181The following appeared as an editorial in a health magazine.
"Clormium 5 is an odorless, tasteless, and generally harmless industrial by-product that can enter the water supply. A preliminary study has linked cooking with water containing clormium 5 to an increased incidence of allergies and skin rashes. Tests of the drinking water in several areas have revealed the presence of clormium 5. Although it is possible to remove clormium 5 from water, the costs of routine testing and purification are higher than many communities can afford. Therefore, in order to prevent allergies and skin rashes, communities that cannot afford to rid their drinking water of clormium 5 should replace drinking fountains in public buildings, such as schools and libraries, with bottled-water coolers."
182Allergies are an overreaction of the immune system to certain stimuli. One view is that allergies can develop as the result of childhood exposure to certain irritants, such as dust or animal dander, while the immune system is not yet mature. Another view is that exposure to particular bacteria early in childhood actually triggers the proper development of the immune system, and that limiting exposure to these bacteria through excessive hygiene can cause children's immune systems to overreact to certain irritants later on. A new study supports the second view: children who are washed especially frequently and whose parents clean their homes especially frequently are more likely to develop allergies than are other children. So in order to reduce the incidence of allergies in children and adults, parents should not limit children's exposure to irritants or bacteria.
183The following appeared in a letter to an editor.
"In many countries, wood is the primary fuel used for heating and cooking, but wood smoke can cause respiratory and eye problems, and extensive use of wood causes deforestation, a major environmental problem. In contrast, charcoal, made by partially burning wood in a controlled process, is a fuel that creates less smoke than wood does. Moreover, although charcoal costs slightly more than wood, less charcoal is needed to produce the same amount of heat. Therefore, people who use wood as their primary fuel can, without experiencing economic hardship, switch to charcoal and can thereby improve their health and preserve the environment."
184The following appeared in a memo from the business manager of Medicine, Inc., a local drugstore.
"Most business analysts for the drugstore industry have stated that even when a nation's economy is weak, drugstores' profits are unlikely to decline appreciably. While consumers might put off some kinds of purchases when the economy is slow, prescription and over-the-counter drug purchases are dictated by consumers' health needs, which are independent of the economy. Therefore, Medicine Inc. is likely to continue to have increasing profits and should plan to open an additional drugstore next year."
185The following appeared in a memo written by the head of the Gorham School.
"Our school cafeteria should make changes in the lunches that it serves in order to improve the health of our students. Several teachers and I have observed that students who eat these meals tend to eat the main course and the dessert, but seldom finish the vegetable portion. This pattern means that students are missing the vital nutritional benefits of fruits and vegetables, which are typically rich in vitamins and minerals. Therefore, the school cafeteria should serve larger fruit and vegetable portions along with smaller main course and dessert portions. This change will be effective because, according to research conducted at the Rose Children's Hospital, children eat the same amount of food served to them — about 55 percent, on average — no matter what the main course is."
186The following appeared in the letter to an editor of a Myrian newspaper.
"Under Governor Winslow's leadership over the past four years, Myria has enjoyed unprecedented prosperity. Average wage increases this year are higher than they have been at any time since the 1970's, the number of people who report being unemployed has decreased by 10 percent, and construction of new homes is up by one third. In contrast, over the past four years Governor Winslow's opponent, Mr. Homer, has been mayor of a city in which only a small number of new businesses have opened. If Myrians want another four years like the past four years, they should reelect Governor Winslow."
187The following appeared in a memo from a member of the Clark City School Board.
"Mason Elementary School is faced with a shortage of classroom space. At the same time, parents in our district are increasingly expressing the desire to see improvements in their children's reading abilities. Therefore, we should reduce the number of physical education classes at Mason Elementary and convert part of the gymnasium to class-room space. The school will gain the additional space for classrooms without the cost of extending the building and can use the time that students would have spent in physical education classes to provide more reading instruction. This plan will lead to improvements in students' reading skills."
188The following appeared in a memo to managers of Christine's, a chain of craft stores. "Several major newspapers have recently run articles noting an increased interest in pottery. The number of potters in this country has risen by eighteen percent in the past five years, and pottery is particularly gaining popularity on college campuses. In order to take advantage of these trends, Christine's should immediately begin carrying a larger volume of pottery supplies. Since several of our stores have recently experienced a decrease in sales of painting supplies, all store managers should reallocate shelf space from the painting area for the display of pottery. Stores should display posters showing pottery that is designed to appeal to college-age individuals. These actions will undoubtedly increase our profits dramatically." 189The following appeared in a newsletter about health published in the country of Sauria. "According to Sauria's leading nutritional experts, a diet high in complex carbohydrates, and low in fat is optimal for good health and longevity. Because this was the diet of the people who lived in ancient Sauria, one would expect them to have had long and healthy lives. Yet the mummified remains of Sauria's ruling classes from two to three thousand years ago show the existence of many medical problems among the ancient Saurians, including dental problems, elevated blood pressure, obesity, heart disease, and early mortality. Clearly, the diet of the ancient Saurians was responsible for these problems. The high incidence of high blood pressure, obesity, and heart disease in Sauria today even among those who have tried low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets further proves that Sauria's leading nutritional experts are wrong." 190The following appeared in a newspaper published in the state of Celera. "Speed limits on our state's highways should be eliminated in order to increase our state's prosperity. Because greater speed means more efficient travel, commercial deliveries will be faster, increasing business profits. Elimination of speed limits will also make driving more attractive to motorists, so that more people will use the highways, providing more highway toll revenues for the state. At the same time, safety on our highways will not be affected: daytime speed limits were eliminated last year in the western states of our country, and no significant increase in the number of accidents in these states has been reported." 181 Clormium 5是一種能夠進(jìn)入供水系統(tǒng)的無(wú)臭無(wú)味且基本無(wú)害的工業(yè)副產(chǎn)品。一項(xiàng)初步調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)用含有Clormium 5的水做飯與過(guò)敏和皮炎發(fā)病率的增加有關(guān)。在一些地區(qū)對(duì)于飲用水的檢測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)了Clormium 5的存在。盡管我們可以從水中除去Clormium 5，日常檢測(cè)和凈化的花費(fèi)要高于很多社區(qū)所能承受的值。因此，為防止過(guò)敏和皮炎，那些負(fù)擔(dān)不起從水中除去Clormium 5的花費(fèi)的社區(qū)應(yīng)該把公共建筑比如學(xué)校和圖書(shū)館的飲水龍頭替換成瓶裝水冷卻器。
182過(guò)敏是免疫系統(tǒng)對(duì)某種刺激的過(guò)度反應(yīng)。一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為過(guò)敏可能會(huì)由于兒童時(shí)期免疫系統(tǒng)還不成熟的時(shí)候接觸了某種刺激物比如灰塵或動(dòng)物皮屑而導(dǎo)致。另一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為幼年時(shí)接觸特定的細(xì)菌實(shí)際上能促進(jìn)免疫系統(tǒng)的正常發(fā)育，通過(guò)過(guò)度的衛(wèi)生手段切斷與這些細(xì)菌的接觸將會(huì)導(dǎo)致兒童的免疫系統(tǒng)以后將對(duì)某種刺激物反應(yīng)過(guò)度。一項(xiàng)新的研究支持了第二種觀點(diǎn)：洗澡過(guò)于頻繁的兒童和其父母打掃房間過(guò)于頻繁的兒童比其他兒童更容易患過(guò)敏癥。因此為減少兒童和成人過(guò)敏發(fā)病率，家長(zhǎng)不應(yīng)該限制兒童對(duì)刺激物或細(xì)菌的接觸。
183在很多國(guó)家，木材是取暖和做飯的主要燃料，但燃燒木材產(chǎn)生的煙能夠?qū)е潞粑篮脱鄄考不?，而且過(guò)度使用木材會(huì)導(dǎo)致林木資源枯竭這一嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境問(wèn)題。相比而言，通過(guò)一種受控制的流程使木材不充分燃燒而產(chǎn)生的木炭是一種產(chǎn)生的煙霧比木材少的多的燃料。而且，盡管木炭比木材稍微貴一些，但產(chǎn)生同等熱量所需的木炭比較少。因此，仍以木材為主要燃料的人們可以不會(huì)有任何經(jīng)濟(jì)障礙地轉(zhuǎn)向木炭，因而能夠提高他們的健康水平并保護(hù)環(huán)境。
184多數(shù)藥品商店的商業(yè)分析師指出即使當(dāng)一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷的時(shí)候，藥店的利潤(rùn)也不太可能明顯下降。經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條時(shí)消費(fèi)者可能放棄某些物品的消費(fèi)，而處方藥和非處方藥的消費(fèi)由消費(fèi)者的健康需求決定，而這不取決于經(jīng)濟(jì)。因此，Medicine Inc.很可能繼續(xù)保持盈利的增長(zhǎng)，并且應(yīng)該計(jì)劃在來(lái)年開(kāi)設(shè)一家新藥店。
185我們的學(xué)校食堂應(yīng)該對(duì)于它所提供的午餐服務(wù)進(jìn)行改革來(lái)提高我們學(xué)生的健康。一些教師和我觀察到在這里吃午餐的學(xué)生傾向于吃主菜和甜食，但很少把蔬菜吃完。這一習(xí)慣意味著學(xué)生沒(méi)有攝取到水果和蔬菜的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分，這通常包含有大量維生素和礦物質(zhì)。因此，學(xué)校食堂應(yīng)該提供更大分量的水果和蔬菜并減少主菜和甜食的量。這種改革將會(huì)十分有效，因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)Rose Children's Hospital所作的研究，不論主菜是什么，兒童都將會(huì)吃掉同等數(shù)量的所提供的食物--平均而言大約55%。
186過(guò)去四年中在州長(zhǎng)Winslow的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，Myria經(jīng)歷了空前的繁榮。今年平均工資提高，而且比1970年以來(lái)的任何一年都要高，報(bào)告失業(yè)的人數(shù)下降了10%，新住房的建造增加了三分之一。相比之下，過(guò)去四年中Winslow的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手Homer出任了另一個(gè)市的市長(zhǎng)，那個(gè)城市只開(kāi)展了很少的新型商業(yè)。如果Myria的居民希望未來(lái)四年和過(guò)去四年一樣，他們就應(yīng)該再次選舉Winslow。
187 Mason小學(xué)面臨著教室空間短缺的問(wèn)題。同時(shí)，我們區(qū)的家長(zhǎng)對(duì)于看到他們的孩子閱讀能力提高的愿望越來(lái)越強(qiáng)烈。因此，我們應(yīng)該減少M(fèi)ason小學(xué)體育課的數(shù)量，把部分體育場(chǎng)館改造成教室。學(xué)校無(wú)需花費(fèi)資金擴(kuò)建校舍就可以獲得更多的教室空間，并且可以把學(xué)生原本花在體育課的時(shí)間用于提供更多的閱讀課程。這一計(jì)劃將會(huì)帶來(lái)學(xué)生閱讀能力的提高。
188一些大報(bào)近刊登文章指出對(duì)于陶器興趣的增長(zhǎng)。過(guò)去五年中全國(guó)陶工的數(shù)量增加了18%，并且陶器在大學(xué)校園得到了特殊的青睞。為利用這一潮流，Christine's應(yīng)該馬上開(kāi)始提供大量陶器。由于我們的若干商店近繪畫(huà)的銷(xiāo)量下降，所有的店主都應(yīng)該重新安排貨架空間，把繪畫(huà)的貨架用于展示陶器。商店應(yīng)該張貼能夠吸引在校年齡人群的陶器的招貼畫(huà)。這些舉措無(wú)疑將會(huì)顯著增加我們的盈利。
189根據(jù)Sauria的權(quán)威營(yíng)養(yǎng)專(zhuān)家的看法，碳水化合物含量高而脂肪含量低的飲食對(duì)于健康和長(zhǎng)壽是為有利的。由于古代Sauria的居民所吃的就是這類(lèi)飲食，我們可以推測(cè)他們應(yīng)該健康而且長(zhǎng)壽。然而一兩千年前Sauria統(tǒng)治階級(jí)的木乃伊殘骸顯示古代Sauria人存在很多疾病，包括牙齒疾患，高血壓，肥胖，心臟病和早夭。顯然，古代Sauria人的飲食是這些疾患的原因。今天Sauria那些既便嘗試了低脂肪高碳水化合物飲食的人中也存在的高血壓，肥胖和心臟病的較高發(fā)病率進(jìn)一步證明了Sauria權(quán)威營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家是錯(cuò)誤的。
190本州高速公路的限速應(yīng)該被取消以促進(jìn)本州的繁榮。由于更高的速度意味著更高效的交通，商業(yè)物流將會(huì)更快捷，從而增加商業(yè)利潤(rùn)。限速的取消同樣也會(huì)使駕駛對(duì)于司機(jī)更有吸引力，因而更多的人將會(huì)使用高速公路，為本州帶來(lái)更多的路費(fèi)收入。同時(shí)，高速路的安全并不會(huì)受到影響：本國(guó)西部州去年取消了白天的限速，那些州上報(bào)的事故數(shù)量并沒(méi)有顯著增加。
182過(guò)敏是免疫系統(tǒng)對(duì)某種刺激的過(guò)度反應(yīng)。一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為過(guò)敏可能會(huì)由于兒童時(shí)期免疫系統(tǒng)還不成熟的時(shí)候接觸了某種刺激物比如灰塵或動(dòng)物皮屑而導(dǎo)致。另一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為幼年時(shí)接觸特定的細(xì)菌實(shí)際上能促進(jìn)免疫系統(tǒng)的正常發(fā)育，通過(guò)過(guò)度的衛(wèi)生手段切斷與這些細(xì)菌的接觸將會(huì)導(dǎo)致兒童的免疫系統(tǒng)以后將對(duì)某種刺激物反應(yīng)過(guò)度。一項(xiàng)新的研究支持了第二種觀點(diǎn)：洗澡過(guò)于頻繁的兒童和其父母打掃房間過(guò)于頻繁的兒童比其他兒童更容易患過(guò)敏癥。因此為減少兒童和成人過(guò)敏發(fā)病率，家長(zhǎng)不應(yīng)該限制兒童對(duì)刺激物或細(xì)菌的接觸。
183在很多國(guó)家，木材是取暖和做飯的主要燃料，但燃燒木材產(chǎn)生的煙能夠?qū)е潞粑篮脱鄄考不?，而且過(guò)度使用木材會(huì)導(dǎo)致林木資源枯竭這一嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境問(wèn)題。相比而言，通過(guò)一種受控制的流程使木材不充分燃燒而產(chǎn)生的木炭是一種產(chǎn)生的煙霧比木材少的多的燃料。而且，盡管木炭比木材稍微貴一些，但產(chǎn)生同等熱量所需的木炭比較少。因此，仍以木材為主要燃料的人們可以不會(huì)有任何經(jīng)濟(jì)障礙地轉(zhuǎn)向木炭，因而能夠提高他們的健康水平并保護(hù)環(huán)境。
184多數(shù)藥品商店的商業(yè)分析師指出即使當(dāng)一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷的時(shí)候，藥店的利潤(rùn)也不太可能明顯下降。經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條時(shí)消費(fèi)者可能放棄某些物品的消費(fèi)，而處方藥和非處方藥的消費(fèi)由消費(fèi)者的健康需求決定，而這不取決于經(jīng)濟(jì)。因此，Medicine Inc.很可能繼續(xù)保持盈利的增長(zhǎng)，并且應(yīng)該計(jì)劃在來(lái)年開(kāi)設(shè)一家新藥店。
185我們的學(xué)校食堂應(yīng)該對(duì)于它所提供的午餐服務(wù)進(jìn)行改革來(lái)提高我們學(xué)生的健康。一些教師和我觀察到在這里吃午餐的學(xué)生傾向于吃主菜和甜食，但很少把蔬菜吃完。這一習(xí)慣意味著學(xué)生沒(méi)有攝取到水果和蔬菜的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分，這通常包含有大量維生素和礦物質(zhì)。因此，學(xué)校食堂應(yīng)該提供更大分量的水果和蔬菜并減少主菜和甜食的量。這種改革將會(huì)十分有效，因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)Rose Children's Hospital所作的研究，不論主菜是什么，兒童都將會(huì)吃掉同等數(shù)量的所提供的食物--平均而言大約55%。
186過(guò)去四年中在州長(zhǎng)Winslow的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，Myria經(jīng)歷了空前的繁榮。今年平均工資提高，而且比1970年以來(lái)的任何一年都要高，報(bào)告失業(yè)的人數(shù)下降了10%，新住房的建造增加了三分之一。相比之下，過(guò)去四年中Winslow的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手Homer出任了另一個(gè)市的市長(zhǎng)，那個(gè)城市只開(kāi)展了很少的新型商業(yè)。如果Myria的居民希望未來(lái)四年和過(guò)去四年一樣，他們就應(yīng)該再次選舉Winslow。
187 Mason小學(xué)面臨著教室空間短缺的問(wèn)題。同時(shí)，我們區(qū)的家長(zhǎng)對(duì)于看到他們的孩子閱讀能力提高的愿望越來(lái)越強(qiáng)烈。因此，我們應(yīng)該減少M(fèi)ason小學(xué)體育課的數(shù)量，把部分體育場(chǎng)館改造成教室。學(xué)校無(wú)需花費(fèi)資金擴(kuò)建校舍就可以獲得更多的教室空間，并且可以把學(xué)生原本花在體育課的時(shí)間用于提供更多的閱讀課程。這一計(jì)劃將會(huì)帶來(lái)學(xué)生閱讀能力的提高。
188一些大報(bào)近刊登文章指出對(duì)于陶器興趣的增長(zhǎng)。過(guò)去五年中全國(guó)陶工的數(shù)量增加了18%，并且陶器在大學(xué)校園得到了特殊的青睞。為利用這一潮流，Christine's應(yīng)該馬上開(kāi)始提供大量陶器。由于我們的若干商店近繪畫(huà)的銷(xiāo)量下降，所有的店主都應(yīng)該重新安排貨架空間，把繪畫(huà)的貨架用于展示陶器。商店應(yīng)該張貼能夠吸引在校年齡人群的陶器的招貼畫(huà)。這些舉措無(wú)疑將會(huì)顯著增加我們的盈利。
189根據(jù)Sauria的權(quán)威營(yíng)養(yǎng)專(zhuān)家的看法，碳水化合物含量高而脂肪含量低的飲食對(duì)于健康和長(zhǎng)壽是為有利的。由于古代Sauria的居民所吃的就是這類(lèi)飲食，我們可以推測(cè)他們應(yīng)該健康而且長(zhǎng)壽。然而一兩千年前Sauria統(tǒng)治階級(jí)的木乃伊殘骸顯示古代Sauria人存在很多疾病，包括牙齒疾患，高血壓，肥胖，心臟病和早夭。顯然，古代Sauria人的飲食是這些疾患的原因。今天Sauria那些既便嘗試了低脂肪高碳水化合物飲食的人中也存在的高血壓，肥胖和心臟病的較高發(fā)病率進(jìn)一步證明了Sauria權(quán)威營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家是錯(cuò)誤的。
190本州高速公路的限速應(yīng)該被取消以促進(jìn)本州的繁榮。由于更高的速度意味著更高效的交通，商業(yè)物流將會(huì)更快捷，從而增加商業(yè)利潤(rùn)。限速的取消同樣也會(huì)使駕駛對(duì)于司機(jī)更有吸引力，因而更多的人將會(huì)使用高速公路，為本州帶來(lái)更多的路費(fèi)收入。同時(shí)，高速路的安全并不會(huì)受到影響：本國(guó)西部州去年取消了白天的限速，那些州上報(bào)的事故數(shù)量并沒(méi)有顯著增加。