221The following appeared in a health newsletter.
"A ten-year nationwide study of the effectiveness of wearing a helmet while bicycling indicates that ten years ago, approximately 35 percent of all bicyclists reported wearing helmets, whereas today that number is nearly 80 percent. Another study, however, suggests that during the same ten-year period, the number of accidents caused by bicycling has increased 200 percent. These results demonstrate that bicyclists feel safer because they are wearing helmets and they take more risks as a result. Thus, to reduce the number of serious injuries from bicycle accidents, the government should concentrate more on educating people about bicycle safety and less on encouraging or requiring bicyclists to wear helmets."
222The following is a memo from the president of Cyberell Computer Company.
"All of our customer-service employees recently attended a two-day retreat during which they received retraining in effective customer service. Subsequently, Cyberell's employee-performance study showed that the retreat benefited new employees — those who have worked with Cyberell for less than two years — far more than it did experienced employees. According to the study, after the retreat new employees were able to handle an average of ten percent more calls per hour, and the total number of customer complaints about new employees decreased, but experienced employees showed little improvement in these areas. Therefore, Cyberell should send only new employees to future retreats and should use the resulting savings to double the length of the retreats so that the retreats will be more likely to yield optimum employee performance."
223The following appeared in the Pine City Gazette.
"Fifteen years ago, Pine City launched an electricity-conservation program that reimbursed residents some of the cost for replacing energy-wasteful motors, home office equipment, and home appliances with energy-efficient ones. For ten years, spending on this program increased annually, and annual total energy consumption declined. But spending on the program began to decline five years ago, and since then Pine City's total electricity consumption has increased sharply. If this increased usage continues, the city will have to build a costly new power plant. Obviously the best way to avoid this expense is to increase reimbursement to residents for replacing energy-wasteful equipment. This will reduce energy usage to the levels of five years ago."
224The following appeared in a health newsletter.
"Eating a heavy meal may increase the risk of heart attack. A recent survey of 2,000 people who had had a heart attack revealed that 158 of them said they had eaten a heavy meal within 24 hours before their heart attack, and 25 of them said they had eaten a heavy meal within 2 hours before their heart attack. Eating and digesting food releases hormones into the bloodstream and temporarily increases heart rate and blood pressure slightly. Both of these things put stress on the heart. Therefore, people who are at risk of having a heart attack can lower that risk by not overeating."
225The following is a memo from the business manager of National Daily News.
"To expand the home delivery service of our national newspaper, we should concentrate on the state of Urba rather than on the state of Sylva. First, the population of Sylva is more widely dispersed, which would require us to spend more money to deliver our papers in that area, resulting in less profit per customer. Second, a long-term study of television viewing habits suggests that Sylvans prefer local to national news, since they spend twice as much time viewing local news programs as they do viewing national programs. Finally, because events in Urba receive more coverage in our newspaper than do events in Sylva, we can expect Urbans to be more interested in reading our newspaper."
226The following is a recommendation from the president of Appleby College.
"Whereas Appleby College holds class reunions every five years, Edelston College holds annual reunions for all classes, during which Edelston's alumni are treated to banquets, lectures, and student performances, enhancing their loyalty to the college and their willingness to donate money. Edelston College receives most of its alumni donations during or shortly after these reunions. Therefore, the best way for Appleby to increase its alumni donations is to offer similar reunion activities and to have each graduating class hold annual reunions."
227The following appeared in a health magazine.
"It has long been believed that getting at least eight hours of sleep a night is good for health. But a recent six-year study of adult sleeping habits found that people who reported sleeping eight or more hours a night had a higher rate of certain health problems than did those who reported sleeping seven hours a night. People who reported sleeping five hours a night also had an increased rate of the health problems, but this increase was slight compared to that for people who reported sleeping eight or more hours a night. Clearly, people should try to get seven hours of sleep, and they should worry more about getting too much sleep than too little."
228The vice president for human resources at Climpson Industries sent the following recommendation to the company's president.
"In an effort to improve our employees' productivity, we should implement electronic monitoring of employees' Internet use from their workstations. Employees who use the Internet from their workstations need to be identified and punished if we are to reduce the number of work hours spent on personal or recreational activities, such as shopping or playing games. By installing software to detect employees' Internet use on company computers, we can prevent employees from wasting time, foster a better work ethic at Climpson, and improve our overall profits."
229The following appeared in an editorial in the Garden City Gazette.
"To address the parking problems in our downtown business district, it has been proposed that the city increase parking capacity by building a four-story parking garage. However, this project would cost more than it would to improve the downtown pedestrian plaza. Because the pedestrian plaza is an important attraction that draws people to the downtown area, improvements to it will increase business for downtown merchants. The merchants' higher profits will ultimately produce increased tax revenues for the city. Therefore, we should invest in the plaza improvements first and then use the revenues thus generated to pay for the construction of the parking garage."
230The following appeared in the Sherwood Times newspaper.
"A recent study reported that pet owners have longer, healthier lives on average than do people who own no pets. Specifically, dog owners tend to have a lower incidence of heart disease. In light of these findings, Sherwood Hospital should form a partnership with Sherwood Animal Shelter to institute an 'adopt-a-dog' program. The program would encourage dog ownership for patients recovering from heart disease, which will help reduce medical costs by reducing the number of these patients needing ongoing treatment. In addition, the publicity about the program will encourage more people to adopt pets from the shelter, which will reduce the risk of heart disease in the general population."
221一項為期十年的對于在騎自行車時戴頭盔的作用的研究顯示，10年前，所有騎車人中大約有35%報告說他們戴頭盔，現(xiàn)在這個比例接近80%。然而另外一項調(diào)查顯示在相同的十年期間，因騎車引起的事故數(shù)量增加了200%。這些結(jié)果說明騎車人因為戴著頭盔而感到更安全，因而導(dǎo)致他們面臨更大的危險。因此，為減少自行車事故中嚴(yán)重傷害的數(shù)量，政府應(yīng)該更多地對人們加強(qiáng)自行車安全的教育，并提供鼓勵或要求騎車人戴頭盔的課程。
222我們所有的客戶服務(wù)人員近參加了為期兩天的進(jìn)修，進(jìn)修期間他們接受了關(guān)于有效的客戶服務(wù)方面的再訓(xùn)練。結(jié)果，Cyberell的員工績效考察發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)修對于新員工--即那些在Cyberell工作不到兩年的員工--的作用遠(yuǎn)大于對老員工的作用。根據(jù)這次考察，進(jìn)修之后新員工平均每小時能夠多應(yīng)答10%的電話，而客戶對于新員工的投訴總量下降了，但老員工在這些方面的提高很小。因此，Cyberell應(yīng)該只把新員工送去參加未來的進(jìn)修，并應(yīng)該把因此而節(jié)省的開支用于把進(jìn)修的時間加倍，這樣的話進(jìn)修將會導(dǎo)致更好的員工績效
223 15年前，Pine City實施了一項節(jié)電措施，該措施給予市民一定的補(bǔ)償用于把能耗大的電機(jī)、家用辦公設(shè)備和家用電器更換為節(jié)能的型號。在開始的十年，在這項措施上的支出每年都在增加，而每年的總用電量下降了。但在這項措施上的支出在五年前開始減少，并且從那以后Pine City的總用電量急劇上升。如果這種用量上升的勢頭持續(xù)下去，城市將必須修建一座昂貴的新的發(fā)電廠。顯然避免這項開支的好辦法就是增加對居民更換大能耗設(shè)備的補(bǔ)償。這將把能源消耗降低到五年前的水平。
224每頓飯食量過大會增加患心臟病的危險。近一項對于2000名曾經(jīng)患心臟病的人調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，其中有158人說在患心臟病前的24小時之內(nèi)吃過一頓量很大的飯，其中有25人說在患心臟病前兩小時之內(nèi)吃過量很大的飯。食用和消化食物將會向血液中釋放荷爾蒙，并暫時輕微增加心率和血壓。這些都會增加心臟的壓力。因此，那些有患心臟病危險的人可以通過避免飲食過量而減少這種危險。
225為擴(kuò)展我們國家報紙的家庭遞送服務(wù)，我們應(yīng)該集中力量于Urba州而不是Sylva州。首先，Sylva的人口分布得更加分散，這要求我們在這個州遞送報紙的時候要花更多的錢，從而導(dǎo)致每個客戶的平均利潤減少。其次，一項長期的對于觀看電視的習(xí)慣的研究表明，Sylva的居民相對于國家新聞而言更喜歡看地方新聞，因為他們用于觀看地方新聞節(jié)目的時間是觀看國家節(jié)目的兩倍。后，由于Urba州的事件在我們報紙上所占的版面要多于Sylva的事件，我們可以預(yù)計Urba的居民對于我們的報紙會更感興趣。
226 Appleby學(xué)院每五年舉行班級同學(xué)聚會，而Edelston學(xué)院的所有班級每年舉行聚會，并且在聚會上Edelston的校友可以參加宴會、講座和學(xué)生表演，這提高了他們對學(xué)校的感情以及他們給母校捐款的愿望。Edelston學(xué)院的大部分校友捐款是在聚會期間或之后很短時間內(nèi)獲得的。因此，Appleby增加校友捐款的好途徑就是組織類似的聚會活動，并且讓每個畢業(yè)班級組織一年一度的聚會。
227長期以來人們相信每天睡眠至少8小時是有利于健康的。但是近對于成年人睡眠習(xí)慣的為期6年的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些報告說每天睡眠8小時或以上的人某些健康問題的發(fā)生率比那些報告說每天睡7小時的人高。報告說每天睡5小時的人健康問題發(fā)生率也高，但和報告8小時睡眠的人相比比較輕微。顯然，人們應(yīng)該盡量每天睡7小時，并且相對于睡眠不足來說，他們更應(yīng)該避免睡眠過量。
228為提高我們的員工的生產(chǎn)效率，我們應(yīng)該在員工的終端上加裝電子監(jiān)控來監(jiān)視員工對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的使用。如果我們要減少用于私人以及娛樂活動，比如購物或玩游戲的工作時間，在終端上使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的員工必須要被確認(rèn)并且受到懲罰。通過在公司電腦上安裝檢測員工使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的軟件，我們可以防止員工浪費時間，并培養(yǎng)Climpson更好的工作氛圍，以及提高我們的整體利潤。
229為解決我們鬧市商業(yè)區(qū)的停車問題，曾有提案提出建造一幢4層停車樓來增加車位。然而，這一方案的花費要比改善鬧市步行廣場的花費多。由于步行廣場是把人們吸引到鬧市區(qū)的重要因素，對于它的改善將會促進(jìn)鬧市的商業(yè)。更多的商業(yè)利潤將終增加城市稅收。因此，我們應(yīng)該首先投資于廣場改造，然后用它產(chǎn)生的收入來建造停車樓。
230一項近的研究報告說養(yǎng)寵物的人平均而言比不養(yǎng)寵物的人活得更長更健康。特別是，養(yǎng)狗的人心臟病發(fā)病率更低。根據(jù)這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，Sherwood醫(yī)院應(yīng)該和Sherwood動物收養(yǎng)所合作建立一個"收養(yǎng)狗"的計劃。這一計劃將會鼓勵正在治療心臟病的患者養(yǎng)狗，這將通過減少這些患者接受治療的次數(shù)而減少醫(yī)療費用。而且，對于這一計劃的宣傳將鼓勵更多的人從收養(yǎng)所領(lǐng)養(yǎng)寵物，這將減少整體人群患心臟病的危險。
"A ten-year nationwide study of the effectiveness of wearing a helmet while bicycling indicates that ten years ago, approximately 35 percent of all bicyclists reported wearing helmets, whereas today that number is nearly 80 percent. Another study, however, suggests that during the same ten-year period, the number of accidents caused by bicycling has increased 200 percent. These results demonstrate that bicyclists feel safer because they are wearing helmets and they take more risks as a result. Thus, to reduce the number of serious injuries from bicycle accidents, the government should concentrate more on educating people about bicycle safety and less on encouraging or requiring bicyclists to wear helmets."
222The following is a memo from the president of Cyberell Computer Company.
"All of our customer-service employees recently attended a two-day retreat during which they received retraining in effective customer service. Subsequently, Cyberell's employee-performance study showed that the retreat benefited new employees — those who have worked with Cyberell for less than two years — far more than it did experienced employees. According to the study, after the retreat new employees were able to handle an average of ten percent more calls per hour, and the total number of customer complaints about new employees decreased, but experienced employees showed little improvement in these areas. Therefore, Cyberell should send only new employees to future retreats and should use the resulting savings to double the length of the retreats so that the retreats will be more likely to yield optimum employee performance."
223The following appeared in the Pine City Gazette.
"Fifteen years ago, Pine City launched an electricity-conservation program that reimbursed residents some of the cost for replacing energy-wasteful motors, home office equipment, and home appliances with energy-efficient ones. For ten years, spending on this program increased annually, and annual total energy consumption declined. But spending on the program began to decline five years ago, and since then Pine City's total electricity consumption has increased sharply. If this increased usage continues, the city will have to build a costly new power plant. Obviously the best way to avoid this expense is to increase reimbursement to residents for replacing energy-wasteful equipment. This will reduce energy usage to the levels of five years ago."
224The following appeared in a health newsletter.
"Eating a heavy meal may increase the risk of heart attack. A recent survey of 2,000 people who had had a heart attack revealed that 158 of them said they had eaten a heavy meal within 24 hours before their heart attack, and 25 of them said they had eaten a heavy meal within 2 hours before their heart attack. Eating and digesting food releases hormones into the bloodstream and temporarily increases heart rate and blood pressure slightly. Both of these things put stress on the heart. Therefore, people who are at risk of having a heart attack can lower that risk by not overeating."
225The following is a memo from the business manager of National Daily News.
"To expand the home delivery service of our national newspaper, we should concentrate on the state of Urba rather than on the state of Sylva. First, the population of Sylva is more widely dispersed, which would require us to spend more money to deliver our papers in that area, resulting in less profit per customer. Second, a long-term study of television viewing habits suggests that Sylvans prefer local to national news, since they spend twice as much time viewing local news programs as they do viewing national programs. Finally, because events in Urba receive more coverage in our newspaper than do events in Sylva, we can expect Urbans to be more interested in reading our newspaper."
226The following is a recommendation from the president of Appleby College.
"Whereas Appleby College holds class reunions every five years, Edelston College holds annual reunions for all classes, during which Edelston's alumni are treated to banquets, lectures, and student performances, enhancing their loyalty to the college and their willingness to donate money. Edelston College receives most of its alumni donations during or shortly after these reunions. Therefore, the best way for Appleby to increase its alumni donations is to offer similar reunion activities and to have each graduating class hold annual reunions."
227The following appeared in a health magazine.
"It has long been believed that getting at least eight hours of sleep a night is good for health. But a recent six-year study of adult sleeping habits found that people who reported sleeping eight or more hours a night had a higher rate of certain health problems than did those who reported sleeping seven hours a night. People who reported sleeping five hours a night also had an increased rate of the health problems, but this increase was slight compared to that for people who reported sleeping eight or more hours a night. Clearly, people should try to get seven hours of sleep, and they should worry more about getting too much sleep than too little."
228The vice president for human resources at Climpson Industries sent the following recommendation to the company's president.
"In an effort to improve our employees' productivity, we should implement electronic monitoring of employees' Internet use from their workstations. Employees who use the Internet from their workstations need to be identified and punished if we are to reduce the number of work hours spent on personal or recreational activities, such as shopping or playing games. By installing software to detect employees' Internet use on company computers, we can prevent employees from wasting time, foster a better work ethic at Climpson, and improve our overall profits."
229The following appeared in an editorial in the Garden City Gazette.
"To address the parking problems in our downtown business district, it has been proposed that the city increase parking capacity by building a four-story parking garage. However, this project would cost more than it would to improve the downtown pedestrian plaza. Because the pedestrian plaza is an important attraction that draws people to the downtown area, improvements to it will increase business for downtown merchants. The merchants' higher profits will ultimately produce increased tax revenues for the city. Therefore, we should invest in the plaza improvements first and then use the revenues thus generated to pay for the construction of the parking garage."
230The following appeared in the Sherwood Times newspaper.
"A recent study reported that pet owners have longer, healthier lives on average than do people who own no pets. Specifically, dog owners tend to have a lower incidence of heart disease. In light of these findings, Sherwood Hospital should form a partnership with Sherwood Animal Shelter to institute an 'adopt-a-dog' program. The program would encourage dog ownership for patients recovering from heart disease, which will help reduce medical costs by reducing the number of these patients needing ongoing treatment. In addition, the publicity about the program will encourage more people to adopt pets from the shelter, which will reduce the risk of heart disease in the general population."
221一項為期十年的對于在騎自行車時戴頭盔的作用的研究顯示，10年前，所有騎車人中大約有35%報告說他們戴頭盔，現(xiàn)在這個比例接近80%。然而另外一項調(diào)查顯示在相同的十年期間，因騎車引起的事故數(shù)量增加了200%。這些結(jié)果說明騎車人因為戴著頭盔而感到更安全，因而導(dǎo)致他們面臨更大的危險。因此，為減少自行車事故中嚴(yán)重傷害的數(shù)量，政府應(yīng)該更多地對人們加強(qiáng)自行車安全的教育，并提供鼓勵或要求騎車人戴頭盔的課程。
222我們所有的客戶服務(wù)人員近參加了為期兩天的進(jìn)修，進(jìn)修期間他們接受了關(guān)于有效的客戶服務(wù)方面的再訓(xùn)練。結(jié)果，Cyberell的員工績效考察發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)修對于新員工--即那些在Cyberell工作不到兩年的員工--的作用遠(yuǎn)大于對老員工的作用。根據(jù)這次考察，進(jìn)修之后新員工平均每小時能夠多應(yīng)答10%的電話，而客戶對于新員工的投訴總量下降了，但老員工在這些方面的提高很小。因此，Cyberell應(yīng)該只把新員工送去參加未來的進(jìn)修，并應(yīng)該把因此而節(jié)省的開支用于把進(jìn)修的時間加倍，這樣的話進(jìn)修將會導(dǎo)致更好的員工績效
223 15年前，Pine City實施了一項節(jié)電措施，該措施給予市民一定的補(bǔ)償用于把能耗大的電機(jī)、家用辦公設(shè)備和家用電器更換為節(jié)能的型號。在開始的十年，在這項措施上的支出每年都在增加，而每年的總用電量下降了。但在這項措施上的支出在五年前開始減少，并且從那以后Pine City的總用電量急劇上升。如果這種用量上升的勢頭持續(xù)下去，城市將必須修建一座昂貴的新的發(fā)電廠。顯然避免這項開支的好辦法就是增加對居民更換大能耗設(shè)備的補(bǔ)償。這將把能源消耗降低到五年前的水平。
224每頓飯食量過大會增加患心臟病的危險。近一項對于2000名曾經(jīng)患心臟病的人調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，其中有158人說在患心臟病前的24小時之內(nèi)吃過一頓量很大的飯，其中有25人說在患心臟病前兩小時之內(nèi)吃過量很大的飯。食用和消化食物將會向血液中釋放荷爾蒙，并暫時輕微增加心率和血壓。這些都會增加心臟的壓力。因此，那些有患心臟病危險的人可以通過避免飲食過量而減少這種危險。
225為擴(kuò)展我們國家報紙的家庭遞送服務(wù)，我們應(yīng)該集中力量于Urba州而不是Sylva州。首先，Sylva的人口分布得更加分散，這要求我們在這個州遞送報紙的時候要花更多的錢，從而導(dǎo)致每個客戶的平均利潤減少。其次，一項長期的對于觀看電視的習(xí)慣的研究表明，Sylva的居民相對于國家新聞而言更喜歡看地方新聞，因為他們用于觀看地方新聞節(jié)目的時間是觀看國家節(jié)目的兩倍。后，由于Urba州的事件在我們報紙上所占的版面要多于Sylva的事件，我們可以預(yù)計Urba的居民對于我們的報紙會更感興趣。
226 Appleby學(xué)院每五年舉行班級同學(xué)聚會，而Edelston學(xué)院的所有班級每年舉行聚會，并且在聚會上Edelston的校友可以參加宴會、講座和學(xué)生表演，這提高了他們對學(xué)校的感情以及他們給母校捐款的愿望。Edelston學(xué)院的大部分校友捐款是在聚會期間或之后很短時間內(nèi)獲得的。因此，Appleby增加校友捐款的好途徑就是組織類似的聚會活動，并且讓每個畢業(yè)班級組織一年一度的聚會。
227長期以來人們相信每天睡眠至少8小時是有利于健康的。但是近對于成年人睡眠習(xí)慣的為期6年的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些報告說每天睡眠8小時或以上的人某些健康問題的發(fā)生率比那些報告說每天睡7小時的人高。報告說每天睡5小時的人健康問題發(fā)生率也高，但和報告8小時睡眠的人相比比較輕微。顯然，人們應(yīng)該盡量每天睡7小時，并且相對于睡眠不足來說，他們更應(yīng)該避免睡眠過量。
228為提高我們的員工的生產(chǎn)效率，我們應(yīng)該在員工的終端上加裝電子監(jiān)控來監(jiān)視員工對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的使用。如果我們要減少用于私人以及娛樂活動，比如購物或玩游戲的工作時間，在終端上使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的員工必須要被確認(rèn)并且受到懲罰。通過在公司電腦上安裝檢測員工使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的軟件，我們可以防止員工浪費時間，并培養(yǎng)Climpson更好的工作氛圍，以及提高我們的整體利潤。
229為解決我們鬧市商業(yè)區(qū)的停車問題，曾有提案提出建造一幢4層停車樓來增加車位。然而，這一方案的花費要比改善鬧市步行廣場的花費多。由于步行廣場是把人們吸引到鬧市區(qū)的重要因素，對于它的改善將會促進(jìn)鬧市的商業(yè)。更多的商業(yè)利潤將終增加城市稅收。因此，我們應(yīng)該首先投資于廣場改造，然后用它產(chǎn)生的收入來建造停車樓。
230一項近的研究報告說養(yǎng)寵物的人平均而言比不養(yǎng)寵物的人活得更長更健康。特別是，養(yǎng)狗的人心臟病發(fā)病率更低。根據(jù)這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，Sherwood醫(yī)院應(yīng)該和Sherwood動物收養(yǎng)所合作建立一個"收養(yǎng)狗"的計劃。這一計劃將會鼓勵正在治療心臟病的患者養(yǎng)狗，這將通過減少這些患者接受治療的次數(shù)而減少醫(yī)療費用。而且，對于這一計劃的宣傳將鼓勵更多的人從收養(yǎng)所領(lǐng)養(yǎng)寵物，這將減少整體人群患心臟病的危險。