4) there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, understand
We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我們沒料到會(huì)有那么多人在哪里。
注意
有些動(dòng)詞需用as 短語(yǔ)做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，如regard, think believe, take, consider。
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們的老師。
Mary took him as her father . 瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。
3. 不定式作主語(yǔ)
1) It's easy (for me) to do that. 我做這事太容易了。
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
It's so nice to hear your voice. 聽到你的聲音真高興。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 當(dāng)你不用車的時(shí)候，鎖車是有必要的。
2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他幫助我們，他真好。
kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的)， silly, selfish(自私的)
It was silly of us to believe him. 我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。
注意
1) 其他系動(dòng)詞如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
2) 不定式作為句子成分時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
3) 當(dāng)不定式作主語(yǔ)的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用It is… to…的句型
(對(duì))To see is to believe. 百聞不如一見。(錯(cuò))It is to believe to see。
It's for sb。和 It's of sb。
1) for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 對(duì)他來說學(xué)兩門外語(yǔ)是很難的。
2) of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我，你真是太好了。
for 與of 的辨別方法
用介詞后面的代詞作主語(yǔ)，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語(yǔ)，造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。如：You are nice. (通順，所以應(yīng)用of)。He is hard. (人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用for。)
4. 不定式作表語(yǔ)
不定式可放在be動(dòng)詞后面，形成表語(yǔ)。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day。
His dream is to be a doctor。
5. 不定式作定語(yǔ)
不定式做定語(yǔ)通常要放在被修飾的詞后。例如：
I have a lot of work to do.
So he made some candles to give light。
6. 不定式作狀語(yǔ)
1) 目的狀語(yǔ)
To… only to (僅僅為了)， in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我來僅僅是向你告別。
2) 作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表事先沒有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry。
He searched the room only to find nothing。
3) 表原因
I'm glad to see you。
典型例題
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on
答案：B. 如果不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞與介詞連用時(shí)，常位于"形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)的末尾。
用作介詞的to
to 有兩種用法：一為不定式+動(dòng)詞原形； 一為介詞+名詞/動(dòng)名詞， to 在下面的用法中是第二種，即to+ 名詞/動(dòng)名詞：admit to承認(rèn)，confess to承認(rèn)，be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于，be used to 習(xí)慣于，stick to 堅(jiān)持，turn to開始，著手于，devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于，be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望，pay attention to
注意
省to 的動(dòng)詞不定式
1) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：
2) 使役動(dòng)詞 let, have, make：
3) 感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。
注意
在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中則to 不能省掉。
I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance。
The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night。
4) would rather，had better：
5) Why… / why not…：
6) help 可帶to，也可不帶to, help sb (to) do sth：
7) but和except：but前是動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。
8) 由and, or和than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè)to 可以省去：
9) 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等詞后，可以省去to be：He is supposed (to be) nice. 他應(yīng)該是個(gè)好人。舉例：He wants to move to France and marry the girl. He wants to do nothing but go out. 比較：He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine。
典型例題
1) ---- I usually go there by train.
---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
答案：D. why not 后面接不帶to 的不定式，因此選D。
2) Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
答案：B. make后接不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式，當(dāng)其用于被動(dòng)時(shí)，to 不可省略。
動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式
Tell him not to shut the window…
She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走過的時(shí)候，她假裝沒看見。
典型例題
1) Tell him ___ the window.
A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut
答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式為tell sb not to do sth。
2) She pretended ___ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen
答案：A。 pretend 后應(yīng)接不定式。其否定形式為pretend not to do sth.。
3) Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking。
A. never to drive B. to never driver C. never driving D. never drive
答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式為warn sb not to do sth. 此處用的是否定詞never。
4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
答案：A。not to 為not to do it 的省略形式?？梢灾挥胻o這個(gè)詞，而不必重復(fù)整個(gè)不定式詞組。及物動(dòng)詞do后應(yīng)有名詞、代詞等，否則不對(duì)，因此B，D不對(duì)。
5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation。
A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
答案：C。warn一詞要求后用不定式，此處為不定式的被動(dòng)，否定形式為be warned not to do。
不定式的特殊句型too…to…
1) too…to 太…以至于…
He is too excited to speak. 他太激動(dòng)了，說不出話來。
---- Can I help you ? 需要我?guī)兔幔?BR> ---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。這箱子太重，恐怕你搬不動(dòng)。謝謝您。
2) 如在too前有否定詞，則整個(gè)句子用否定詞表達(dá)肯定， too 后那個(gè)詞表達(dá)一種委婉含義，意 為"不太"。
It's never too late to mend. (諺語(yǔ)) 改過不嫌晚。
3) 當(dāng)too 前面有only, all, but時(shí)，意思是：非?！?等于very。
I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高興能幫助你。
He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, understand
We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我們沒料到會(huì)有那么多人在哪里。
注意
有些動(dòng)詞需用as 短語(yǔ)做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，如regard, think believe, take, consider。
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們的老師。
Mary took him as her father . 瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。
3. 不定式作主語(yǔ)
1) It's easy (for me) to do that. 我做這事太容易了。
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
It's so nice to hear your voice. 聽到你的聲音真高興。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 當(dāng)你不用車的時(shí)候，鎖車是有必要的。
2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他幫助我們，他真好。
kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的)， silly, selfish(自私的)
It was silly of us to believe him. 我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。
注意
1) 其他系動(dòng)詞如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
2) 不定式作為句子成分時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
3) 當(dāng)不定式作主語(yǔ)的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用It is… to…的句型
(對(duì))To see is to believe. 百聞不如一見。(錯(cuò))It is to believe to see。
It's for sb。和 It's of sb。
1) for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 對(duì)他來說學(xué)兩門外語(yǔ)是很難的。
2) of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我，你真是太好了。
for 與of 的辨別方法
用介詞后面的代詞作主語(yǔ)，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語(yǔ)，造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。如：You are nice. (通順，所以應(yīng)用of)。He is hard. (人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用for。)
4. 不定式作表語(yǔ)
不定式可放在be動(dòng)詞后面，形成表語(yǔ)。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day。
His dream is to be a doctor。
5. 不定式作定語(yǔ)
不定式做定語(yǔ)通常要放在被修飾的詞后。例如：
I have a lot of work to do.
So he made some candles to give light。
6. 不定式作狀語(yǔ)
1) 目的狀語(yǔ)
To… only to (僅僅為了)， in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我來僅僅是向你告別。
2) 作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表事先沒有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry。
He searched the room only to find nothing。
3) 表原因
I'm glad to see you。
典型例題
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on
答案：B. 如果不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞與介詞連用時(shí)，常位于"形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)的末尾。
用作介詞的to
to 有兩種用法：一為不定式+動(dòng)詞原形； 一為介詞+名詞/動(dòng)名詞， to 在下面的用法中是第二種，即to+ 名詞/動(dòng)名詞：admit to承認(rèn)，confess to承認(rèn)，be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于，be used to 習(xí)慣于，stick to 堅(jiān)持，turn to開始，著手于，devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于，be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望，pay attention to
注意
省to 的動(dòng)詞不定式
1) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：
2) 使役動(dòng)詞 let, have, make：
3) 感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。
注意
在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中則to 不能省掉。
I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance。
The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night。
4) would rather，had better：
5) Why… / why not…：
6) help 可帶to，也可不帶to, help sb (to) do sth：
7) but和except：but前是動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。
8) 由and, or和than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè)to 可以省去：
9) 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等詞后，可以省去to be：He is supposed (to be) nice. 他應(yīng)該是個(gè)好人。舉例：He wants to move to France and marry the girl. He wants to do nothing but go out. 比較：He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine。
典型例題
1) ---- I usually go there by train.
---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
答案：D. why not 后面接不帶to 的不定式，因此選D。
2) Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
答案：B. make后接不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式，當(dāng)其用于被動(dòng)時(shí)，to 不可省略。
動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式
Tell him not to shut the window…
She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走過的時(shí)候，她假裝沒看見。
典型例題
1) Tell him ___ the window.
A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut
答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式為tell sb not to do sth。
2) She pretended ___ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen
答案：A。 pretend 后應(yīng)接不定式。其否定形式為pretend not to do sth.。
3) Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking。
A. never to drive B. to never driver C. never driving D. never drive
答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式為warn sb not to do sth. 此處用的是否定詞never。
4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
答案：A。not to 為not to do it 的省略形式?？梢灾挥胻o這個(gè)詞，而不必重復(fù)整個(gè)不定式詞組。及物動(dòng)詞do后應(yīng)有名詞、代詞等，否則不對(duì)，因此B，D不對(duì)。
5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation。
A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
答案：C。warn一詞要求后用不定式，此處為不定式的被動(dòng)，否定形式為be warned not to do。
不定式的特殊句型too…to…
1) too…to 太…以至于…
He is too excited to speak. 他太激動(dòng)了，說不出話來。
---- Can I help you ? 需要我?guī)兔幔?BR> ---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。這箱子太重，恐怕你搬不動(dòng)。謝謝您。
2) 如在too前有否定詞，則整個(gè)句子用否定詞表達(dá)肯定， too 后那個(gè)詞表達(dá)一種委婉含義，意 為"不太"。
It's never too late to mend. (諺語(yǔ)) 改過不嫌晚。
3) 當(dāng)too 前面有only, all, but時(shí)，意思是：非?！?等于very。
I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高興能幫助你。
He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。