大學(xué)英語四級考試全真預(yù)測試卷 Model Test Two
Part I Writing(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Smoking Be Completely Banned. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 有人贊同完全禁止吸煙，理由是„„
2. 有人不贊同完全禁止吸煙，理由是„„
3. 我的看法。
Should Smoking Be Completely Banned
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quicklyand answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked ［A］,［B］,［C］and ［D］. For questions 8-10,completethe sentences with the information given in the passage.
Space Our Future in Space: It Has Already Begun!
We are all space travelers. But we’ve stayed close to home until now. One day,we may leave our “mother ship”Earth to make our home among the stars.
A giant, spherical “spaceship”, about 8,000 miles in diameter, is speedingthrough the solar system right now. It is cruising at an incredible 66,600 milesper hour.
It’s not a giant, Star Wars mother ship. It’s spaceship Earth, the home ofover four billion people. This water coated spaceship has been traveling throughthe universe for about five billion years. Only within the past 25 years, however,have some of its passengers broken free of Earth’s gravityBut 25 years from now, many people, including you, might live in an orbitingspace station 200 miles above the Earth.
Space Cities
Scientists have already designed special space factories. These factories will take advantage of the absence of gravity (zero gravity) to produce everything from life saving drugs to perfect ball bearings.
Other scientists have designed space colonies, complete with farms, schools,and artificial day and night. Hundreds, or even thousands, of people will live, work,play—even go toschool, far above the Earth.
Our conquest of space, of course, has already begun. We have explored part of the Moon, sent robot spaceships onto the surface of Venus and Mars, and aimed space probes past the planets of Jupiter and Saturn.
Last June, one robot ship, Pioneer 10, left our solar system forever. Andastronauts from both the Soviet Union and the United States have lived in spacestations.
The conquest of space, without question, is one of the greatest adventures human beings have ever set out on. But it may be more than a great adventure. Some scientists
think the conquest of space may be a necessity for survival of the human species.We are tearing up more and more of the Earth to get raw materials for industry.
And we are polluting the air and water as we manufacture products that we need or want. Almost everything that seems to make our lives more comfortable, and from
electricity to pesticides, uses up or alters a piece of our planet’s natural environment.
Why Go into Space?
Yet our solar system is full of resources. The moon is chockfull of valuable metals. So are the asteroids, the small, rocky, planet like bodies orbiting the sun most of them between Mars and Jupiter. These metals, if we can get them, could be used to build factories and space stations.Also, in space, there is no atmosphere to filter out the sun’s energy. There is plenty of solar energy to be turned into electricity for manufacturing, for creating comfortable living conditions.
Getting away from Earth has other advantages, too. Modern industry uses manykinds of metal alloys (mixtures of metal that are better for certain purposes thanpure metals). Yet some metal alloys either can’t be made or are very expensive to make on Earth because of gravity. For instance, certain metals don’t mix well onEarth. But in zero gravity, molten (hot, liquid) metals mix more evenly. This is because there is no gravity to pull the heavier metals down, while the lighter ones float on top.
From space, too, we can look down on the Earth and study the atmosphere, its weather, and the effects of air pollution.
And because there is no strong gravity to break free from, our future homes away from Earth will be convenient starting points for travel to distant planets.
But, while going into space might solve some problems, outer space can also be a dangerous place. For example, in outer space, we have to protect ourselves from the dangers of ultraviolet light and cosmic rays. Ultraviolet light from the sun can give us bad sunburns right here on Earth. Yet, Earth’s atmosphere screens out most of that harmful radiation. Cosmic rays are tiny high energy particles from outer space. Again, the Earth shields us from most of them.
At Home in Space?
But in space, without special protection, we would be exposed to much stronger radiation from ultraviolet light and cosmic rays. Also, in the zero gravity of outer space, our bones will lose calcium and become weaker. This will be more of a problem the longer people stay out in space. Doctors are looking for a way to keep our bones from losing calcium in outer space. And a small spaceship just might “drive you batty” after a while. But even on a short trip in outer space, you might not feelas well as you’d like to. Space travel could make you seasick!
Yet, these risks won’t keep people from going into space. Eventually, an Earth like environment will be built in space. And they will be populated by people with many different interests: medicine, construction, farming, teaching, mining, and so on.
The next hundred years will be filled with other worldly adventures, exciting scientific discoveries, and danger, as humans leave Earth—perhaps forever.
Aging in Space
Suppose a space traveler is moving at a velocity of 186,200 miles per second.
For every hour that passes for him, 30 hours pass on Earth. If he travels for a year in this fashion (having accelerated instantaneously) and then turns around and comes back at this speed (having turned around instantaneously), he will find that while he has seemed to himself to have traveled two years, the men on Earth would claim he had been absent for 30 years.
Suppose the space traveler had left at the age of 30, leaving behind a twin brother also aged 30. When he returned he would be 32, but his stay at home twin
brother would be 60. That is why the “clock paradox”, is sometimes called the “twin paradox”.
Of course it takes quite a long while to accelerate to a high speed, and a long while to make a turn and head back again, so conditions aren’t quite as clear cut as just described.
1.The giant, spherical spaceship mentioned in the passage is.
［A］the outer space［B］a man made spaceship
［C］the planet Earth［D］the Star Wars mothe ship
2.Some persons have traveled into outer space after conquering within the past 25years.
［A］the universe［B］Earth’s gravity
［C］the earth［D］outer space
3.We have explored or sent robot spaceships to the following space except.
［A］the moon［B］Venus［C］Jupiter［D］Mars
4.Why is the conquest of space more than a great adventure?
［A］Because it is full of challenges for human beings.
［B］Because it may be necessary for human beings to survive.
［C］Because it is the greatest adventure in human history.
［D］Because it is more exciting than any other adventures.
5.The moon and the asteroids are alike with respect to their .
［A］size and moving ways［B］comfortable living conditions
［C］rich and valuable metals［D］solar energy
6.Why can’t ultraviolet light scorch our skin on Earth as seriously as it does in space places?
［A］Because the Earth’s atmosphere can make ultraviolet light less harmful.
［B］Because ultraviolet can’t reach the Earth at all.
［C］Because the Earth is far away from those planets radiating ultraviolet light.
［D］Because other space places is near from those planets radiating ultravioletlight.
7.In spite of many risks, scientists will finally build in space suitable for humans to live.
［A］an environment without ultraviolet light
［B］a lot of homes
［C］an Earth like environment
［D］an environment with atmosphere
8.The reason some metal alloys can’t be made on Earth is that the heavier metals together with the lighter ones.
9.In space, there is no atmosphere to filter out the sun’s energy. There is plenty
of solar energy to be turned into, for creating comfortable living conditions.
10.According to the author, will be caused to a man in gravity free space.
Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be askedabout what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］, and decide which is the best
answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
11.［A］Tennis equipment.
［B］Volleyball equipment.
［C］Football equipment.［D］Basketball equipment.
12.［A］He must meet his teacher.
［B］He must attend a class.
［C］He must go out with his girlfriend.
［D］He must stay at school to finish his homework.
13.［A］It’s not as good as it was.［B］It’s better than it used to be.
［C］It’s better than people say.［D］It’s even worse than people say.
14.［A］Because he doesn’t like football.
［B］Because Maria fell ill.
［C］Because he didn’t have the time.
［D］Because Maria can’t stand football.
15.［A］A temporary job.
［B］A permanent job.
［C］Some money for the vacation.
［D］Some money for the university fees.
16.［A］The woman did most of the talking.
［B］The man did most of the talking.
［C］The woman was wearing a black sweater.
［D］The man and the woman had dark hair.
17.［A］A sunny day. ［B］A raincoat.
［C］An attractive hut. ［D］A lovely hat.
18.［A］Librarian and student. ［B］Operator and caller.
［C］Boss and secretary.［D］Customer and repairman.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19.［A］The benefits of strong business competition.
［B］A proposal to lower the cost of production.
［C］Complaints about the expense of modernization.
［D］Suggestions concerning new business strategies.
20.［A］It costs much more than its worth.
［B］It should be brought up to date.
［C］It calls for immediate repairs.
［D］It can still be used for a long time.
21.［A］The personnel manager should be fired for inefficiency.
［B］A few engineers should be employed to modernize the factory.
［C］The entire staff should be retrained.
［D］Better educated employees should be promoted.
22.［A］Their competitors have long been advertising on TV.
［B］TV commercials are less expensive.
［C］Advertising in newspapers alone is not sufficient.
［D］TV commercials attract more investments.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23.［A］Searching for reference material.
［B］Watching a film of the 1930s’.
［C］Writing a course book.
［D］Looking for a job in a movie studio.
24.［A］It’s too broad to cope with. ［B］It’s a bit outdated.
［C］It’s controversial.［D］It’s of little practical value.
25.［A］At the end of the online catalogue.
［B］At the Reference Desk.
［C］In the New York Times.
［D］In the Reader’s Guide to Periodical Literature.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each
passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be
spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from
the four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］.Then mark the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26.［A］The liberation movement of British women.
［B］Rapid economic development in Britain.
［C］Changing attitudes to family life.
［D］Reasons for changes in family life in Britain.
27.［A］Because millions of men died in the war.
［B］Because women had proved their worth.
［C］Because women were more skillful than men.
［D］Because factories preferred to employ women.
28.［A］The concept of “the family”as a social unit.
［B］The attitudes to birth control.
［C］The attitudes to religion.
［D］The ideas of authority and tradition.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29.［A］Synthetic fuel. ［B］Solar energy.
［C］Alcohol.［D］Electricity.
30.［A］Air traffic conditions. ［B］Traffic jams on highways.
［C］Road conditions.［D］New traffic rules.
31.［A］Go through a health check. ［B］Take little luggage with them.
［C］Arrive early for boarding. ［D］Undergo security checks.
Passage Three
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32.［A］Washing plates. ［B］Clearing tables.
［C］Shining shoes. ［D］Sweeping the floor.
33.［A］He must work six days a week.
［B］He should never be late for work.
［C］He must study hard in his spare time.
［D］He should not bring his friends to the restaurant.
34.［A］To pay him for his work.
［B］To let him have 3 meals a day in the restaurant.
［C］To give his friends free drinks.
［D］To allow him to have more free time.
35.［A］Because the boy was not a full time worker.
［B］Because the boy had made some mistakes.
［C］Because he thought the boy had failed to meet his requirements.
［D］Because he thought it was his son who should pay him.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. Whenthe passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in you own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should
check what you have written. Americans are proud of the (36) achievements made in this country. Medical scientists have found cures and (37) for such diseases as polio and tuberculosis.
They have learned a great deal about (38) and heart disease. Many lives have been saved. American hospitals are the most modern and best (39) medical facilities in the world. But this degree of excellence has been expensive.
Medical costs in the United States are very high. There is a (40) health plan for
Americans. But there are many programs (41) for this purpose. Many people have
health plans at the companies where they work. Under these plans, the company pays
a fixed (42) of money regularly into a fund. Then when the (43) needs medical help,
he can use money from the fund to pay for it.
Other people have health insurance. (44) .In some medical plans, the insurance
company is also the medical institution. (45) .Then when they need medical treatment,
they go to the hospital without paying more money.
(46) . These programs make medical care available to those without their own health
insurance. Part ⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
There’s no question that the Earth is getting hotter. The real questions are: How
much of the warming is our fault, and are we 47 to slow the devastation by controlling
our insatiable 48 for fossil fuels?
Global warming can seem too 49 to worry about, or too uncertain something projected
by the same computer 50 that often can’t get next week’s weather right. On a raw
winter day you might think that a few degrees of warming wouldn’t be such a bad
thing anyway. And no doubt about it: Warnings about 51change can sound like an
environmentalist scare tactic, meant to force us out of our cars and restrict our
lifestyles.
Comforting thoughts, perhaps. Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some
discomforting news. From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world is heating
up right now, and fast. Globally, the 52is up 1°F over the past century, but some
of the coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. The results aren’t pretty.
Ice is 53, rivers are running dry, and coasts are 54, threatening communities.
The 55are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldn’t be out of mind, because
they are omens of what’s in store for the 56 of the planet.
［A］remote［B］techniques［C］consisting［D］rest［E］willing
［F］climate［G］skill［H］appetite［I］melting［J］vanishing
［K］eroding［L］temperature［M］curiosity［N］changes［O］skillful
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.
For some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature,and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by him and his society. On the other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own goals osuccess. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but if one has self confidence it would be unfortunateto set one’s goals at too low a level of achievement.A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success: “You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon inorder to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park, or riding the subway downtown,” The counselor added,
“You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have given your
best effort.”
57.In the first paragraph, the author implies that are essential in achieving
success.
［A］ability and goals ［B］goals and determination
［C］ability and environment ［D］goals and environment
58.The word “frugal”(Line 2, Para. 2) means.
［A］wealthy ［B］wasteful
［C］thrifty ［D］miserable
59.Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because.
［A］their life is miserable ［B］they do not live in peace
［C］their goals are too low ［D］they are not rich enough by their own standards
60.The last paragraph implies that.
［A］we should have high goals
［B］success means achieving great goals
［C］success means taking a walk in the park
［D］success means trying one’s best at what one really likes
61.This passage mainly talks about.
［A］the definition of success ［B］how to achieve success
［C］how to set goals ［D］the importance of goals
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great
mistake. Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the “l(fā)ook say”or “whole word”method of
teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively.
The whole word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaningof letters, thinking over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of familiar wordsover developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the self directed, “l(fā)earning how to learn”activities recommended by advocates (倡導(dǎo)者)of “open”classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before 1963, no major publisher put out anything but these “Run Spot Run”readers.
However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called “the great debate” in beginning reading. In his best seller Why Johnny Can’t Read, Flesch indicted(控
訴)the nation’s public schools for miseducating students by using the look say method. He said—and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed—that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics(語音學(xué)),is far superior.
Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply
recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step.
62.The author feels that counting on educators to teach reading correctly is .
［A］only logical and natural［B］the expected position
［C］probably a mistake ［D］merely effective instruction
63.The author indicts the look say reading approach because .
［A］it overlooks decoding［B］Rudolf Flesch agrees with him
［C］he says it is boring ［D］many schools continue to use this method
64.One major difference between the look say method of learning reading and the
phonics method is .
［A］look say is simpler［B］phonics takes longer to learn
［C］look say is easier to teach ［D］phonics gives readers access to far more
words
65.The phrase “touch off” (Line 1, Para.3) most probably means .
［A］talk about shortly ［B］start or cause
［C］compare with ［D］oppose
66.According to the author, which of the following statements is true?
［A］Phonics approach regards whole word method as unimportant.
［B］The whole word approach emphasizes decoding.
［C］In phonics approach, it is necessary and logical to employ decoding.
［D］Phonics is superior because it stresses the meaning of words thus the vast
majority of most common words can be learned. Part ⅤCloze(15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Methods of studying vary; what works 67 for some students doesn’t work at all for others. The only thing you can do is experiment 68 you find a system that does work for you. But two things are sure: 69 else can do your studying for you, and unless you do find a system that works, you won’t get through college. Meantime, there are a few rules that 70for everybody. The hint is “don’t get 71 ”.The problem of studying, 72 enough to start with, becomes almost 73 when you are trying to do three 74 in one weekend. 75 the fastest readers have trouble 76that. And if you are behind in written work that must be 77, the teacher who accepts it 78 late will probably not give you good credit. Perhaps he may not accept it 79. Getting behindin one class because you are spending so much time on another is really no 80. Feeling pretty virtuous about the seven hours you spend on chemistry won’t 81one bit if the history teacher pops a quiz. And many freshmen do get into trouble by spending too much time on one class at the 82 of the others, either because they like one class much better or because they find it so much harder that they think, they should83all their time to it. 84 the reason, going the whole work for one class and neglecting the rest of them is a mistake, if you face this 85, begin with the shortest and easiest 86. Get them out of the way and then go to the more difficult, time consuming work.
67.［A］good［B］easily
［C］sufficiently［D］well
68.［A］until［B］after
［C］while［D］so
69.［A］somebody［B］nobody
［C］everybody［D］anybody
70.［A］follow［B］go
［C］operate［D］work
71.［A］behind［B］after
［C］slow［D］later
72.［A］hardly［B］unpleasant
［C］hard［D］heavy
73.［A］improbable［B］necessary
［C］impossible［D］inevitable
74.［A］week’s work［B］weeks’works
［C］weeks’work［D］week’s works
75.［A］Even［B］Almost
［C］If［D］With
76.［A］to do［B］doing
［C］at doing［D］with doing
77.［A］turned in［B］tuned up
［C］turned out［D］given in
78.［A］very［B］quite
［C］such［D］too
79.［A］anyway［B］either
［C］at all［D］that
80.［A］solution［B］method
［C］answer［D］excuse
81.［A］help［B］encourage
［C］assist［D］improve
82.［A］expense［B］pay
［C］debt［D］charge
83.［A］devote［B］put
［C］spend［D］take
84.［A］Whichever［B］Whatever
［C］However［D］Wherever
85.［A］attraction［B］decision
［C］temptation［D］dilemma
86.［A］arrangements［B］way
［C］assignments［D］class
Part ⅥTranslation(5 minutes)
Direction: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
87.Not only (他向我收費太高)，but he didn’t do a good repair job either.
88.The murderer (混在人群當(dāng)中)with an attempt to shoot at the Prime Ministerwhenever he seized a chance.
89.The emergence of e commerce and the fast growing Internet economy are (為
中國的國內(nèi)外貿(mào)易提供了新的增長機(jī)遇).
90.That Canadian speaks Chinese (和他說英語一樣流利).
91.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was (忙著準(zhǔn)備) herexamination.
Key to Model Test Two
Part I Writing
【寫作思路】
本文要求寫一篇針對吸煙問題的議論文。要求寫出贊同禁止吸煙、反對禁止吸煙以及自己對
待這個問題的看法。
【參考范文】
Should Smoking Be Completely Banned?
Some people maintain that smoking should be completely banned. In their opinions,smoking is harmful not only to the smokers but also to the people around. Moreover,
smoking is a waste of money. When one smokes a cigarette, he/she is actually burning money.
Other people do not agree. They believe that smoking helps to sharpen one’s mind and prevents one from sleeping. And smoking does not seem to shorten one’s life
since many people who smoke live a long life. Also the government gets a lot of money from cigarette taxes.
In my view, everyone has the right to choose his/her own way of life, but one does not have the right to impose his/her way of life on other people. So smoking in public places should be banned but in some areas it can be allowed.
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
【全文翻譯】
我們都是太空游客。但是直到如今，我們?nèi)匀浑x家很近?？傆幸惶?，我們會離開我們的“母親船”——地球——在一些星球上安家落戶。
現(xiàn)在，一個直徑大約8,000 英里的巨大球形“宇宙飛船”正飛馳在太陽系中。其巡航速度簡直不可思議，每小時達(dá)66,600 英里。它不是《星球大戰(zhàn)》中的母親船這樣的龐然大物，而是地球這艘太空船，上面載有40 億人。這艘由水覆蓋的太空飛船一直在宇宙中遨游了大約50 億年。然而，就在過去的25 年里，有一些乘客擺脫了地球的重力。今后25 年，許多人，包括你，可能會生活在一個距離地球200 英里的軌道空間站上。空間城市科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)設(shè)計出特殊的空間工廠。這些工廠將充分利用無重力(零重力狀態(tài))來制造從挽救生命的藥物到完美的滾珠軸承的任何東西。其他科學(xué)家也設(shè)計出擁有農(nóng)場、學(xué)校和人造晝夜的太空居民區(qū)。成百上千、甚至成千上萬的人將會在這些遠(yuǎn)離地球的太空居民區(qū)生活、工作和玩耍。當(dāng)然我們對太空的征服已經(jīng)開始了。我們已經(jīng)登上了月球，把機(jī)器人宇宙飛船送上了金星和火星，展開了對木星和土星的空間探測。去年6 月，先鋒10 號機(jī)器人飛船飛出了太陽系，蘇聯(lián)和美國的宇航員也居住在了空間站。毫無疑問，征服太空是人類著手進(jìn)行的偉大的歷險之一，但它遠(yuǎn)不止是一個偉大的歷險?？茖W(xué)家們認(rèn)為，征服太空可能是人類生存的需要。為了獲得工業(yè)原料，我們對地球造成越來越多的壞。在生產(chǎn)我們所需或想要的產(chǎn)品時，我們污染了空氣和水。幾乎所有一切看起來使我們的生活更舒適的東西，從電能到殺蟲劑，都部分地消耗或改變了地球的自然環(huán)境。為什么要進(jìn)入太空?我們的太陽系資源豐富。月球上儲藏著大量的貴重金屬，位于火星和木星之間的大多數(shù)小行星也如此。這些小行星類似行星，圍繞著太陽旋轉(zhuǎn)，體積小、巖石多。如果我們能獲得這些金屬，可以用它們來制造工廠和空間站。此外，太空中沒有能過濾太陽能的空氣，可以把豐富的太陽能轉(zhuǎn)變成電能并用于生產(chǎn)，從而創(chuàng)造舒適的生活條件。遠(yuǎn)離地球還有其他一些優(yōu)點?，F(xiàn)代工業(yè)使用多種金屬合金(符合特定目的而比純金屬更好的金屬混合物)，但是受地心引力的作用，有些金屬合金或者不能在地球上制造，或者價格非常昂貴。例如，某些金屬在地球上不能融合。但是，在零重力狀態(tài)下，熔化的（熱的、液態(tài)的）金屬融合的更均勻，原因是沒有使較重金屬下沉而較輕金屬上浮的重力。此外，我們可以從太空中俯視地球，究大氣、天氣和空氣污染帶來的影響。再者，我們未來遠(yuǎn)離地球的家不存在需要掙脫的強(qiáng)大重力，所以我們?nèi)ミb遠(yuǎn)行星的旅游將變得很方便。雖然進(jìn)住太空可能會解決一些問題，但是外層空間也可能會是一個危險的地方。例如，在外層空間中，我們必須保護(hù)自己免受紫外線和宇宙射線的危險。雖然陽光中的紫外線會使我們遭受嚴(yán)重的日光灼傷，但是地球上的大氣卻可以遮擋大部分的這種有害輻射。而且，地球還可以保護(hù)我們避免遭受大部分來自外層空間的高能微粒這些宇宙射線的傷害。無拘無束的太空？如果在太空中沒有特殊的保護(hù)，我們會暴露在更強(qiáng)的紫外線和宇宙射線的輻射中。同時，在零重力的外層空間，我們的骨頭會因為失鈣而變得更加脆弱。人們在太空中待的時間越久，這個問題就越嚴(yán)重。醫(yī)生們正在研究一種方法，以避免我們骨頭中的鈣在外層空間丟失。在小宇宙飛船中坐一會兒可能“讓你抓狂”。 在外層空間，即使是短暫的旅行，你也可能感覺不像想象的那樣舒服，太空旅行能讓你暈船!然而，這些風(fēng)險不會阻止人們進(jìn)入太空。人們終將會在太空建立起跟地球一樣的空間環(huán)境，其中居住著許多人，他們有不同的興趣領(lǐng)域，例如醫(yī)藥、建筑、農(nóng)業(yè)、教學(xué)和礦山等等。未來的百年間將充滿歷險、令人興奮的科學(xué)發(fā)明和危險，人類也將離開地球——可能永遠(yuǎn)地。
空間的年齡計算
假設(shè)一個太空旅行者的速度是每秒186,200 英里，那么他每過1 小時，就等同于地球上的30 小時。如果他以這種方式（及時加速）旅游一年，然后以同樣的速度（及時加速）轉(zhuǎn)身返回，他會發(fā)現(xiàn)，自己看來好像旅游了兩年，但地球上的人聲稱他已經(jīng)離開了三十年。假設(shè)這個太空旅行者是在30 歲時離開地球的，當(dāng)時留下了一個年齡30 歲的孿生兄弟。當(dāng)他年滿32 歲回來的時候，其待在家里的孿生兄弟卻60 歲了。這就是為什么“時鐘佯謬”有時也被稱為“孿生佯謬”的原因。當(dāng)然，要加速到一定的高速度需要相當(dāng)長的一段時間，要掉頭并再次轉(zhuǎn)回來也需要很長的一段時間，所以情況并不像描述的那么簡單。
【答案解析】
1.【解析】［C］屬細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干的意思，本文中提到的巨大的球形宇宙飛船是指什么？根據(jù)本文第一個小標(biāo)題下的第二段首句“A giant, spherical “spaceship”, about8,000 miles...”和第三段的首句“It’s not a giant, Star Wars mother ship. It’s spaceship Earth...”，其中的“it”指代的就是“a giant, spherical ‘spaceship’”，由此可以知道C 項是正確答案。其他選項雖然在文中均有提及，但都不是該題的正確答案。
2.【解析】［B］屬細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干中的past 25 years 是關(guān)鍵詞，直接定位到第一個小標(biāo)題下第三段的后一句話“Only within the past 25 years, ... its passengers brokenfree of Earth’s gravity”。通過比較可知，該題干是對原句的改寫，答案應(yīng)該是B，可以直接選擇。其他選項原文中都有提及，但是與該題均無關(guān)，不是正確答案。
3.【解析】［C］屬同義轉(zhuǎn)換題，注意本是一種排除性選擇題。分析題干，本題考查人類還沒有征服或者探索過的空間；或者，根據(jù)題支中的四個備選項，可以將該題的答案定位在小標(biāo)題“Space Cities”下的第三段的后一句話，“We have explored part of the Moon, sentrobot spaceships onto the surface of Venus and Mars, and aimed space probes pastthe planets of Jupiter and Saturn”，可知C 是正確答案。其他選項文中均有提及，都是人類已經(jīng)征服或者探索過的空間，不是正確答案。
4.【解析】［B］屬同義轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵詞“more than a great adventure”，可以將答案鎖定在文章小標(biāo)題“Space Cities”下的第五段的后兩句話，“... more than a greatadventure... may be a necessity for survival of the human species”。其中，第二句是對第一句的解釋，而題支B 正是該句的同義互換，所以答案選B 項。其他選項在文中均未提及。
5.【解析】［C］屬細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干中 是“asteroids” 關(guān)鍵詞，答案可以鎖定在文章小標(biāo)題“Why Go into Space”之下的第一段的第二、三句話“The moon is chockfull of valuablemetals. So are the asteroids...”。其so”表示后面與前句話的內(nèi)容相同。題干對這兩句話做了綜合，并進(jìn)行了同義互換，經(jīng)推斷可知C 是正確答案。答案A 文中沒有提及，答案B 和D 均與題干要求不符。
6.【解析】［A］屬同義轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵詞“ultraviolet light”，答案可以鎖定在文章小標(biāo)題“Why Go into Space”下的后一段的倒數(shù)第三、四句話，“Ultraviolet lightfrom the sun can give us bad sunburns right here on Earth. Yet, Earth’s atmospherescreens out most of that harmful radiation”這與選項A 的意思一致，所以答案選A項。選項B 本身就是錯誤的，選項C 和D 在文中均沒有提及。
7.【解析】［C］屬同義轉(zhuǎn)換題。題干中的“risks”是關(guān)鍵詞，可以將答案定位在“At Homein Space”這一小節(jié)下的第二段的前兩句話，“Yet, these risks won’t keep people fromgoing into space. Eventually, an Earth like environment will be built in space”。題干是對這兩句話的綜合和同義互換，由此可知選項C 是正確答案。其他選項原文均未提及。
8.【解析】do not mix well 根據(jù)Why Go into Space 中的第二段的第三、四句話，可以得到我們所需要的答案。
9.【解析】electricity for manufacturing 根據(jù)Why Go into Space 的第一段得出該題目答案。
10.【解析】the losing of calcium 根據(jù)At Home in Space 第一段第四句話找出題目所需要的答案。也可以寫為the loss of calcium。 Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A
11.W:It’s high time we increased our supplies of football equipment. Volleyballand tennis are both out of fashion.
M:I couldn’t agree more.
Q:Which should they increase?
【解析】［C］ 女士說是時候該增加足球設(shè)備的供應(yīng)了，排球和網(wǎng)球都過時了。男士說我再
同意不過了。本題關(guān)鍵是聽懂It’s high time 和out of fashion 這兩個固定短語。
12.W:John, do you want to go swimming with me today?
M:Sure, but I can’t leave now. I have an appointment with my professor at 3 o’
clock.
Q:Why can’t John go swimming now?
【解析】［A］ 男士說他三點與他的老師有個會面。I have an appointment with my professor
at 3 o’clock.從這句可以得出答案。
13.M:Is this school really as good as people say?
W:It used to be even better.
Q:How’s the school?
【解析】［A］ 男士問這座學(xué)校真的像人們說的那樣好么。女士回答說它過去更好些。因此，
即是說這座學(xué)校不如過去好了，從這得出對這座學(xué)校的評價。
14. W:Did you watch the game yesterday?
M:I wanted to, but Marie was watching a movie on Channel 5, so I watched it with
her.You know Marie, she can’t stand football.
Q:Why didn’t the man watch the game?
【解析】［D］本題關(guān)鍵在于聽出瑪麗亞受不了足球這句 You know Maria, she can’t stand
football.因此，男士雖然本想看球賽的，但是瑪麗亞在看五頻道的一個電影，他就跟她一
起看了那個電影。
15.M:Good morning, I’m Jim Green. My father asked me to come over and see you about a vacation job.
W:Oh, come in, Jim. I haven’t seen you for ages. I hear you’re at the university
now.
Q: What does Jim want?
【解析】［A］ 男士說他父親叫他來這兒問關(guān)于一個假期工作的事。女士說她很久都沒見到他了，她聽說他現(xiàn)在上大學(xué)呢。這個叫吉姆的男士還是學(xué)生，他想找個假期的兼職做。因此，他想找的是一份暫時的工作。
16.M:Could you describe the two people who robbed the bank?
W:Well, the man was tall with dark hair and he was wearing a black sweater. The main
thing that I remembered about the woman was that she did most of the talking.
Q:What do you learn from this conversation?
【解析】［A］ 男士問能否形容一下?lián)尳巽y行的兩個人的外貌。女士說那個男的個子高，深色頭發(fā)，穿一件黑色毛衣，關(guān)于那個女的主要就是搶劫時她說的話比較多。The main thingthat I remembered about the woman was that she did most of the talking.從這句中可以得出答案。
17.M:Is that nice looking straw hat light and strong?
W:Yes, you can wear it rain or shine.
Q: What are they talking about?
【解析】［D］ 這句關(guān)鍵在于聽出nice looking straw hat 一頂非常好看的草帽，可以得出兩人討論的是一頂好看的帽子lovely hat。
18.W:How long will it take you to fix my watch?
M:I’ll call you when it’s ready. But it shouldn’t take longer than a week.
Q:What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
【解析】［D］ 女士問修好我的手表要多長時間，男士說修好的時候他會打電話給她，但是不會花一個多星期的時間。從這個對話里可以看出說話者之間是顧客和修表人之間的關(guān)系。
Now you’ll hear two long conversations.
Conversation One
W: Hello, Gary. How’re you?
M: Fine! And yourself?
W:Can’t complain. Did you have time to look at my proposal?
M: No, not really. Can we go over it now?
W:Sure.I’ve been trying to come up with some new production and advertisingstrategies. First of all, if we want to stay competitive, we need to modernize ourfactory. New equipment should have been installed long ago.
M: How much will that cost?
W:We have several options ranging from one hundred thousand dollars all the way up
to half a million.
M:OK.We’ll have to discuss these costs with finance.
W: We should also consider human resources. I’ve been talking to personnel as well
as our staff at the factory.
M: And what’s the picture?
W:We’ll probably have to hire a couple of engineers to help us modernize the factory.
M: What about advertising?
W: Marketing has some interesting ideas for television commercials.
M:TV? Isn’t that a bit too expensive for us? What’s wrong with advertising in the
papers, as usual?
W:Quite frankly, it’s just not enough anymore.We need to be more aggressive in order
to keep ahead of our competitors.
M: Will we be able to afford all this?
W:I’ll look into it, but I think higher costs will be justified.These investments
will result in higher profits for our company.
M:We’ll have to look at the figures more closely.Have finance draw up a budget for
these investments.
W: All right.I’ll see to it.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. What are the two speakers talking about?
【解析】［D］ 女士問Did you have time to look at my proposal? 你有時間看看我的建議么。聽完全文，可見是一個關(guān)于新的商業(yè)計劃的提案，因此正確答案是Suggestions
concerning new business strategies.
20. What does the woman say about the equipment of their factory?
【解析】［B］ 女士說New equipment should have been installed long ago.即早就該給工廠裝新的設(shè)備了。所以正確答案為工廠應(yīng)該引進(jìn)新的設(shè)備。
21.What does the woman suggest about human resources?
【解析】［B］女士說We’ll probably have to hire a couple of engineers to help usmodernize the factory.女士建議雇用一些工程師幫助實現(xiàn)工廠的現(xiàn)代化。所以正確答案應(yīng)
是 B 項：A few engineers should be employed to modernize the factory.
22. Why does the woman suggest advertising on TV?
【解析】［C］ 從女士的話it’s just not enough anymore.We need to be more aggressivein order to keep ahead of our competitors 中可看出，僅僅在報紙上做廣告是不夠的了。
Conversation Two
W:Sir, you’ve been using the online catalogue for quite a while.Is there anything
I can do to help you?
M:Well, I’ve got to write a paper about Hollywood in the 30s and 40s, and I’m reallystruggling.There are hundreds of books, and I just don’t know where to begin.
W:Your topic sounds pretty big.Why don ’ t you narrow it down to somethinglike...uh...the history of the studios during that time?
M:You know, I was thinking about doing that, but more that 30 books came up when
I typed in “movie studios.”
W:You could cut that down even further by listing the specific years you want.Tryadding “1930s” or “1940s” or maybe “Golden Age.”
M:“Golden Age” is a good idea.Let me type that in ...Hey, look, just 6 books thistime.That’s a lot better.
W:Oh...another thing you might consider...have you tried looking for any magazineor newspaper articles?
M: No, I’ve only been searching for books.
W:Well, you can look up magazine articles in the Reader’s Guide to Periodical Literature.And we do have the Los Angeles Times available over there.You might go through their indexes to see if there’s anything you want.
M:Okay, I think I’ll get started with these books and then I’ll go over the magazines.
W:If you need any help, I’ll be over at the Reference Desk.
M: Great, thanks a lot.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23.What is the man doing?
【解析】［A］ 男士準(zhǔn)備寫一篇關(guān)于20 世紀(jì)三、四十年代好萊塢電影的論文，他現(xiàn)在正在檢索所需要的參考書，所以答案是“他在搜尋參考材料”。
24. What does the librarian think of the topic the man is working on?
【解析】［A］ 此題關(guān)鍵在于聽出女士，即這位圖書館員說：Your topic sounds pretty big.Why don’t you narrow it 她認(rèn)為這位男士的題目太大，因此答案應(yīng)為It’s too broad to cope
with.
25. Where can the man find the relevant magazine articles?【解析】［D］ 本題在聽力原文中可直接找出答案。女圖書館員說Well, you can look up magazine articles in the Reader’s Guide to Periodical Literature.因此男士可以在Reader’s Guide to Periodical
Literature 找到相關(guān)的雜志文章。
Section B
Passage One
There are many reasons why family life in Britain has changed so much in the lastfifty years.The liberation of women in the early part of the twentieth century andthe social and economic effects of World War II had a great impact on traditional family life.Women became essential to industry and the professions.During the war
they had worked in factories and proved their worth, now, with the loss of millions of men, their services were indispensable to the nation.
More recently, great advances in scientific knowledge, and particularly in medicine,have had enormous social consequences.Children are better cared for and are far
healthier.Infant death rate is low.Above all, parents can now plan the size of their family if they wish through more effective means of birth control.
Different attitudes to religion, authority and tradition generally have also greatly contributed to changes in family life.But these developments have affected all aspects of society.It is particularly interesting to note that the concept of “the family” as a social unit has survived all these challenges.
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26.What is this passage mainly about?【解析】［D］ 短文第一句就點出了文章的主
旨，There are many reasons why family life in Britain has changed so much in the
last fifty years.即主要講了英國家庭生活變化的諸多原因。
27.Why did British women become indispensable to industry after World War II?
【解析】［A］ 為什么英國婦女二戰(zhàn)之后在工業(yè)上起著不可或缺的作用？During the war theyhad worked in factories and proved their worth, now, with the loss of millions ofmen, their services were indispensable to the nation.從這兩句話中可得出答案，由于戰(zhàn)爭中成千上萬的男子犧牲了，因此女子必須承擔(dān)起勞動的重任。
28.What remained unchanged in spite of all the challenges in family life?【解
析】［A］ 雖然文中花了大量篇幅介紹英國人家庭生活變化的種種原因。但本題的答案出現(xiàn)在文章后一句，即It is particularly interesting to note that the concept of “thefamily” as a social unit has survived all these challenges.
Passage Two
In the next few decades people are going to travel very differently from the way they do today.Everyone is going to drive electrically powered cars.So in a few yearspeople won’t worry about running out of gas.Some of the large automobile companies are really moving ahead with this newtechnology.F & C Motors, a major auto company, for example, is holding a pressconference next week.At the press conference the company will present its new,electronically operated models.
Transportation in the future won’t be limited to the ground.Many people predict that traffic will quickly move to the sky.In the coming years, instead of radio reports about road conditions and highway traffic, news reports will talk about traffic jams in the sky.
But the sky isn’t the limit.In the future, you’ll probably even be able to take a trip to the moon. Instead of listening to regular airplane announcements, you’ll hear someone say, “The spacecraft to the moon leaves in ten minutes.Please check your equipment.And remember, no more than ten ounces of carry on baggage are allowed.”
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29.What will be used to power cars in the next few decades?
【解析】［D］ 以后的數(shù)十年汽車用什么作能源，Everyone is going to drive electrically powered cars.每個人都將用上電力驅(qū)動的車，因此將用電作能源。
30.What will future news reports focus on when talking about transportation?
【解析】［A］本題也可在聽力材料中直接聽出答案。In the coming years, instead of radio reports about road conditions and highway traffic, news reports will talk about traffic jams in the sky.未來的新聞報道在談到交通狀況時將主要報道空中的交通狀況。
31. What is the special requirement for passengers traveling to the moon?
【解析】［B］ 從短文后的announcement 提醒去往月球旅行的乘客：And remember, no morethan ten ounces of carry on baggage are allowed，只能帶不超過十盎司的隨身行李，因此，對于去月球旅行的旅客的特殊要求就是Take little luggage with them.
Passage Three
My parents ran a small restaurant.The restaurant was open 24 hours a day, seven days a week.And my first job when I was six years old was shining shoes for customers.My
duties increased as I grew older.By age ten I was clearing tables and washing plates.My father made it clear that I had to meet certain standards.I had to be ontime, hard working and polite to the customers.I was never paid for any work I did.One day I made a mistake of telling Dad I thought he should give me 10 pounds a week.He said, “OK, then how about you paying me for the three meals a day when you eat here and for the times you bring in your friends for free drinks.” He figured I owed him about 40 pounds a week.This taught me quite a lot.
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. What was the speaker’s job before he was 10 years old?
【解析】［C］男孩的工作就是給顧客擦皮鞋。
33.What was one of the requirements laid down by the boy’s father?
【解析】［B］從這一句I had to be on time 中可知他工作不能遲到。
34.What did the boy ask his father to do one day?
【解析】A 男孩認(rèn)為爸爸應(yīng)該付他工錢I thought he should give me 10 pounds a week.
35.Why did the boy’s father refuse to pay him?
【解析】［D］ 因為父親認(rèn)為 it was his son who should pay him。
Section C
36.【答案】medical
【解析】medical 意為“醫(yī)學(xué)的”?？v觀全文可知此處應(yīng)填medical，美國人對本國所達(dá)到
的醫(yī)學(xué)成就倍感驕傲。
37. 【答案】prevention
【解析】prevention 意為“預(yù)防、防止”。醫(yī)學(xué)家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)預(yù)防和治療腦灰質(zhì)炎以及肺結(jié)核
的方法。
38. 【答案】cancer
【解析】cancer 意為“癌癥”。他們對癌癥和心臟病做了大量研究。
39. 【答案】equipped
【解析】equip 意為“裝備、配備”。美國的醫(yī)院是現(xiàn)代化的，配備有世界上好的醫(yī)療
設(shè)備。
40. 【答案】national
【解析】national 意為“國家的”。美國有一個全民健康計劃。
41. 【答案】available
【解析】available 意為“可用到的，可利用的”。為了這個全民健康目的美國有許多項目
計劃。
42.【答案】sum
【解析】sum 意為“一筆(金額)”a sum of money 是固定搭配。公司定期付一筆款項到這
個基金里。
43. 【答案】employee
【解析】employee 意為“職員、雇員”。當(dāng)職員需要就醫(yī)，他可以從這個基金里拿錢付醫(yī)療
費用。
44.【答案】They pay insurance premiums each month to insurance companies which then pay for medical expenses when they are needed
45.【答案】People regularly pay the hospital directly
46. 【答案】The government has health insurance programs for older people, poor people and those with long term illness Part ⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)
Section A
【全文翻譯】
毫無疑問，地球正變得越來越熱。但是，真正的問題是：氣候變暖的程度是我們的錯，我們愿意通過控制我們對礦石燃料無止境的欲望來減緩地球變暖嗎？全球氣候變暖似乎離我們太遙遠(yuǎn)，以至于我們無需為此擔(dān)心；或者太難以確定，我們無法用計算機(jī)技術(shù)來測定，同樣的計算機(jī)技術(shù)往往難以正確地預(yù)報下周的天氣情況。在一個陰冷的冬日，你可能會覺得，變暖幾度無論如何也不是件糟糕的事情。毫無疑問，氣候變化的警告聽上去就像一個環(huán)保主義者的恐嚇策略，迫使我們遠(yuǎn)離汽車，限制我們的生活方式。這些也許是安慰的想法。然而，不幸的是，地球給我們帶來一些不安的消息。從阿拉斯加到安第斯山的雪峰，全球都在快速升溫。上個世紀(jì)，全球溫度上升了1 華氏度，但是有些冷、偏遠(yuǎn)的地方卻遠(yuǎn)不止如此。這些結(jié)果非常不妙。冰層正在融化，河流正在干枯，海岸正在受侵蝕，我們的社區(qū)正在受到威脅。很大程度上，這些正在發(fā)生的變化處于我們的視野之外。但是，他們不應(yīng)該被忽視，因為他們預(yù)示著地球的其他地方將會發(fā)生什么樣的情況。
【答案解析】
47.【解析】［E］此處應(yīng)填入E 項，be willing to 為固定搭配。
48.【解析】［H］此處應(yīng)填入一個名詞，而appetite 通常和介詞for 搭配，此處句子的意思
為控制我們無止境的欲望。
49.【解析】［A］此處應(yīng)填入一個形容詞，根據(jù)上下文意思應(yīng)選A 項，意即:全球氣候變暖似
乎離我們太遙遠(yuǎn)，以至于我們無需為此擔(dān)心。
50.【解析】［B］此處應(yīng)填入一個名詞，而與computer 搭配的名詞在選項中根據(jù)上下文意
思B 為正確選項。
51.【解析】［F］根據(jù)上下文意思此處應(yīng)表達(dá)氣候變化之意，因此F 為正確選項。
52.【解析】［L］該題較為簡單，表示“上個世紀(jì)全球的氣溫上升了1 華氏度”，應(yīng)能迅速找
出正確答案。
53.【解析】［I］顯然ice 與melt 搭配，因此I 為正確選項。
54.【解析】［K］此處應(yīng)填入一個現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“海岸受到侵蝕”，因此應(yīng)選K 項。
55.【解析】［N］該題較為簡單，應(yīng)填入一個復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以填入N 項。
56.【解析】［D］選D 項，the rest of 為固定搭配。
Section B
Passage One
【全文翻譯】
定義成功有許多不同的方法。準(zhǔn)確地說，我們每個人都有自己的成功理念。在某種程度上，我們每個人都有責(zé)任設(shè)定自己的目標(biāo)，確定我們是否能滿意地實現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)。在遺傳能力以及適合這些遺傳能力表達(dá)的環(huán)境方面，我們每個人都具有獨特的差異性，所以毫無疑問地我們必須從廣泛的意義上來界定成功。
對于一些人來說，只要沒有太大的苦難，能夠活著，就是一種成功。牧羊人雖然貧窮，卻心態(tài)平靜。他在美麗的大自然中牧羊，與家人一起過著儉樸的生活。他之所以受人尊敬，是因為他有一份不錯的工作，并為實現(xiàn)自己和社會所期望的目標(biāo)而努力奮斗。另一方面，盡管有些人擁有大量的物質(zhì)財富，但其中的許多人看起來很痛苦。他們認(rèn)為自己沒有成功，因為他們沒有實現(xiàn)自己的成功目標(biāo)。并不是所有的事業(yè)都能獲得成功，所以一個人不應(yīng)該為了獲得
成功而設(shè)立不切實際的目標(biāo)；但是，對于一個有自信的人來說，如果設(shè)定的成功目標(biāo)過低，也是一件極其不幸的事情。一位成功的職業(yè)咨詢師曾經(jīng)對一名正在經(jīng)歷挫折的年輕人說過：“即使為了獲得成功的旅行，你也沒有必要把月球旅行設(shè)定為你的旅行目標(biāo)。有時候，僅僅是在公園里散步，或者乘坐地鐵去市區(qū)，也可以讓一個人獲得成功?！彼f，“只有你在為自己真正喜歡的東西付出全心的努力后卻仍未能獲得成功，你才是真的失敗了，才是真的失去了成功的機(jī)會?！?BR> 【答案解析】
57.【解析】［C］細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段，作者表明要獲得成功，能力和環(huán)境是很基本的條件。見文章第一段第三句話，“Because each of us possesses ...genetic ability and favorable environments ...”由于我們每個人的天生能力和后天成長環(huán)境的不同„„由此可知，C 為正確答案。
58.【解析】［C］詞匯題。“frugal”這個詞的意思是節(jié)儉的，樸素的。見第二段第二句，“...the poor shepherd who ...enjoys his frugal life ...”通過下文提到的擁有財富的人的對
比，可以推測出該詞的意思是節(jié)儉樸素的。
59.【解析】［D］細(xì)節(jié)題。有些富人并不覺得他們成功，因為以他們自己的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)他們還不夠富。見文章第二段第三句，“On the other hand ...many of them ...consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own goals of success”根據(jù)他們自己的目標(biāo)來判斷，他們并不認(rèn)為自己是成功的，由此可知D 為正確答案。
60.【解析】［D］細(xì)節(jié)題。文章后一段表明，成功意味著盡自己所能做自己喜歡的事情。見文章后一句，“You have not really failed ...for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like ...”在你沒有盡全力做自己喜歡的事而失敗之前，你的失敗都不算真正的失敗, 由此可推斷出作者暗示成功就是盡全力做自己喜歡的事，所以D 為正確答案。
61.【解析】［A］主旨題。這篇文章主要談的是成功的定義。文章第一句話就是全文的主題句，每個人對成功的定義不同。接下來的幾段也都是從不同的角度定義成功，所以A 為正確答案。
Passage Two
【全文翻譯】
從一開始就教孩子閱讀是小學(xué)重要的任務(wù)，但是依靠教育者正確地處理這個任務(wù)會犯重大錯誤。許多學(xué)校仍繼續(xù)使用被證明是無效的教學(xué)方法。教授如何開始閱讀的“看與說”或者“全詞”教學(xué)法具有強(qiáng)制力，這也許是有效指導(dǎo)閱讀失敗的好例子。全詞閱讀方法強(qiáng)調(diào)單詞的含義超過強(qiáng)調(diào)字母的含義，考慮把拼寫和讀音的關(guān)系用于閱讀，發(fā)展認(rèn)識熟悉單詞的能力超過發(fā)展認(rèn)識不熟悉單詞讀音的能力。它適合于教室“開放” 的倡導(dǎo)者們所推薦的自我指導(dǎo)的、“學(xué)習(xí)如何學(xué)習(xí)”的活動，也符合孩子們必須發(fā)展地準(zhǔn)備開始閱讀的理念。1963 年以前的出版物都是教授使用全詞閱讀方法的。然而，在1955 年，Rudolf Flesch 點燃了開始閱讀中的“偉大辯論”。在他的暢銷書《為什
么約翰尼不能閱讀》中，F(xiàn)lesch 控訴公立學(xué)校使用“看與說”的方法對學(xué)生進(jìn)行錯誤的教育。他說，另外一種建立在語音學(xué)基礎(chǔ)上的開始閱讀的方法要好得多。后來，Jeane Chall 和
Rovert Dykstra 證明了它是一種更學(xué)術(shù)性的學(xué)習(xí)方法。首先，系統(tǒng)語音教孩子們 把字母和字母組合與讀音聯(lián)系在一起。然后，教他們?nèi)绾伟堰@些讀音組合起來說話。它傳授給孩子們一種規(guī)則，通過這種規(guī)則可以學(xué)會英語中絕大多數(shù)常見單詞的發(fā)音，而不是把記憶中相對有限的單詞堆積在一起。語音學(xué)并不是貶低思考單詞和句子意義的重要性，它只是承認(rèn)把拼寫和讀音的關(guān)系用于閱讀是合乎邏輯的、必要的第一步。
【答案解析】
62.【解析】［C］細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的線索是第一段的第二句話，其中的relying on educators與題干中的counting on educators 是相同的意思。
63.【解析】［A］細(xì)節(jié)題。作者先在第一段的后一句說“l(fā)ook say”或“whole word”的閱讀教學(xué)方法是失敗的，第二段分析了這種方法失敗的原因，是因為它“stresses themeaning of words over the meaning of letters, thinking over decoding ...”。
64.【解析】［D］推斷題。文章在后一段談到了phonics method 的特點和好處，本題線索見該段的第二句話“Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary ofmemorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majorityof the most common words in the English language can be learned”，可見這種方法能
使學(xué)習(xí)者獲得更大的詞匯量。
65.【解析】［B］詞義題。本題要求利用上下文猜測單詞的意思。根據(jù)第二段的后一句，在1963 年以前，出版的東西都是教授使用whole word 的方法的，緊接著用了轉(zhuǎn)折詞however，說在1955 年，Rudolf Flesch “touched off”一場爭論，因此此處的touch off必然是“引起”的意思。
66.【解析】［C］推斷題。本題要求有較好的綜合能力才能做得既快又準(zhǔn)。從第二段中綜合出whole word 閱讀方法的特點：強(qiáng)調(diào)單詞的意思，沒有decoding；由此即可知B、D 是錯的；在文章的后一句話，作者指出Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences，所以A 也是不對的。 Part ⅤCloze
【全文翻譯】
學(xué)習(xí)的方法大不相同，對一些學(xué)生有效的方法對其他人不一定起作用。你能做的就是要進(jìn)行實驗，直到找到一個適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法。但是有兩件事是肯定的：沒有人能替你學(xué)習(xí)，而且如果你找不到適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法，你就不會通過大學(xué)考試。同時，還有一些對每個人都起作用的規(guī)則，例如“不要落后”。學(xué)習(xí)的問題是，一開始的時候是非常難的，而當(dāng)你嘗試在一周內(nèi)完成三周的事情時則變得幾乎不可能。即使是好的讀者也難以完成。如果你沒
有按時完成必須上交的書面任務(wù)，交的太遲，老師大概不會給你打個高分，也許他根本就不接受它。在其他科目上花費太多的時間不是你在某個科目上落后的真正借口。在化學(xué)上花費七個小時感到非常有效，卻對歷史考試毫無幫助。許多大一新生的確陷入了困境，他們以犧牲其他課程為代價而在一門課程上花費了太多的時間，這要么因為他們喜歡一門課程超過其他各門課程，要么因為他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這門課程非常難，所以他們認(rèn)為應(yīng)該在這門課程上付出自己全部的時間。不管什么原因，對某門課程全力以赴而忽視其余的課程是不正確的。如果你面對這種誘惑，應(yīng)該從短、容易的課程開始入手。完成它們后，再去學(xué)習(xí)更困難的、費時的課程.
【答案解析】
67.【解析】［D］well 是副詞，good 是形容詞，所以A 不可。此處要與后面的doesn’t work
at all 形成對比，而B、C 沒有對比的作用。
68.【解析】［A］此句的意思是你一直進(jìn)行嘗試，直到找到適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法。因而此處的連詞要表達(dá)“直到”的意思。
69.【解析】［B］線索是空格后的else，兩個詞連起來表示“(除了你自己)，別的任何人都不能„„”。
70.【解析】［D］ work 常用于抽象的意義，表示起作用的意思。請參照第一句中的動詞。
71.【解析】［A］ get (fall, be) behind 等都表示落后的意思，根據(jù)上下文，顯然是說，我們在學(xué)習(xí)上不要落后。
72.【解析】［C］此處要求填一個形容詞，A 可排除。又根據(jù)上下文，可以理解出這句話的意思應(yīng)該是：學(xué)習(xí)的問題是，一開始的時候是非常難的，而當(dāng)你想在一周內(nèi)完成三周的事情
時則變得幾乎是不可能的。這時談的是難度的問題，因此選其他的答案是不合適的。如果直接解此題有困難，可以先做后面的題。
73.【解析】［C］根據(jù)從句中的意思來判斷本題的答案。要在一周內(nèi)做三周的事，毫無疑問，應(yīng)當(dāng)說這是幾乎不可能的。
74.【解析】［C］表面考的是所有格的用法，實際上考的是名詞的數(shù)。三周肯定是復(fù)數(shù)，week必須是復(fù)數(shù)形式；work 是不可數(shù)名詞。答案就一目了然了。
75.【解析】［A］本題考查的是篇章詞匯。解題也有兩種方法。第一種方法從篇章的角度著手，承接上面一段，說的是學(xué)習(xí)的困難，在這里顯然是說“即使”是讀得快的人也有困難，選A 順理成章。第二種方法從句法著手。這一一個簡單句，顯然不能填連詞和介詞，C、明顯錯誤。單就本句來說，選almost 也是不能的。
76.【解析】［B］ have trouble 后要求接動名詞。
77.【解析】［A］ turn in 的意思是“交上去，上交”，其他的選項是：turn up 出現(xiàn)； turnout 出來，結(jié)果是；give in 讓步。
78.【解析】［D］此處表示“過晚”之意，用too。
79.【解析】［C］考查常用句型not ...at all。
80.【解析】［D］這一句及其下一句是說因為你在別的科花的時間太多而在另一科落后，前者不是后者的理由。所以此處要選表示“借口、理由”意思的詞，即excuse。
81.【解析】［A］表示籠統(tǒng)的“有用”的動詞是help。
82.【解析】［A］ at the expense of 的意思是“以„„為代價”。
83.【解析】［A］注意后面的介詞to，所以這是一個固定搭配。
84.【解析】［B］考查句型“What is the reason that ...”。
85.【解析】［C］前面所說的明顯是一種誘惑，所以要選temptation。
86.【解析】［D］前面說的是上某課的事，所以選class。
Part Ⅵ Translation
87.【答案】did he charge me too much / did he overcharge me
88.【答案】mingled with the crowds
89.【答案】providing new growth opportunities for China’s foreign and domestic trade
90.【答案】as fluently as he speaks English
91.【答案】busy preparing for
Part I Writing(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Smoking Be Completely Banned. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 有人贊同完全禁止吸煙，理由是„„
2. 有人不贊同完全禁止吸煙，理由是„„
3. 我的看法。
Should Smoking Be Completely Banned
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quicklyand answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked ［A］,［B］,［C］and ［D］. For questions 8-10,completethe sentences with the information given in the passage.
Space Our Future in Space: It Has Already Begun!
We are all space travelers. But we’ve stayed close to home until now. One day,we may leave our “mother ship”Earth to make our home among the stars.
A giant, spherical “spaceship”, about 8,000 miles in diameter, is speedingthrough the solar system right now. It is cruising at an incredible 66,600 milesper hour.
It’s not a giant, Star Wars mother ship. It’s spaceship Earth, the home ofover four billion people. This water coated spaceship has been traveling throughthe universe for about five billion years. Only within the past 25 years, however,have some of its passengers broken free of Earth’s gravityBut 25 years from now, many people, including you, might live in an orbitingspace station 200 miles above the Earth.
Space Cities
Scientists have already designed special space factories. These factories will take advantage of the absence of gravity (zero gravity) to produce everything from life saving drugs to perfect ball bearings.
Other scientists have designed space colonies, complete with farms, schools,and artificial day and night. Hundreds, or even thousands, of people will live, work,play—even go toschool, far above the Earth.
Our conquest of space, of course, has already begun. We have explored part of the Moon, sent robot spaceships onto the surface of Venus and Mars, and aimed space probes past the planets of Jupiter and Saturn.
Last June, one robot ship, Pioneer 10, left our solar system forever. Andastronauts from both the Soviet Union and the United States have lived in spacestations.
The conquest of space, without question, is one of the greatest adventures human beings have ever set out on. But it may be more than a great adventure. Some scientists
think the conquest of space may be a necessity for survival of the human species.We are tearing up more and more of the Earth to get raw materials for industry.
And we are polluting the air and water as we manufacture products that we need or want. Almost everything that seems to make our lives more comfortable, and from
electricity to pesticides, uses up or alters a piece of our planet’s natural environment.
Why Go into Space?
Yet our solar system is full of resources. The moon is chockfull of valuable metals. So are the asteroids, the small, rocky, planet like bodies orbiting the sun most of them between Mars and Jupiter. These metals, if we can get them, could be used to build factories and space stations.Also, in space, there is no atmosphere to filter out the sun’s energy. There is plenty of solar energy to be turned into electricity for manufacturing, for creating comfortable living conditions.
Getting away from Earth has other advantages, too. Modern industry uses manykinds of metal alloys (mixtures of metal that are better for certain purposes thanpure metals). Yet some metal alloys either can’t be made or are very expensive to make on Earth because of gravity. For instance, certain metals don’t mix well onEarth. But in zero gravity, molten (hot, liquid) metals mix more evenly. This is because there is no gravity to pull the heavier metals down, while the lighter ones float on top.
From space, too, we can look down on the Earth and study the atmosphere, its weather, and the effects of air pollution.
And because there is no strong gravity to break free from, our future homes away from Earth will be convenient starting points for travel to distant planets.
But, while going into space might solve some problems, outer space can also be a dangerous place. For example, in outer space, we have to protect ourselves from the dangers of ultraviolet light and cosmic rays. Ultraviolet light from the sun can give us bad sunburns right here on Earth. Yet, Earth’s atmosphere screens out most of that harmful radiation. Cosmic rays are tiny high energy particles from outer space. Again, the Earth shields us from most of them.
At Home in Space?
But in space, without special protection, we would be exposed to much stronger radiation from ultraviolet light and cosmic rays. Also, in the zero gravity of outer space, our bones will lose calcium and become weaker. This will be more of a problem the longer people stay out in space. Doctors are looking for a way to keep our bones from losing calcium in outer space. And a small spaceship just might “drive you batty” after a while. But even on a short trip in outer space, you might not feelas well as you’d like to. Space travel could make you seasick!
Yet, these risks won’t keep people from going into space. Eventually, an Earth like environment will be built in space. And they will be populated by people with many different interests: medicine, construction, farming, teaching, mining, and so on.
The next hundred years will be filled with other worldly adventures, exciting scientific discoveries, and danger, as humans leave Earth—perhaps forever.
Aging in Space
Suppose a space traveler is moving at a velocity of 186,200 miles per second.
For every hour that passes for him, 30 hours pass on Earth. If he travels for a year in this fashion (having accelerated instantaneously) and then turns around and comes back at this speed (having turned around instantaneously), he will find that while he has seemed to himself to have traveled two years, the men on Earth would claim he had been absent for 30 years.
Suppose the space traveler had left at the age of 30, leaving behind a twin brother also aged 30. When he returned he would be 32, but his stay at home twin
brother would be 60. That is why the “clock paradox”, is sometimes called the “twin paradox”.
Of course it takes quite a long while to accelerate to a high speed, and a long while to make a turn and head back again, so conditions aren’t quite as clear cut as just described.
1.The giant, spherical spaceship mentioned in the passage is.
［A］the outer space［B］a man made spaceship
［C］the planet Earth［D］the Star Wars mothe ship
2.Some persons have traveled into outer space after conquering within the past 25years.
［A］the universe［B］Earth’s gravity
［C］the earth［D］outer space
3.We have explored or sent robot spaceships to the following space except.
［A］the moon［B］Venus［C］Jupiter［D］Mars
4.Why is the conquest of space more than a great adventure?
［A］Because it is full of challenges for human beings.
［B］Because it may be necessary for human beings to survive.
［C］Because it is the greatest adventure in human history.
［D］Because it is more exciting than any other adventures.
5.The moon and the asteroids are alike with respect to their .
［A］size and moving ways［B］comfortable living conditions
［C］rich and valuable metals［D］solar energy
6.Why can’t ultraviolet light scorch our skin on Earth as seriously as it does in space places?
［A］Because the Earth’s atmosphere can make ultraviolet light less harmful.
［B］Because ultraviolet can’t reach the Earth at all.
［C］Because the Earth is far away from those planets radiating ultraviolet light.
［D］Because other space places is near from those planets radiating ultravioletlight.
7.In spite of many risks, scientists will finally build in space suitable for humans to live.
［A］an environment without ultraviolet light
［B］a lot of homes
［C］an Earth like environment
［D］an environment with atmosphere
8.The reason some metal alloys can’t be made on Earth is that the heavier metals together with the lighter ones.
9.In space, there is no atmosphere to filter out the sun’s energy. There is plenty
of solar energy to be turned into, for creating comfortable living conditions.
10.According to the author, will be caused to a man in gravity free space.
Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be askedabout what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］, and decide which is the best
answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
11.［A］Tennis equipment.
［B］Volleyball equipment.
［C］Football equipment.［D］Basketball equipment.
12.［A］He must meet his teacher.
［B］He must attend a class.
［C］He must go out with his girlfriend.
［D］He must stay at school to finish his homework.
13.［A］It’s not as good as it was.［B］It’s better than it used to be.
［C］It’s better than people say.［D］It’s even worse than people say.
14.［A］Because he doesn’t like football.
［B］Because Maria fell ill.
［C］Because he didn’t have the time.
［D］Because Maria can’t stand football.
15.［A］A temporary job.
［B］A permanent job.
［C］Some money for the vacation.
［D］Some money for the university fees.
16.［A］The woman did most of the talking.
［B］The man did most of the talking.
［C］The woman was wearing a black sweater.
［D］The man and the woman had dark hair.
17.［A］A sunny day. ［B］A raincoat.
［C］An attractive hut. ［D］A lovely hat.
18.［A］Librarian and student. ［B］Operator and caller.
［C］Boss and secretary.［D］Customer and repairman.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19.［A］The benefits of strong business competition.
［B］A proposal to lower the cost of production.
［C］Complaints about the expense of modernization.
［D］Suggestions concerning new business strategies.
20.［A］It costs much more than its worth.
［B］It should be brought up to date.
［C］It calls for immediate repairs.
［D］It can still be used for a long time.
21.［A］The personnel manager should be fired for inefficiency.
［B］A few engineers should be employed to modernize the factory.
［C］The entire staff should be retrained.
［D］Better educated employees should be promoted.
22.［A］Their competitors have long been advertising on TV.
［B］TV commercials are less expensive.
［C］Advertising in newspapers alone is not sufficient.
［D］TV commercials attract more investments.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23.［A］Searching for reference material.
［B］Watching a film of the 1930s’.
［C］Writing a course book.
［D］Looking for a job in a movie studio.
24.［A］It’s too broad to cope with. ［B］It’s a bit outdated.
［C］It’s controversial.［D］It’s of little practical value.
25.［A］At the end of the online catalogue.
［B］At the Reference Desk.
［C］In the New York Times.
［D］In the Reader’s Guide to Periodical Literature.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each
passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be
spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from
the four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］.Then mark the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26.［A］The liberation movement of British women.
［B］Rapid economic development in Britain.
［C］Changing attitudes to family life.
［D］Reasons for changes in family life in Britain.
27.［A］Because millions of men died in the war.
［B］Because women had proved their worth.
［C］Because women were more skillful than men.
［D］Because factories preferred to employ women.
28.［A］The concept of “the family”as a social unit.
［B］The attitudes to birth control.
［C］The attitudes to religion.
［D］The ideas of authority and tradition.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29.［A］Synthetic fuel. ［B］Solar energy.
［C］Alcohol.［D］Electricity.
30.［A］Air traffic conditions. ［B］Traffic jams on highways.
［C］Road conditions.［D］New traffic rules.
31.［A］Go through a health check. ［B］Take little luggage with them.
［C］Arrive early for boarding. ［D］Undergo security checks.
Passage Three
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32.［A］Washing plates. ［B］Clearing tables.
［C］Shining shoes. ［D］Sweeping the floor.
33.［A］He must work six days a week.
［B］He should never be late for work.
［C］He must study hard in his spare time.
［D］He should not bring his friends to the restaurant.
34.［A］To pay him for his work.
［B］To let him have 3 meals a day in the restaurant.
［C］To give his friends free drinks.
［D］To allow him to have more free time.
35.［A］Because the boy was not a full time worker.
［B］Because the boy had made some mistakes.
［C］Because he thought the boy had failed to meet his requirements.
［D］Because he thought it was his son who should pay him.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. Whenthe passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in you own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should
check what you have written. Americans are proud of the (36) achievements made in this country. Medical scientists have found cures and (37) for such diseases as polio and tuberculosis.
They have learned a great deal about (38) and heart disease. Many lives have been saved. American hospitals are the most modern and best (39) medical facilities in the world. But this degree of excellence has been expensive.
Medical costs in the United States are very high. There is a (40) health plan for
Americans. But there are many programs (41) for this purpose. Many people have
health plans at the companies where they work. Under these plans, the company pays
a fixed (42) of money regularly into a fund. Then when the (43) needs medical help,
he can use money from the fund to pay for it.
Other people have health insurance. (44) .In some medical plans, the insurance
company is also the medical institution. (45) .Then when they need medical treatment,
they go to the hospital without paying more money.
(46) . These programs make medical care available to those without their own health
insurance. Part ⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
There’s no question that the Earth is getting hotter. The real questions are: How
much of the warming is our fault, and are we 47 to slow the devastation by controlling
our insatiable 48 for fossil fuels?
Global warming can seem too 49 to worry about, or too uncertain something projected
by the same computer 50 that often can’t get next week’s weather right. On a raw
winter day you might think that a few degrees of warming wouldn’t be such a bad
thing anyway. And no doubt about it: Warnings about 51change can sound like an
environmentalist scare tactic, meant to force us out of our cars and restrict our
lifestyles.
Comforting thoughts, perhaps. Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some
discomforting news. From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world is heating
up right now, and fast. Globally, the 52is up 1°F over the past century, but some
of the coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. The results aren’t pretty.
Ice is 53, rivers are running dry, and coasts are 54, threatening communities.
The 55are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldn’t be out of mind, because
they are omens of what’s in store for the 56 of the planet.
［A］remote［B］techniques［C］consisting［D］rest［E］willing
［F］climate［G］skill［H］appetite［I］melting［J］vanishing
［K］eroding［L］temperature［M］curiosity［N］changes［O］skillful
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.
For some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature,and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by him and his society. On the other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own goals osuccess. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but if one has self confidence it would be unfortunateto set one’s goals at too low a level of achievement.A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success: “You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon inorder to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park, or riding the subway downtown,” The counselor added,
“You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have given your
best effort.”
57.In the first paragraph, the author implies that are essential in achieving
success.
［A］ability and goals ［B］goals and determination
［C］ability and environment ［D］goals and environment
58.The word “frugal”(Line 2, Para. 2) means.
［A］wealthy ［B］wasteful
［C］thrifty ［D］miserable
59.Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because.
［A］their life is miserable ［B］they do not live in peace
［C］their goals are too low ［D］they are not rich enough by their own standards
60.The last paragraph implies that.
［A］we should have high goals
［B］success means achieving great goals
［C］success means taking a walk in the park
［D］success means trying one’s best at what one really likes
61.This passage mainly talks about.
［A］the definition of success ［B］how to achieve success
［C］how to set goals ［D］the importance of goals
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great
mistake. Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the “l(fā)ook say”or “whole word”method of
teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively.
The whole word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaningof letters, thinking over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of familiar wordsover developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the self directed, “l(fā)earning how to learn”activities recommended by advocates (倡導(dǎo)者)of “open”classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before 1963, no major publisher put out anything but these “Run Spot Run”readers.
However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called “the great debate” in beginning reading. In his best seller Why Johnny Can’t Read, Flesch indicted(控
訴)the nation’s public schools for miseducating students by using the look say method. He said—and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed—that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics(語音學(xué)),is far superior.
Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply
recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step.
62.The author feels that counting on educators to teach reading correctly is .
［A］only logical and natural［B］the expected position
［C］probably a mistake ［D］merely effective instruction
63.The author indicts the look say reading approach because .
［A］it overlooks decoding［B］Rudolf Flesch agrees with him
［C］he says it is boring ［D］many schools continue to use this method
64.One major difference between the look say method of learning reading and the
phonics method is .
［A］look say is simpler［B］phonics takes longer to learn
［C］look say is easier to teach ［D］phonics gives readers access to far more
words
65.The phrase “touch off” (Line 1, Para.3) most probably means .
［A］talk about shortly ［B］start or cause
［C］compare with ［D］oppose
66.According to the author, which of the following statements is true?
［A］Phonics approach regards whole word method as unimportant.
［B］The whole word approach emphasizes decoding.
［C］In phonics approach, it is necessary and logical to employ decoding.
［D］Phonics is superior because it stresses the meaning of words thus the vast
majority of most common words can be learned. Part ⅤCloze(15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Methods of studying vary; what works 67 for some students doesn’t work at all for others. The only thing you can do is experiment 68 you find a system that does work for you. But two things are sure: 69 else can do your studying for you, and unless you do find a system that works, you won’t get through college. Meantime, there are a few rules that 70for everybody. The hint is “don’t get 71 ”.The problem of studying, 72 enough to start with, becomes almost 73 when you are trying to do three 74 in one weekend. 75 the fastest readers have trouble 76that. And if you are behind in written work that must be 77, the teacher who accepts it 78 late will probably not give you good credit. Perhaps he may not accept it 79. Getting behindin one class because you are spending so much time on another is really no 80. Feeling pretty virtuous about the seven hours you spend on chemistry won’t 81one bit if the history teacher pops a quiz. And many freshmen do get into trouble by spending too much time on one class at the 82 of the others, either because they like one class much better or because they find it so much harder that they think, they should83all their time to it. 84 the reason, going the whole work for one class and neglecting the rest of them is a mistake, if you face this 85, begin with the shortest and easiest 86. Get them out of the way and then go to the more difficult, time consuming work.
67.［A］good［B］easily
［C］sufficiently［D］well
68.［A］until［B］after
［C］while［D］so
69.［A］somebody［B］nobody
［C］everybody［D］anybody
70.［A］follow［B］go
［C］operate［D］work
71.［A］behind［B］after
［C］slow［D］later
72.［A］hardly［B］unpleasant
［C］hard［D］heavy
73.［A］improbable［B］necessary
［C］impossible［D］inevitable
74.［A］week’s work［B］weeks’works
［C］weeks’work［D］week’s works
75.［A］Even［B］Almost
［C］If［D］With
76.［A］to do［B］doing
［C］at doing［D］with doing
77.［A］turned in［B］tuned up
［C］turned out［D］given in
78.［A］very［B］quite
［C］such［D］too
79.［A］anyway［B］either
［C］at all［D］that
80.［A］solution［B］method
［C］answer［D］excuse
81.［A］help［B］encourage
［C］assist［D］improve
82.［A］expense［B］pay
［C］debt［D］charge
83.［A］devote［B］put
［C］spend［D］take
84.［A］Whichever［B］Whatever
［C］However［D］Wherever
85.［A］attraction［B］decision
［C］temptation［D］dilemma
86.［A］arrangements［B］way
［C］assignments［D］class
Part ⅥTranslation(5 minutes)
Direction: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
87.Not only (他向我收費太高)，but he didn’t do a good repair job either.
88.The murderer (混在人群當(dāng)中)with an attempt to shoot at the Prime Ministerwhenever he seized a chance.
89.The emergence of e commerce and the fast growing Internet economy are (為
中國的國內(nèi)外貿(mào)易提供了新的增長機(jī)遇).
90.That Canadian speaks Chinese (和他說英語一樣流利).
91.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was (忙著準(zhǔn)備) herexamination.
Key to Model Test Two
Part I Writing
【寫作思路】
本文要求寫一篇針對吸煙問題的議論文。要求寫出贊同禁止吸煙、反對禁止吸煙以及自己對
待這個問題的看法。
【參考范文】
Should Smoking Be Completely Banned?
Some people maintain that smoking should be completely banned. In their opinions,smoking is harmful not only to the smokers but also to the people around. Moreover,
smoking is a waste of money. When one smokes a cigarette, he/she is actually burning money.
Other people do not agree. They believe that smoking helps to sharpen one’s mind and prevents one from sleeping. And smoking does not seem to shorten one’s life
since many people who smoke live a long life. Also the government gets a lot of money from cigarette taxes.
In my view, everyone has the right to choose his/her own way of life, but one does not have the right to impose his/her way of life on other people. So smoking in public places should be banned but in some areas it can be allowed.
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
【全文翻譯】
我們都是太空游客。但是直到如今，我們?nèi)匀浑x家很近?？傆幸惶?，我們會離開我們的“母親船”——地球——在一些星球上安家落戶。
現(xiàn)在，一個直徑大約8,000 英里的巨大球形“宇宙飛船”正飛馳在太陽系中。其巡航速度簡直不可思議，每小時達(dá)66,600 英里。它不是《星球大戰(zhàn)》中的母親船這樣的龐然大物，而是地球這艘太空船，上面載有40 億人。這艘由水覆蓋的太空飛船一直在宇宙中遨游了大約50 億年。然而，就在過去的25 年里，有一些乘客擺脫了地球的重力。今后25 年，許多人，包括你，可能會生活在一個距離地球200 英里的軌道空間站上。空間城市科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)設(shè)計出特殊的空間工廠。這些工廠將充分利用無重力(零重力狀態(tài))來制造從挽救生命的藥物到完美的滾珠軸承的任何東西。其他科學(xué)家也設(shè)計出擁有農(nóng)場、學(xué)校和人造晝夜的太空居民區(qū)。成百上千、甚至成千上萬的人將會在這些遠(yuǎn)離地球的太空居民區(qū)生活、工作和玩耍。當(dāng)然我們對太空的征服已經(jīng)開始了。我們已經(jīng)登上了月球，把機(jī)器人宇宙飛船送上了金星和火星，展開了對木星和土星的空間探測。去年6 月，先鋒10 號機(jī)器人飛船飛出了太陽系，蘇聯(lián)和美國的宇航員也居住在了空間站。毫無疑問，征服太空是人類著手進(jìn)行的偉大的歷險之一，但它遠(yuǎn)不止是一個偉大的歷險?？茖W(xué)家們認(rèn)為，征服太空可能是人類生存的需要。為了獲得工業(yè)原料，我們對地球造成越來越多的壞。在生產(chǎn)我們所需或想要的產(chǎn)品時，我們污染了空氣和水。幾乎所有一切看起來使我們的生活更舒適的東西，從電能到殺蟲劑，都部分地消耗或改變了地球的自然環(huán)境。為什么要進(jìn)入太空?我們的太陽系資源豐富。月球上儲藏著大量的貴重金屬，位于火星和木星之間的大多數(shù)小行星也如此。這些小行星類似行星，圍繞著太陽旋轉(zhuǎn)，體積小、巖石多。如果我們能獲得這些金屬，可以用它們來制造工廠和空間站。此外，太空中沒有能過濾太陽能的空氣，可以把豐富的太陽能轉(zhuǎn)變成電能并用于生產(chǎn)，從而創(chuàng)造舒適的生活條件。遠(yuǎn)離地球還有其他一些優(yōu)點?，F(xiàn)代工業(yè)使用多種金屬合金(符合特定目的而比純金屬更好的金屬混合物)，但是受地心引力的作用，有些金屬合金或者不能在地球上制造，或者價格非常昂貴。例如，某些金屬在地球上不能融合。但是，在零重力狀態(tài)下，熔化的（熱的、液態(tài)的）金屬融合的更均勻，原因是沒有使較重金屬下沉而較輕金屬上浮的重力。此外，我們可以從太空中俯視地球，究大氣、天氣和空氣污染帶來的影響。再者，我們未來遠(yuǎn)離地球的家不存在需要掙脫的強(qiáng)大重力，所以我們?nèi)ミb遠(yuǎn)行星的旅游將變得很方便。雖然進(jìn)住太空可能會解決一些問題，但是外層空間也可能會是一個危險的地方。例如，在外層空間中，我們必須保護(hù)自己免受紫外線和宇宙射線的危險。雖然陽光中的紫外線會使我們遭受嚴(yán)重的日光灼傷，但是地球上的大氣卻可以遮擋大部分的這種有害輻射。而且，地球還可以保護(hù)我們避免遭受大部分來自外層空間的高能微粒這些宇宙射線的傷害。無拘無束的太空？如果在太空中沒有特殊的保護(hù)，我們會暴露在更強(qiáng)的紫外線和宇宙射線的輻射中。同時，在零重力的外層空間，我們的骨頭會因為失鈣而變得更加脆弱。人們在太空中待的時間越久，這個問題就越嚴(yán)重。醫(yī)生們正在研究一種方法，以避免我們骨頭中的鈣在外層空間丟失。在小宇宙飛船中坐一會兒可能“讓你抓狂”。 在外層空間，即使是短暫的旅行，你也可能感覺不像想象的那樣舒服，太空旅行能讓你暈船!然而，這些風(fēng)險不會阻止人們進(jìn)入太空。人們終將會在太空建立起跟地球一樣的空間環(huán)境，其中居住著許多人，他們有不同的興趣領(lǐng)域，例如醫(yī)藥、建筑、農(nóng)業(yè)、教學(xué)和礦山等等。未來的百年間將充滿歷險、令人興奮的科學(xué)發(fā)明和危險，人類也將離開地球——可能永遠(yuǎn)地。
空間的年齡計算
假設(shè)一個太空旅行者的速度是每秒186,200 英里，那么他每過1 小時，就等同于地球上的30 小時。如果他以這種方式（及時加速）旅游一年，然后以同樣的速度（及時加速）轉(zhuǎn)身返回，他會發(fā)現(xiàn)，自己看來好像旅游了兩年，但地球上的人聲稱他已經(jīng)離開了三十年。假設(shè)這個太空旅行者是在30 歲時離開地球的，當(dāng)時留下了一個年齡30 歲的孿生兄弟。當(dāng)他年滿32 歲回來的時候，其待在家里的孿生兄弟卻60 歲了。這就是為什么“時鐘佯謬”有時也被稱為“孿生佯謬”的原因。當(dāng)然，要加速到一定的高速度需要相當(dāng)長的一段時間，要掉頭并再次轉(zhuǎn)回來也需要很長的一段時間，所以情況并不像描述的那么簡單。
【答案解析】
1.【解析】［C］屬細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干的意思，本文中提到的巨大的球形宇宙飛船是指什么？根據(jù)本文第一個小標(biāo)題下的第二段首句“A giant, spherical “spaceship”, about8,000 miles...”和第三段的首句“It’s not a giant, Star Wars mother ship. It’s spaceship Earth...”，其中的“it”指代的就是“a giant, spherical ‘spaceship’”，由此可以知道C 項是正確答案。其他選項雖然在文中均有提及，但都不是該題的正確答案。
2.【解析】［B］屬細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干中的past 25 years 是關(guān)鍵詞，直接定位到第一個小標(biāo)題下第三段的后一句話“Only within the past 25 years, ... its passengers brokenfree of Earth’s gravity”。通過比較可知，該題干是對原句的改寫，答案應(yīng)該是B，可以直接選擇。其他選項原文中都有提及，但是與該題均無關(guān)，不是正確答案。
3.【解析】［C］屬同義轉(zhuǎn)換題，注意本是一種排除性選擇題。分析題干，本題考查人類還沒有征服或者探索過的空間；或者，根據(jù)題支中的四個備選項，可以將該題的答案定位在小標(biāo)題“Space Cities”下的第三段的后一句話，“We have explored part of the Moon, sentrobot spaceships onto the surface of Venus and Mars, and aimed space probes pastthe planets of Jupiter and Saturn”，可知C 是正確答案。其他選項文中均有提及，都是人類已經(jīng)征服或者探索過的空間，不是正確答案。
4.【解析】［B］屬同義轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵詞“more than a great adventure”，可以將答案鎖定在文章小標(biāo)題“Space Cities”下的第五段的后兩句話，“... more than a greatadventure... may be a necessity for survival of the human species”。其中，第二句是對第一句的解釋，而題支B 正是該句的同義互換，所以答案選B 項。其他選項在文中均未提及。
5.【解析】［C］屬細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干中 是“asteroids” 關(guān)鍵詞，答案可以鎖定在文章小標(biāo)題“Why Go into Space”之下的第一段的第二、三句話“The moon is chockfull of valuablemetals. So are the asteroids...”。其so”表示后面與前句話的內(nèi)容相同。題干對這兩句話做了綜合，并進(jìn)行了同義互換，經(jīng)推斷可知C 是正確答案。答案A 文中沒有提及，答案B 和D 均與題干要求不符。
6.【解析】［A］屬同義轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵詞“ultraviolet light”，答案可以鎖定在文章小標(biāo)題“Why Go into Space”下的后一段的倒數(shù)第三、四句話，“Ultraviolet lightfrom the sun can give us bad sunburns right here on Earth. Yet, Earth’s atmospherescreens out most of that harmful radiation”這與選項A 的意思一致，所以答案選A項。選項B 本身就是錯誤的，選項C 和D 在文中均沒有提及。
7.【解析】［C］屬同義轉(zhuǎn)換題。題干中的“risks”是關(guān)鍵詞，可以將答案定位在“At Homein Space”這一小節(jié)下的第二段的前兩句話，“Yet, these risks won’t keep people fromgoing into space. Eventually, an Earth like environment will be built in space”。題干是對這兩句話的綜合和同義互換，由此可知選項C 是正確答案。其他選項原文均未提及。
8.【解析】do not mix well 根據(jù)Why Go into Space 中的第二段的第三、四句話，可以得到我們所需要的答案。
9.【解析】electricity for manufacturing 根據(jù)Why Go into Space 的第一段得出該題目答案。
10.【解析】the losing of calcium 根據(jù)At Home in Space 第一段第四句話找出題目所需要的答案。也可以寫為the loss of calcium。 Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A
11.W:It’s high time we increased our supplies of football equipment. Volleyballand tennis are both out of fashion.
M:I couldn’t agree more.
Q:Which should they increase?
【解析】［C］ 女士說是時候該增加足球設(shè)備的供應(yīng)了，排球和網(wǎng)球都過時了。男士說我再
同意不過了。本題關(guān)鍵是聽懂It’s high time 和out of fashion 這兩個固定短語。
12.W:John, do you want to go swimming with me today?
M:Sure, but I can’t leave now. I have an appointment with my professor at 3 o’
clock.
Q:Why can’t John go swimming now?
【解析】［A］ 男士說他三點與他的老師有個會面。I have an appointment with my professor
at 3 o’clock.從這句可以得出答案。
13.M:Is this school really as good as people say?
W:It used to be even better.
Q:How’s the school?
【解析】［A］ 男士問這座學(xué)校真的像人們說的那樣好么。女士回答說它過去更好些。因此，
即是說這座學(xué)校不如過去好了，從這得出對這座學(xué)校的評價。
14. W:Did you watch the game yesterday?
M:I wanted to, but Marie was watching a movie on Channel 5, so I watched it with
her.You know Marie, she can’t stand football.
Q:Why didn’t the man watch the game?
【解析】［D］本題關(guān)鍵在于聽出瑪麗亞受不了足球這句 You know Maria, she can’t stand
football.因此，男士雖然本想看球賽的，但是瑪麗亞在看五頻道的一個電影，他就跟她一
起看了那個電影。
15.M:Good morning, I’m Jim Green. My father asked me to come over and see you about a vacation job.
W:Oh, come in, Jim. I haven’t seen you for ages. I hear you’re at the university
now.
Q: What does Jim want?
【解析】［A］ 男士說他父親叫他來這兒問關(guān)于一個假期工作的事。女士說她很久都沒見到他了，她聽說他現(xiàn)在上大學(xué)呢。這個叫吉姆的男士還是學(xué)生，他想找個假期的兼職做。因此，他想找的是一份暫時的工作。
16.M:Could you describe the two people who robbed the bank?
W:Well, the man was tall with dark hair and he was wearing a black sweater. The main
thing that I remembered about the woman was that she did most of the talking.
Q:What do you learn from this conversation?
【解析】［A］ 男士問能否形容一下?lián)尳巽y行的兩個人的外貌。女士說那個男的個子高，深色頭發(fā)，穿一件黑色毛衣，關(guān)于那個女的主要就是搶劫時她說的話比較多。The main thingthat I remembered about the woman was that she did most of the talking.從這句中可以得出答案。
17.M:Is that nice looking straw hat light and strong?
W:Yes, you can wear it rain or shine.
Q: What are they talking about?
【解析】［D］ 這句關(guān)鍵在于聽出nice looking straw hat 一頂非常好看的草帽，可以得出兩人討論的是一頂好看的帽子lovely hat。
18.W:How long will it take you to fix my watch?
M:I’ll call you when it’s ready. But it shouldn’t take longer than a week.
Q:What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
【解析】［D］ 女士問修好我的手表要多長時間，男士說修好的時候他會打電話給她，但是不會花一個多星期的時間。從這個對話里可以看出說話者之間是顧客和修表人之間的關(guān)系。
Now you’ll hear two long conversations.
Conversation One
W: Hello, Gary. How’re you?
M: Fine! And yourself?
W:Can’t complain. Did you have time to look at my proposal?
M: No, not really. Can we go over it now?
W:Sure.I’ve been trying to come up with some new production and advertisingstrategies. First of all, if we want to stay competitive, we need to modernize ourfactory. New equipment should have been installed long ago.
M: How much will that cost?
W:We have several options ranging from one hundred thousand dollars all the way up
to half a million.
M:OK.We’ll have to discuss these costs with finance.
W: We should also consider human resources. I’ve been talking to personnel as well
as our staff at the factory.
M: And what’s the picture?
W:We’ll probably have to hire a couple of engineers to help us modernize the factory.
M: What about advertising?
W: Marketing has some interesting ideas for television commercials.
M:TV? Isn’t that a bit too expensive for us? What’s wrong with advertising in the
papers, as usual?
W:Quite frankly, it’s just not enough anymore.We need to be more aggressive in order
to keep ahead of our competitors.
M: Will we be able to afford all this?
W:I’ll look into it, but I think higher costs will be justified.These investments
will result in higher profits for our company.
M:We’ll have to look at the figures more closely.Have finance draw up a budget for
these investments.
W: All right.I’ll see to it.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. What are the two speakers talking about?
【解析】［D］ 女士問Did you have time to look at my proposal? 你有時間看看我的建議么。聽完全文，可見是一個關(guān)于新的商業(yè)計劃的提案，因此正確答案是Suggestions
concerning new business strategies.
20. What does the woman say about the equipment of their factory?
【解析】［B］ 女士說New equipment should have been installed long ago.即早就該給工廠裝新的設(shè)備了。所以正確答案為工廠應(yīng)該引進(jìn)新的設(shè)備。
21.What does the woman suggest about human resources?
【解析】［B］女士說We’ll probably have to hire a couple of engineers to help usmodernize the factory.女士建議雇用一些工程師幫助實現(xiàn)工廠的現(xiàn)代化。所以正確答案應(yīng)
是 B 項：A few engineers should be employed to modernize the factory.
22. Why does the woman suggest advertising on TV?
【解析】［C］ 從女士的話it’s just not enough anymore.We need to be more aggressivein order to keep ahead of our competitors 中可看出，僅僅在報紙上做廣告是不夠的了。
Conversation Two
W:Sir, you’ve been using the online catalogue for quite a while.Is there anything
I can do to help you?
M:Well, I’ve got to write a paper about Hollywood in the 30s and 40s, and I’m reallystruggling.There are hundreds of books, and I just don’t know where to begin.
W:Your topic sounds pretty big.Why don ’ t you narrow it down to somethinglike...uh...the history of the studios during that time?
M:You know, I was thinking about doing that, but more that 30 books came up when
I typed in “movie studios.”
W:You could cut that down even further by listing the specific years you want.Tryadding “1930s” or “1940s” or maybe “Golden Age.”
M:“Golden Age” is a good idea.Let me type that in ...Hey, look, just 6 books thistime.That’s a lot better.
W:Oh...another thing you might consider...have you tried looking for any magazineor newspaper articles?
M: No, I’ve only been searching for books.
W:Well, you can look up magazine articles in the Reader’s Guide to Periodical Literature.And we do have the Los Angeles Times available over there.You might go through their indexes to see if there’s anything you want.
M:Okay, I think I’ll get started with these books and then I’ll go over the magazines.
W:If you need any help, I’ll be over at the Reference Desk.
M: Great, thanks a lot.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23.What is the man doing?
【解析】［A］ 男士準(zhǔn)備寫一篇關(guān)于20 世紀(jì)三、四十年代好萊塢電影的論文，他現(xiàn)在正在檢索所需要的參考書，所以答案是“他在搜尋參考材料”。
24. What does the librarian think of the topic the man is working on?
【解析】［A］ 此題關(guān)鍵在于聽出女士，即這位圖書館員說：Your topic sounds pretty big.Why don’t you narrow it 她認(rèn)為這位男士的題目太大，因此答案應(yīng)為It’s too broad to cope
with.
25. Where can the man find the relevant magazine articles?【解析】［D］ 本題在聽力原文中可直接找出答案。女圖書館員說Well, you can look up magazine articles in the Reader’s Guide to Periodical Literature.因此男士可以在Reader’s Guide to Periodical
Literature 找到相關(guān)的雜志文章。
Section B
Passage One
There are many reasons why family life in Britain has changed so much in the lastfifty years.The liberation of women in the early part of the twentieth century andthe social and economic effects of World War II had a great impact on traditional family life.Women became essential to industry and the professions.During the war
they had worked in factories and proved their worth, now, with the loss of millions of men, their services were indispensable to the nation.
More recently, great advances in scientific knowledge, and particularly in medicine,have had enormous social consequences.Children are better cared for and are far
healthier.Infant death rate is low.Above all, parents can now plan the size of their family if they wish through more effective means of birth control.
Different attitudes to religion, authority and tradition generally have also greatly contributed to changes in family life.But these developments have affected all aspects of society.It is particularly interesting to note that the concept of “the family” as a social unit has survived all these challenges.
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26.What is this passage mainly about?【解析】［D］ 短文第一句就點出了文章的主
旨，There are many reasons why family life in Britain has changed so much in the
last fifty years.即主要講了英國家庭生活變化的諸多原因。
27.Why did British women become indispensable to industry after World War II?
【解析】［A］ 為什么英國婦女二戰(zhàn)之后在工業(yè)上起著不可或缺的作用？During the war theyhad worked in factories and proved their worth, now, with the loss of millions ofmen, their services were indispensable to the nation.從這兩句話中可得出答案，由于戰(zhàn)爭中成千上萬的男子犧牲了，因此女子必須承擔(dān)起勞動的重任。
28.What remained unchanged in spite of all the challenges in family life?【解
析】［A］ 雖然文中花了大量篇幅介紹英國人家庭生活變化的種種原因。但本題的答案出現(xiàn)在文章后一句，即It is particularly interesting to note that the concept of “thefamily” as a social unit has survived all these challenges.
Passage Two
In the next few decades people are going to travel very differently from the way they do today.Everyone is going to drive electrically powered cars.So in a few yearspeople won’t worry about running out of gas.Some of the large automobile companies are really moving ahead with this newtechnology.F & C Motors, a major auto company, for example, is holding a pressconference next week.At the press conference the company will present its new,electronically operated models.
Transportation in the future won’t be limited to the ground.Many people predict that traffic will quickly move to the sky.In the coming years, instead of radio reports about road conditions and highway traffic, news reports will talk about traffic jams in the sky.
But the sky isn’t the limit.In the future, you’ll probably even be able to take a trip to the moon. Instead of listening to regular airplane announcements, you’ll hear someone say, “The spacecraft to the moon leaves in ten minutes.Please check your equipment.And remember, no more than ten ounces of carry on baggage are allowed.”
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29.What will be used to power cars in the next few decades?
【解析】［D］ 以后的數(shù)十年汽車用什么作能源，Everyone is going to drive electrically powered cars.每個人都將用上電力驅(qū)動的車，因此將用電作能源。
30.What will future news reports focus on when talking about transportation?
【解析】［A］本題也可在聽力材料中直接聽出答案。In the coming years, instead of radio reports about road conditions and highway traffic, news reports will talk about traffic jams in the sky.未來的新聞報道在談到交通狀況時將主要報道空中的交通狀況。
31. What is the special requirement for passengers traveling to the moon?
【解析】［B］ 從短文后的announcement 提醒去往月球旅行的乘客：And remember, no morethan ten ounces of carry on baggage are allowed，只能帶不超過十盎司的隨身行李，因此，對于去月球旅行的旅客的特殊要求就是Take little luggage with them.
Passage Three
My parents ran a small restaurant.The restaurant was open 24 hours a day, seven days a week.And my first job when I was six years old was shining shoes for customers.My
duties increased as I grew older.By age ten I was clearing tables and washing plates.My father made it clear that I had to meet certain standards.I had to be ontime, hard working and polite to the customers.I was never paid for any work I did.One day I made a mistake of telling Dad I thought he should give me 10 pounds a week.He said, “OK, then how about you paying me for the three meals a day when you eat here and for the times you bring in your friends for free drinks.” He figured I owed him about 40 pounds a week.This taught me quite a lot.
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. What was the speaker’s job before he was 10 years old?
【解析】［C］男孩的工作就是給顧客擦皮鞋。
33.What was one of the requirements laid down by the boy’s father?
【解析】［B］從這一句I had to be on time 中可知他工作不能遲到。
34.What did the boy ask his father to do one day?
【解析】A 男孩認(rèn)為爸爸應(yīng)該付他工錢I thought he should give me 10 pounds a week.
35.Why did the boy’s father refuse to pay him?
【解析】［D］ 因為父親認(rèn)為 it was his son who should pay him。
Section C
36.【答案】medical
【解析】medical 意為“醫(yī)學(xué)的”?？v觀全文可知此處應(yīng)填medical，美國人對本國所達(dá)到
的醫(yī)學(xué)成就倍感驕傲。
37. 【答案】prevention
【解析】prevention 意為“預(yù)防、防止”。醫(yī)學(xué)家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)預(yù)防和治療腦灰質(zhì)炎以及肺結(jié)核
的方法。
38. 【答案】cancer
【解析】cancer 意為“癌癥”。他們對癌癥和心臟病做了大量研究。
39. 【答案】equipped
【解析】equip 意為“裝備、配備”。美國的醫(yī)院是現(xiàn)代化的，配備有世界上好的醫(yī)療
設(shè)備。
40. 【答案】national
【解析】national 意為“國家的”。美國有一個全民健康計劃。
41. 【答案】available
【解析】available 意為“可用到的，可利用的”。為了這個全民健康目的美國有許多項目
計劃。
42.【答案】sum
【解析】sum 意為“一筆(金額)”a sum of money 是固定搭配。公司定期付一筆款項到這
個基金里。
43. 【答案】employee
【解析】employee 意為“職員、雇員”。當(dāng)職員需要就醫(yī)，他可以從這個基金里拿錢付醫(yī)療
費用。
44.【答案】They pay insurance premiums each month to insurance companies which then pay for medical expenses when they are needed
45.【答案】People regularly pay the hospital directly
46. 【答案】The government has health insurance programs for older people, poor people and those with long term illness Part ⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)
Section A
【全文翻譯】
毫無疑問，地球正變得越來越熱。但是，真正的問題是：氣候變暖的程度是我們的錯，我們愿意通過控制我們對礦石燃料無止境的欲望來減緩地球變暖嗎？全球氣候變暖似乎離我們太遙遠(yuǎn)，以至于我們無需為此擔(dān)心；或者太難以確定，我們無法用計算機(jī)技術(shù)來測定，同樣的計算機(jī)技術(shù)往往難以正確地預(yù)報下周的天氣情況。在一個陰冷的冬日，你可能會覺得，變暖幾度無論如何也不是件糟糕的事情。毫無疑問，氣候變化的警告聽上去就像一個環(huán)保主義者的恐嚇策略，迫使我們遠(yuǎn)離汽車，限制我們的生活方式。這些也許是安慰的想法。然而，不幸的是，地球給我們帶來一些不安的消息。從阿拉斯加到安第斯山的雪峰，全球都在快速升溫。上個世紀(jì)，全球溫度上升了1 華氏度，但是有些冷、偏遠(yuǎn)的地方卻遠(yuǎn)不止如此。這些結(jié)果非常不妙。冰層正在融化，河流正在干枯，海岸正在受侵蝕，我們的社區(qū)正在受到威脅。很大程度上，這些正在發(fā)生的變化處于我們的視野之外。但是，他們不應(yīng)該被忽視，因為他們預(yù)示著地球的其他地方將會發(fā)生什么樣的情況。
【答案解析】
47.【解析】［E］此處應(yīng)填入E 項，be willing to 為固定搭配。
48.【解析】［H］此處應(yīng)填入一個名詞，而appetite 通常和介詞for 搭配，此處句子的意思
為控制我們無止境的欲望。
49.【解析】［A］此處應(yīng)填入一個形容詞，根據(jù)上下文意思應(yīng)選A 項，意即:全球氣候變暖似
乎離我們太遙遠(yuǎn)，以至于我們無需為此擔(dān)心。
50.【解析】［B］此處應(yīng)填入一個名詞，而與computer 搭配的名詞在選項中根據(jù)上下文意
思B 為正確選項。
51.【解析】［F］根據(jù)上下文意思此處應(yīng)表達(dá)氣候變化之意，因此F 為正確選項。
52.【解析】［L］該題較為簡單，表示“上個世紀(jì)全球的氣溫上升了1 華氏度”，應(yīng)能迅速找
出正確答案。
53.【解析】［I］顯然ice 與melt 搭配，因此I 為正確選項。
54.【解析】［K］此處應(yīng)填入一個現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“海岸受到侵蝕”，因此應(yīng)選K 項。
55.【解析】［N］該題較為簡單，應(yīng)填入一個復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以填入N 項。
56.【解析】［D］選D 項，the rest of 為固定搭配。
Section B
Passage One
【全文翻譯】
定義成功有許多不同的方法。準(zhǔn)確地說，我們每個人都有自己的成功理念。在某種程度上，我們每個人都有責(zé)任設(shè)定自己的目標(biāo)，確定我們是否能滿意地實現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)。在遺傳能力以及適合這些遺傳能力表達(dá)的環(huán)境方面，我們每個人都具有獨特的差異性，所以毫無疑問地我們必須從廣泛的意義上來界定成功。
對于一些人來說，只要沒有太大的苦難，能夠活著，就是一種成功。牧羊人雖然貧窮，卻心態(tài)平靜。他在美麗的大自然中牧羊，與家人一起過著儉樸的生活。他之所以受人尊敬，是因為他有一份不錯的工作，并為實現(xiàn)自己和社會所期望的目標(biāo)而努力奮斗。另一方面，盡管有些人擁有大量的物質(zhì)財富，但其中的許多人看起來很痛苦。他們認(rèn)為自己沒有成功，因為他們沒有實現(xiàn)自己的成功目標(biāo)。并不是所有的事業(yè)都能獲得成功，所以一個人不應(yīng)該為了獲得
成功而設(shè)立不切實際的目標(biāo)；但是，對于一個有自信的人來說，如果設(shè)定的成功目標(biāo)過低，也是一件極其不幸的事情。一位成功的職業(yè)咨詢師曾經(jīng)對一名正在經(jīng)歷挫折的年輕人說過：“即使為了獲得成功的旅行，你也沒有必要把月球旅行設(shè)定為你的旅行目標(biāo)。有時候，僅僅是在公園里散步，或者乘坐地鐵去市區(qū)，也可以讓一個人獲得成功?！彼f，“只有你在為自己真正喜歡的東西付出全心的努力后卻仍未能獲得成功，你才是真的失敗了，才是真的失去了成功的機(jī)會?！?BR> 【答案解析】
57.【解析】［C］細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段，作者表明要獲得成功，能力和環(huán)境是很基本的條件。見文章第一段第三句話，“Because each of us possesses ...genetic ability and favorable environments ...”由于我們每個人的天生能力和后天成長環(huán)境的不同„„由此可知，C 為正確答案。
58.【解析】［C］詞匯題。“frugal”這個詞的意思是節(jié)儉的，樸素的。見第二段第二句，“...the poor shepherd who ...enjoys his frugal life ...”通過下文提到的擁有財富的人的對
比，可以推測出該詞的意思是節(jié)儉樸素的。
59.【解析】［D］細(xì)節(jié)題。有些富人并不覺得他們成功，因為以他們自己的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)他們還不夠富。見文章第二段第三句，“On the other hand ...many of them ...consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own goals of success”根據(jù)他們自己的目標(biāo)來判斷，他們并不認(rèn)為自己是成功的，由此可知D 為正確答案。
60.【解析】［D］細(xì)節(jié)題。文章后一段表明，成功意味著盡自己所能做自己喜歡的事情。見文章后一句，“You have not really failed ...for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like ...”在你沒有盡全力做自己喜歡的事而失敗之前，你的失敗都不算真正的失敗, 由此可推斷出作者暗示成功就是盡全力做自己喜歡的事，所以D 為正確答案。
61.【解析】［A］主旨題。這篇文章主要談的是成功的定義。文章第一句話就是全文的主題句，每個人對成功的定義不同。接下來的幾段也都是從不同的角度定義成功，所以A 為正確答案。
Passage Two
【全文翻譯】
從一開始就教孩子閱讀是小學(xué)重要的任務(wù)，但是依靠教育者正確地處理這個任務(wù)會犯重大錯誤。許多學(xué)校仍繼續(xù)使用被證明是無效的教學(xué)方法。教授如何開始閱讀的“看與說”或者“全詞”教學(xué)法具有強(qiáng)制力，這也許是有效指導(dǎo)閱讀失敗的好例子。全詞閱讀方法強(qiáng)調(diào)單詞的含義超過強(qiáng)調(diào)字母的含義，考慮把拼寫和讀音的關(guān)系用于閱讀，發(fā)展認(rèn)識熟悉單詞的能力超過發(fā)展認(rèn)識不熟悉單詞讀音的能力。它適合于教室“開放” 的倡導(dǎo)者們所推薦的自我指導(dǎo)的、“學(xué)習(xí)如何學(xué)習(xí)”的活動，也符合孩子們必須發(fā)展地準(zhǔn)備開始閱讀的理念。1963 年以前的出版物都是教授使用全詞閱讀方法的。然而，在1955 年，Rudolf Flesch 點燃了開始閱讀中的“偉大辯論”。在他的暢銷書《為什
么約翰尼不能閱讀》中，F(xiàn)lesch 控訴公立學(xué)校使用“看與說”的方法對學(xué)生進(jìn)行錯誤的教育。他說，另外一種建立在語音學(xué)基礎(chǔ)上的開始閱讀的方法要好得多。后來，Jeane Chall 和
Rovert Dykstra 證明了它是一種更學(xué)術(shù)性的學(xué)習(xí)方法。首先，系統(tǒng)語音教孩子們 把字母和字母組合與讀音聯(lián)系在一起。然后，教他們?nèi)绾伟堰@些讀音組合起來說話。它傳授給孩子們一種規(guī)則，通過這種規(guī)則可以學(xué)會英語中絕大多數(shù)常見單詞的發(fā)音，而不是把記憶中相對有限的單詞堆積在一起。語音學(xué)并不是貶低思考單詞和句子意義的重要性，它只是承認(rèn)把拼寫和讀音的關(guān)系用于閱讀是合乎邏輯的、必要的第一步。
【答案解析】
62.【解析】［C］細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的線索是第一段的第二句話，其中的relying on educators與題干中的counting on educators 是相同的意思。
63.【解析】［A］細(xì)節(jié)題。作者先在第一段的后一句說“l(fā)ook say”或“whole word”的閱讀教學(xué)方法是失敗的，第二段分析了這種方法失敗的原因，是因為它“stresses themeaning of words over the meaning of letters, thinking over decoding ...”。
64.【解析】［D］推斷題。文章在后一段談到了phonics method 的特點和好處，本題線索見該段的第二句話“Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary ofmemorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majorityof the most common words in the English language can be learned”，可見這種方法能
使學(xué)習(xí)者獲得更大的詞匯量。
65.【解析】［B］詞義題。本題要求利用上下文猜測單詞的意思。根據(jù)第二段的后一句，在1963 年以前，出版的東西都是教授使用whole word 的方法的，緊接著用了轉(zhuǎn)折詞however，說在1955 年，Rudolf Flesch “touched off”一場爭論，因此此處的touch off必然是“引起”的意思。
66.【解析】［C］推斷題。本題要求有較好的綜合能力才能做得既快又準(zhǔn)。從第二段中綜合出whole word 閱讀方法的特點：強(qiáng)調(diào)單詞的意思，沒有decoding；由此即可知B、D 是錯的；在文章的后一句話，作者指出Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences，所以A 也是不對的。 Part ⅤCloze
【全文翻譯】
學(xué)習(xí)的方法大不相同，對一些學(xué)生有效的方法對其他人不一定起作用。你能做的就是要進(jìn)行實驗，直到找到一個適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法。但是有兩件事是肯定的：沒有人能替你學(xué)習(xí)，而且如果你找不到適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法，你就不會通過大學(xué)考試。同時，還有一些對每個人都起作用的規(guī)則，例如“不要落后”。學(xué)習(xí)的問題是，一開始的時候是非常難的，而當(dāng)你嘗試在一周內(nèi)完成三周的事情時則變得幾乎不可能。即使是好的讀者也難以完成。如果你沒
有按時完成必須上交的書面任務(wù)，交的太遲，老師大概不會給你打個高分，也許他根本就不接受它。在其他科目上花費太多的時間不是你在某個科目上落后的真正借口。在化學(xué)上花費七個小時感到非常有效，卻對歷史考試毫無幫助。許多大一新生的確陷入了困境，他們以犧牲其他課程為代價而在一門課程上花費了太多的時間，這要么因為他們喜歡一門課程超過其他各門課程，要么因為他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這門課程非常難，所以他們認(rèn)為應(yīng)該在這門課程上付出自己全部的時間。不管什么原因，對某門課程全力以赴而忽視其余的課程是不正確的。如果你面對這種誘惑，應(yīng)該從短、容易的課程開始入手。完成它們后，再去學(xué)習(xí)更困難的、費時的課程.
【答案解析】
67.【解析】［D］well 是副詞，good 是形容詞，所以A 不可。此處要與后面的doesn’t work
at all 形成對比，而B、C 沒有對比的作用。
68.【解析】［A］此句的意思是你一直進(jìn)行嘗試，直到找到適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法。因而此處的連詞要表達(dá)“直到”的意思。
69.【解析】［B］線索是空格后的else，兩個詞連起來表示“(除了你自己)，別的任何人都不能„„”。
70.【解析】［D］ work 常用于抽象的意義，表示起作用的意思。請參照第一句中的動詞。
71.【解析】［A］ get (fall, be) behind 等都表示落后的意思，根據(jù)上下文，顯然是說，我們在學(xué)習(xí)上不要落后。
72.【解析】［C］此處要求填一個形容詞，A 可排除。又根據(jù)上下文，可以理解出這句話的意思應(yīng)該是：學(xué)習(xí)的問題是，一開始的時候是非常難的，而當(dāng)你想在一周內(nèi)完成三周的事情
時則變得幾乎是不可能的。這時談的是難度的問題，因此選其他的答案是不合適的。如果直接解此題有困難，可以先做后面的題。
73.【解析】［C］根據(jù)從句中的意思來判斷本題的答案。要在一周內(nèi)做三周的事，毫無疑問，應(yīng)當(dāng)說這是幾乎不可能的。
74.【解析】［C］表面考的是所有格的用法，實際上考的是名詞的數(shù)。三周肯定是復(fù)數(shù)，week必須是復(fù)數(shù)形式；work 是不可數(shù)名詞。答案就一目了然了。
75.【解析】［A］本題考查的是篇章詞匯。解題也有兩種方法。第一種方法從篇章的角度著手，承接上面一段，說的是學(xué)習(xí)的困難，在這里顯然是說“即使”是讀得快的人也有困難，選A 順理成章。第二種方法從句法著手。這一一個簡單句，顯然不能填連詞和介詞，C、明顯錯誤。單就本句來說，選almost 也是不能的。
76.【解析】［B］ have trouble 后要求接動名詞。
77.【解析】［A］ turn in 的意思是“交上去，上交”，其他的選項是：turn up 出現(xiàn)； turnout 出來，結(jié)果是；give in 讓步。
78.【解析】［D］此處表示“過晚”之意，用too。
79.【解析】［C］考查常用句型not ...at all。
80.【解析】［D］這一句及其下一句是說因為你在別的科花的時間太多而在另一科落后，前者不是后者的理由。所以此處要選表示“借口、理由”意思的詞，即excuse。
81.【解析】［A］表示籠統(tǒng)的“有用”的動詞是help。
82.【解析】［A］ at the expense of 的意思是“以„„為代價”。
83.【解析】［A］注意后面的介詞to，所以這是一個固定搭配。
84.【解析】［B］考查句型“What is the reason that ...”。
85.【解析】［C］前面所說的明顯是一種誘惑，所以要選temptation。
86.【解析】［D］前面說的是上某課的事，所以選class。
Part Ⅵ Translation
87.【答案】did he charge me too much / did he overcharge me
88.【答案】mingled with the crowds
89.【答案】providing new growth opportunities for China’s foreign and domestic trade
90.【答案】as fluently as he speaks English
91.【答案】busy preparing for