often都是狀語(yǔ)
介賓短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)是填空題的重要考點(diǎn)，若空格處或空格所在部分之后是完整的主謂句，且兩部分之間多以逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，若選項(xiàng)中無(wú)從句結(jié)構(gòu)或分詞，此時(shí)空格處需填入介賓短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。
例題：
(1)
----irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
(A) Its
(B) Where its
(C) Since its
(D) Because of its
答案：D
解釋：此句主干完整, 主語(yǔ)是the use of phenol as a general antiseptic, 謂語(yǔ)是has been largely discontinued, 逗號(hào)之前應(yīng)是狀語(yǔ). A構(gòu)成名詞短語(yǔ), 與該句主語(yǔ)發(fā)生沖突; B、C欲構(gòu)成從句, 但缺少?gòu)木涞闹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞; D恰好構(gòu)成表示原因的狀語(yǔ), 短語(yǔ)because of 之后常接名詞或動(dòng)名詞表原因, 如: He failed the exam because of his carelessness.
(2)
----a child, sculptor Anne Whitney showed an eager intellect and artistic talent that her parents recognized and encouraged.
(A) Has been
(B) It was while
(C) She was
(D) As
答案：D
解釋：此句主干完整, 主語(yǔ)是sculptor, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是showed, 之后是帶有定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ), 需填入狀語(yǔ). A、B、C 中的has been、was與showed相沖突, 違背謂語(yǔ)原則. 介詞詞組As a child 相當(dāng)于When she was a child.
(3)
.----, snakes frequently subdue their prey without injecting poison.
(A) Contrary to general belief
(B) General belief contrary to
(C) Belief contrary to general
(D) Contrary belief general to
答案：A
解釋：給出部分是完整的句子, 從選項(xiàng)中可見(jiàn)此處缺少狀語(yǔ), be contrary to是固定詞組, 表示“與……相反”, 介詞to后需接賓語(yǔ), 只有A符合上述條件
句子中除了主謂結(jié)構(gòu)外，還可能包含表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式等內(nèi)容的狀語(yǔ)，通常由副詞、介賓短語(yǔ)來(lái)承當(dāng)。
如：At night, I don’t go out very often., 此句中at night, very often都是狀語(yǔ)
介賓短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)是填空題的重要考點(diǎn)，若空格處或空格所在部分之后是完整的主謂句，且兩部分之間多以逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，若選項(xiàng)中無(wú)從句結(jié)構(gòu)或分詞，此時(shí)空格處需填入介賓短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。
例題：
(1)
----irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
(A) Its
(B) Where its
(C) Since its
(D) Because of its
答案：D
解釋：此句主干完整, 主語(yǔ)是the use of phenol as a general antiseptic, 謂語(yǔ)是has been largely discontinued, 逗號(hào)之前應(yīng)是狀語(yǔ). A構(gòu)成名詞短語(yǔ), 與該句主語(yǔ)發(fā)生沖突; B、C欲構(gòu)成從句, 但缺少?gòu)木涞闹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞; D恰好構(gòu)成表示原因的狀語(yǔ), 短語(yǔ)because of 之后常接名詞或動(dòng)名詞表原因, 如: He failed the exam because of his carelessness.
(2)
----a child, sculptor Anne Whitney showed an eager intellect and artistic talent that her parents recognized and encouraged.
(A) Has been
(B) It was while
(C) She was
(D) As
答案：D
解釋：此句主干完整, 主語(yǔ)是sculptor, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是showed, 之后是帶有定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ), 需填入狀語(yǔ). A、B、C 中的has been、was與showed相沖突, 違背謂語(yǔ)原則. 介詞詞組As a child 相當(dāng)于When she was a child.
(3)
.----, snakes frequently subdue their prey without injecting poison.
(A) Contrary to general belief
(B) General belief contrary to
(C) Belief contrary to general
(D) Contrary belief general to
答案：A
解釋：給出部分是完整的句子, 從選項(xiàng)中可見(jiàn)此處缺少狀語(yǔ), be contrary to是固定詞組, 表示“與……相反”, 介詞to后需接賓語(yǔ), 只有A符合上述條件