2011年12月英語六級預(yù)測試題及答案(2)

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Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)
    Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Who Has the Most Important Influence on the Young. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.
    1. 有些人認(rèn)為家人對青少年的影響大。
    2.有些人認(rèn)為朋友對青少年的影響大。
    3.我的看法。
    Who Has the Most Important Influence on the Young
    Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
    Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
    Will Electronic Medical Records Improve Health Care?
    Electronic health records (EHRs) have received a lot of attention since the Obama administration committed $19 billion in stimulus funds earlier this year to encourage hospitals and health care facilities to digitize patient data and make better use of information technology. The healthcare industry as a whole, however, has been slow to adopt information technology and integrate computer systems, raising the question of whether the push to digitize will result in information that empowers doctors to make better-informed decisions or a morass of disconnected data.
    The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) knows firsthand how difficult it is to achieve the former, and how easily an EHR plan can fall into the latter. UPMC has spent five years and more than $1 billion on information technology systems to get ahead of the EHR issue. While that is more than five times as much as recent estimates say it should cost a hospital system, UPMC is a mammoth network consisting of 20 hospitals as well as 400 doctors’ offices, outpatient sites and long-term care facilities employing about 50,000 people.
    UPMC’s early attempts to create a universal EHR system, such as its ambulatory electronic medical records rolled out between 2000 and 2005, were met with resistance as doctors, staff and other users either avoided using the new technology altogether or clung to individual, disconnected software and systems that UPMC’s IT department had implemented over the years.
    On the mend
    Although UPMC began digitizing some of its records in 1996, the turning point in its efforts came in 2004 with the rollout of its eRecord system across the entire health care network. eRecord now contains more than 3.6 million electronic patient records, including images and CT scans, clinical laboratory information, radiology data, and a picture archival and communication system that digitizes images and makes them available on PCs. The EHR system has 29,000 users, including more than 5,000 physicians employed by or affiliated with UPMC.
    If UPMC makes EHR systems look easy, don’t be fooled, cautions UPMC chief medical information officer Dan Martich, who says the health care network’s IT systems require a "huge, ongoing effort" to ensure that those systems can communicate with one another. One of the main reasons is that UPMC, like many other health care organizations, uses a number of different vendors for its medical and IT systems, leaving the integration largely up to the IT staff.
    Since doctors typically do not want to change the way they work for the sake of a computer system, the success of an EHR program is dictated not only by the presence of the technology but also by how well the doctors are trained on, and use, the technology. Physicians need to see the benefits of using EHR systems both persistently and consistently, says Louis Baverso, chief information officer at UPMC’s Magee-Women’s Hospital. But these benefits might not be obvious at first, he says, adding, "What doctors see in the beginning is that they’re losing their ability to work with paper documents, which has been so valuable to them up until now."
    Opportunities and costs
    Given the lack of EHR adoption throughout the health care world, there are a lot of opportunities to get this right (or wrong). Less than 10 percent of U.S. hospitals have adopted electronic medical records even in the most basic way, according to a study authored by Ashish Jha, associate professor of health policy and management at Harvard School of Public Health. Only 1.5 percent have adopted a comprehensive system of electronic records that includes physicians’ notes and orders and decision support systems that alert doctors of potential drug interactions or other problems that might result from their intended orders.
    Cost is the primary factor stalling EHR systems, followed by resistance from physicians unwilling to adopt new technologies and a lack of staff with adequate IT expertise, according to Jha. He indicated that a hospital could spend from $20 million to $200 million to implement an electronic record system over several years, depending on the size of the hospital. A typical doctor’s office would cost an estimated $50,000 to outfit with an EHR system.
    The upside of EHR systems is more difficult to quantify. Although some estimates say that hospitals and doctor’s offices could save as much as $100 million annually by moving to EHRs, the mere act of implementing the technology guarantees neither cost savings nor improvements in care, Jha said during a Harvard School of Public Health community forum on September 17. Another Harvard study of hospital computerization likewise determined that cutting costs and improving care through health IT as it exists today is "wishful thinking". This study was led by David Himmelstein, associate professor at Harvard Medical School.
    The cost of getting it wrong
    The difference between the projected cost savings and the reality of the situation stems from the fact that the EHR technologies implemented to date have not been designed to save money or improve patient care, says Leonard D’Avolio, associate center director of Biomedical Informatics at the Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC). Instead, EHRs are used to document individual patients’ conditions, pass this information among clinicians treating those patients, justify financial reimbursement and serve as the legal records of events.
    This is because, if a health care facility has $1 million to spend, its managers are more likely to spend it on an expensive piece of lab equipment than on information technology, D’Avolio says, adding that the investment on lab equipment can be made up by charging patients access to it as a billable service. This is not the case for IT. Also, computers and networks used throughout hospitals and health care facilities are disconnected and often manufactured by different vendors without a standardized way of communicating. "Medical data is difficult to standardize because caring for patients is a complex process," he says. "We need to find some way of reaching across not just departments but entire hospitals. If you can’t measure something, you can’t improve it, and without access to this data, you can’t measure it."
    To qualify for a piece of the $19 billion being offered through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), healthcare facilities will have to justify the significance of their IT investments to ensure they are "meaningful users" of EHRs. The Department of Health and Human Services has yet to define what it considers meaningful use
    Aggregating info to create knowledge
    Ideally, in addition to providing doctors with basic information about their patients, databases of vital signs, images, laboratory values, medications, diseases, interventions, and patient demographic information could be mined for new knowledge, D’Avolio says. "With just a few of these databases networked together, the power to improve health care increases exponentially," D’Avolio suggested. "All that is missing is the collective realization that better health care requires access to better information—not automation of the status quo." Down the road, the addition of genomic information, environmental factors and family history to these databases will enable clinicians to begin to realize the potential of personalized medicine, he added.
    1. In America, it is slow to adopt information technology because .
    A) the funds invested by the government is not enough in the past
    B) EHRs have received less attention of the public in the past
    C) whether it will be useful to doctors or not is doubtful
    D) UPMC knows how difficult it is to digitize the hospital
    2. The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) .
    A) is the first medical center to adopt information technology
    B) satisfy the requirement of the government on information technology
    C) spent less money on information technology than it was estimated
    D) attempted to created a universal EHR system, but met some difficulties
    3. The health care network’s IT systems require a lot of effort to ensure it can communicate with one another mainly because .
    A) the integration among different system is largely up to the IT staff
    B) UPMC is like many other health care organizations in the United States
    C) UPMC makes EHR systems look easy
    D) UMPC began digitizing some of its records in 1996
    4. The success of the EHR program is decided by .
    A) the fact whether the information technology is available or not
    B) the fact how well the doctors are trained to use the information technology
    C) not only the presence of the technology but the doctor’s training on technology
    D) the fact whether physicians can see the benefits of using EHR systems
    5. The most important reason of most hospitals being reluctant to adopt EHR system is that .
    A) the cost is too high for the hospital to afford
    B) physicians are unwilling to adopt it
    C) there is a lack of staff with adequate IT expertise
    D) doctor worry about its negative influence on patients
    6. According to the study led by David Himmelstein through health IT .
    A) it is possible to cut the costs of the hospital
    B) it is possible to improve the health care
    C) it ensure neither cost saving nor improvement in care
    D) it could save as much as $100 million annually
    7. The hospital’s managers prefer to .
    A) spend money on an expensive piece of equipment than on information technology
    B) charge patients access to the information technology as a billable service
    C) purchase the information technology to improve the health care of the hospital
    D) invest more money on the training of the physicians to charge patients more money
    8. Jha said the mere act of implementing the technology guarantees ______________________.
    9. D’Avolio says the investment on lab equipment can be made up by_____________________.
    10. Databases of vital signs, images, laboratory values, medications, diseases, interventions, and patient demographic information could be ____________________.
    Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
    Section A
    Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
    11. A) He doesn’t know the way to the theater.
    B) He doesn’t usually get up at 7:30.
    C) He wants to leave the theater before the drama is over.
    D) He wants to go early to avoid a traffic jam.
    12. A) She got a weekend job at the beach.
    B) She often goes to the beach.
    C) She misses the trips to the beach she used to take.
    D) Her home is near the beach.
    13. A) He will make a reservation at the restaurant.
    B) The woman should ask her parents for a suggestion.
    C) The woman should decide where to eat Saturday.
    D) He already has plans for Saturday night.
    14. A) He doubts the woman will like the novel.
    B) He’ll lend the woman the novel after he has read it.
    C) He enjoyed reading the novel.
    D) He hasn’t started reading the novel yet.
    15. A) The doctor’s office will be closed tomorrow.
    B) The doctor’s schedule is filled tomorrow.
    C) The doctor has stopped seeing new patients.
    D) The doctor can see the man tomorrow.
    16. A) She was sorry the man couldn’t finish his laundry.
    B) She saw the man run out.
    C) She thought the man’s laundry was done badly.
    D) She thought the man’s lawn was too dry.
    17. A) His coach didn’t help him enough.
    B) He had no chance of winning.
    C) His coach didn’t listen to him.
    D) He didn’t follow his coach’s advice.
    18. A) She grades papers very quickly.
    B) She isn’t teaching this semester.
    C) She didn’t require any papers last semester.
    D) She was more flexible last semester.
    Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
    19. A) Father and daughter.
    B) Colleagues.
    C) Friends.
    D) Husband and wife.
    20. A) They are discussing whether they should go for a holiday.
    B) They are discussing where they should go for the holiday.
    C) They are discussing how they could save enough money for the holiday.
    D) They are discussing how they could pay for their house and the furniture.
    21. A) Sheffield.
    B) Hawaii.
    C) Wales or Scotland.
    D) Florida.
    Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
    22. A) In a skating rink.
    B) On a bike path.
    C) On the campus sidewalks.
    D) In the street.
    23. A) He has trouble stopping.
    B) There are too many rocks.
    C) Going uphill is difficult.
    D) There are too many curves.
    24. A) Pull him up the hills.
    B) Catch him if he starts to fail.
    C) Find some skates for him.
    D) Teach him how to stop on skates.
    25. A) Look for the man’s skates.
    B) Have a meal.
    C) Look for something to drink.
    D) Start skating on the path.
    Section B
    Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
    Passage One
    Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
    26. A) The beef is lost.
    B) Something is not as good as described.
    C) The beef is not as good as it is said to be.
    D) The food has turned bad.
    27. A) Because they are made from beef.
    B) Because they are cheaper than any other kind of food.
    C) Because they are served quickly and at a low price.
    D) Because hamburger is the only fast food in America.
    28. A) Because hamburgers are good to eat.
    B) Because they are easy to make.
    C) Because they could sell hamburgers throughout the country.
    D) Because they thought they could make large profit.
    Passage Two
    Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
    29. A) They often take place in her major industries.
    B) British trade unions are more powerful.
    C) There are more trade union members in Britain.
    D) Britain loses more working days through strikes every year.
    30. A) Such strikes are against the British law.
    B) Such strikes are unpredictable.
    C) Such strikes involve workers from different trades.
    D) Such strikes occur frequently these days.
    31. A) Trade unions in Britain are becoming more popular.
    B) Most strikes in Britain are against the British law.
    C) Unofficial strikes in Britain are easier to deal with now.
    D) Employer-worker relations in Britain have become tenser.
    Passage Three
    Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
    32. A) Education.
    B) Wealth.
    C) Diligence.
    D) Political status.
    33. A) The change of the nature of occupations.
    B) The decrease of social wealth.
    C) The change of educational degree.
    D) The increase of job opportunities.
    34. A) Farmers.
    B) Politicians.
    C) Manual workers..
    D) Clerks.
    35. A) White-collar workers.
    B) Farm workers.
    C) Blue-collar workers.
    D) Not mentioned.
    Section C
    Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
    Daily newspaper has an editorial page. Here opinion is expressed on events and 36 in the news. But editorial judgment is so persuasively 37 that many people accept these opinions as facts. Good journalists 38 a code of ethics which 39 between news and editorial opinion. This code holds that in an editorial 40 the publisher is entitled to 41 any cause he chooses. It is understood that there he is speaking as a partisan and may express any view he 42 . Because a modern newspaper is so expensive to produce and so 43 to establish, newspapers have increasingly become big business organizations. Although there are exceptions, 44 ________ _________.In the news columns, however, the complete and unbiased facts should be reported. The better metropolitan newspapers and 45 ______ _______. But the less ethical publications 46 _______________ __ _ __ .
    Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
    Section A
    Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.
    Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
    Currently, there are an increasing number of new types of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among "situations vacant", although it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among "situations wanted", although it is not placed by someone looking for a job, either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.
    "Contact us before writing your application", or "Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history", is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.
    There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. "Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams", was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.
    Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. "Your search is over. I am the person you are looking for", was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job interview.
    There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.
    47. There are an increasing number of new types of small advertisement in newspaper columns ______.
    48. Nowadays a demand for this specialized type of service has been created because ______.
    49. In the past it was expected that first job hunters would ______.
    50. Later, as one went on to apply for more important jobs, one was advised to include ______ in the letter.
    51. The curriculum vitae has become such an important document because ______.
    Section B
    Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
    Passage One
    Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
    Computers are now employed in an increasing number of fields in our daily life. Computers have been taught to play not only checkers, but also championship chess, which is a fairly accurate yardstick for measuring the computer’s progress in the ability to learn from experience.
    Because the game requires logical reasoning, chess would seem to be perfectly suited to the computer. All a programmer has to do is to give the computer a program evaluating the consequences of every possible response to every possible move, and the computer will win every time. In theory this is a sensible approach; in practice it is impossible. Today, a powerful computer can analyze 40,000 moves a second. That is an impressive speed. But there are an astronomical number of possible moves in chess—literally trillions. Even if such a program were written (and in theory it could be, given enough people and enough time), there is no computer capable of holding that much data.
    Therefore, if the computer is to compete at championship levels, it must be programmed to function with less than complete data. It must be able to learn from experience, to modify its own program, to deal with a relatively unstructured situation—in a word, to "think" for itself. In fact, this can be done. Chess-playing computers have yet to defeat world champion chess players, but several have beaten human players of only slightly lower ranks. The computers have had programs to carry them through the early, mechanical stages of their chess games. But they have gone on from there to reason and learn, and sometimes to win the game.
    There are other proofs that computers can be programmed to learn, but this example is sufficient to demonstrate the point. Granted, winning a game of chess is not an earthshaking event even when a computer does it. But there are many serious human problems, which can be fruitfully approached as games. The Defense Department uses computers to play war games and work out strategies for dealing with international tensions. Other problems—international and interpersonal relations, ecology and economics, and the ever-increasing threat of world famine can perhaps be solved by the joint efforts of human beings and truly intelligent computers.
    52. According to the passage, computers can not be used to ______.
    A) solve the threat of world famine
    B) ease international tension
    C) defeat world champion chess player
    D) work out solutions to the industrial problems
    53. In the author’s opinion, ______.
    A) playing chess shows computer’s program has been developed into a new stage
    B) it is practically possible now that computer can win every chess game now
    C) computers even with less than complete data can be programmed to defeat the world champion chess player
    D) computers can be programmed to play and reason but not learn
    54. The author’s attitude toward the future use of computer is ______.
    A) negative
    B) positive
    C) indifferent
    D) critical
    55. In order to "think", computer should ______.
    A) be programmed to have more than enough data
    B) learn from the experience and to reason
    C) deal with all the unstructured situation
    D) predicate every move in the chess
    56. Today, the chess-playing computer can be programmed to ______.
    A) have trillions of responses in a second to each possible move and win the game
    B) store complete data and beat the best players
    C) learn from chess-playing in the early stage and go on to win the game
    D) predicate every possible move but may fail to give the right response each time
    Passage Two
    Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
    Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for reducing the effects of extreme heat. One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the sun’s rays. Desert mammals also depart from the normal mammalian practice of maintaining a constant body temperature. Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant’s gazelles. The overheated body then cools down during the cold desert night, and indeed the temperature may fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel. This is an advantage since the heat of the first few hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an excessive buildup of heat does not begin until well into the day.
    Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body water to a point that would be fatal for non-adapted animals. The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body weight as water without harm to itself, whereas human beings die after losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight. An equally important adaptation is the ability to replenish this water loss at one drink. Desert animals can drink huge volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to imbibe (吸收) over 100 liters in a few minutes. A very dehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at one session, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication. The tolerance of water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse pastures. Desert-adapted mammals have the further ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated. It is a common experience in people that appetite is lost even under conditions of moderate thirst.
    57. What is the passage mainly about?
    A) Animals developed different strategies to survive.
    B) Large animals can take strategies to reduce the effect of extreme heat.
    C) Animals can tolerate the loss of body water.
    D) A very dehydrated person can drink enough water to rehydrate.
    58. Why light in color is important to large animals in deserts?
    A) It helped them maintain a constant normal body temperature.
    B) It reflects rather than absorbs the sun-light.
    C) It helps them see their peers at night.
    D) It helps them keep cool during the night.
    59. What will be fatal to non-adapted animals?
    A) Keeping a normal body temperature.
    B) Drinking polluted water.
    C) Drinking huge volumes of water in a short time.
    D) Feeding when dehydrated.
    60. What does the author imply about desert-adapted mammals?
    A) They do not need to eat much food.
    B) They can eat large quantities quickly.
    C) They easily lose their appetites.
    D) They can travel long distances looking for food.
    61. What is the following strategy not mentioned by the author?
    A) The body temperature can be extremely high and cold.
    B) Tolerate the loss of body water and replenish it immediately.
    C) Lost appetite under the condition of moderate thirsty.
    D) To be light in color.
    Part V Cloze (5 minutes)
    Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
    Memory is a special thing in our life. What’s your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you 62 thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom 63 events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three or four 64 retain any specific, personal experiences. A variety of explanations have been 65 by psychologists for this "childhood amnesia" (兒童失憶癥). One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature 66 about the age of two. But the most popular theory 67 that, since adults do not think like children, they can not 68 childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories, are like stories or 69 —one event follows 70 as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental 71 for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don’t find any that fits the 72 . It’s like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary.
    Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new 73 for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply 74 any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use 75 spoken description of their personal experiences in order to turn their own short-term, quickly 76 impressions of them into long-term memories. In other 77 , children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about 78 —Mother talking about the afternoon 79 looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this 80 reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form 81 memories of their personal experiences.
    62. A) listened B) felt C) touched D) heard
    63. A) involve B) interpret C) recall D) resolve
    64. A) largely B) rarely C) merely D) really
    65. A) canceled B) figured C) proposed D) witnessed
    66. A) until B) once C) after D) since
    67. A) magnifies B) intervenes C) contains D) maintains
    68. A) reflect B) attain C) access D) refer
    69. A) narratives B) forecasts C) regulations D) descriptions
    70. A) the rest B) another C) the other D) others
    71. A) outputs B) dreams C) flashes D) files
    72. A) footstep B) pattern C) frame D) landscape
    73. A) emphasis B) arrangement C) explanation D) factor
    74. A) aren’t B) weren’t C) isn’t D) wasn’t
    75. A) anyone else B) anyone else’s C) some else D) someone else’s
    76. A) forgotten B) remembered C) forgetting D) remembering
    77. A) senses B) cases C) words D) means
    78. A) him B) theirs C) it D) them
    79. A) used B) chosen C) taken D) spent
    80. A) habitual B) verbal C) pretty D) mutual
    81. A) permanent B) conscious C) subordinate D) spiritual
    PartⅥ Translation (5 minutes)
    Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.
    82. Children are very eager___________________________ in the film (成為像電影中英雄那樣強(qiáng)壯勇敢的人).
    83. The essence of the scientific attitude is ______________________________. (人類一定能將宇宙探究清楚).
    84. It is _____________________________ that keeps freedom alive (是沖突而不是絕對的一致).
    85. With full determination, we are ___________________________________ (有能力終解決這個(gè)棘手的問題).
    86. There was something _______________________________ about the plan that pleased all of them (富于創(chuàng)造性,獨(dú)出心裁,很有氣勢).
    Part I Writing
    【寫作思路】
    青少年的成長一直是一個(gè)有爭議的話題,有人認(rèn)為家庭的影響至關(guān)重要,會作用于青少年的一生;也有人認(rèn)為“人以群分”,朋友在青少年的成長發(fā)育過程中具有不可替代的影響作用。
    大學(xué)生也屬于青少年,經(jīng)歷著成長過程中父母和朋友的影響。本篇作文以考生自身為題材,難度不大。
    文章開篇提出在青少年成長過程中,很多人都起到了非常重要的作用。一部分人認(rèn)為父母重要,其原因在于孩子從小和父母在一起,他們受到很大影響而不自知。
    第二段討論不同的觀點(diǎn),即認(rèn)為同齡人對青少年的影響更大。因?yàn)榍嗌倌晗矚g和朋友一起玩,喜歡互相學(xué)習(xí),喜歡追逐流行。
    第三段談?wù)撟髡弑救说挠^點(diǎn)。首先肯定兩方觀點(diǎn)都有合理的部分,青少年孩提時(shí)代和父母在一起,父母的所作所為為孩子以后的發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ),也影響了孩子的價(jià)值觀和世界觀。當(dāng)孩子長大時(shí),他們需要獨(dú)立和認(rèn)同,需要得到同齡人的認(rèn)可,受到朋友的影響更多一些。所以得出結(jié)論:父母和朋友對青少年的影響都很大,只是在不同的階段。
    【參考范文】
    Many parties are occupying important positions in the growth of the young. Some people think that the parents are the most essential in this process, arguing that the young have been together with their parents since birth and that they are influenced without their notice.
    Other people hold the opinion that the peers of the young play a major role in their growing up. The young prefer to hang out with their friends, like to learn from one another, and are more likely to follow the so-called "fashion".
    Of course, both views have an element of reason. In the first few years of life, the young see whatever their parents are doing and learn from them, which lays a basic foundation for their later development as well as their value on life, their outlook. When they grow older, they have a sense of independence and identity. They want to be recognized as members of certain groups. Thus, both parents and friends greatly affect the young, but in different stages.
    Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
    原文精譯
    電子病案能提高衛(wèi)生保健嗎?
    今年年初,奧巴馬政府建立190億美元的刺激基金,鼓勵(lì)醫(yī)院和衛(wèi)生保健機(jī)構(gòu)將病人信息數(shù)字化,更好的利用信息技術(shù)。自此之后,使用電子健康記錄(EHR)的舉措引起了很大關(guān)注。但是,整體而言,【1】衛(wèi)生保健行業(yè)在采用信息技術(shù)、整合計(jì)算機(jī)體系方面一直滯后,于是問題就出現(xiàn)了:這項(xiàng)推行數(shù)字化的舉措所帶來的信息,究竟是使醫(yī)生的決策更明智,還是只是一堆零散的數(shù)據(jù)?
    【2】Pittsburgh大學(xué)的醫(yī)療中心(UPMC)擁有第一手資料,只是知道實(shí)現(xiàn)前者很難,而陷入后者的困境卻很容易。UPMC歷經(jīng)五年,在信息技術(shù)體系方面花費(fèi)10多億美元,在HER計(jì)劃中處于地位。盡管它的花費(fèi)是近預(yù)估的一個(gè)醫(yī)院系統(tǒng)所需花費(fèi)的五倍,但UPMC現(xiàn)在擁有一個(gè)龐大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)機(jī)構(gòu),包括20家醫(yī)院,400個(gè)醫(yī)生辦公室,門診處,長期護(hù)理機(jī)構(gòu),這些機(jī)構(gòu)有5萬多名員工。
    UMPC早期試圖建立一個(gè)普遍的EHR體系,比如2000年—2005年之間推出的流動電子醫(yī)療記錄,就受到了醫(yī)生、員工以及其他使用者的抵制,他們或者不用新技術(shù),或者只用個(gè)人記錄,不和UPMC的IT部門近年來推行的軟件和系統(tǒng)聯(lián)網(wǎng)。
    情勢好轉(zhuǎn)中
    UPMC早在1996年就開始將自己的記錄數(shù)字化,而轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)卻出現(xiàn)在2004年,它的電子記錄體系(EHR)已在整個(gè)醫(yī)療保健網(wǎng)絡(luò)鋪展開來?,F(xiàn)在電子記錄包括360多萬病人的信息,其中有圖像和CT掃描結(jié)果,臨床試驗(yàn)信息,放射治療數(shù)據(jù),還有圖片庫和交流系統(tǒng),使圖像數(shù)字化,在個(gè)人電腦上得以顯示。EHR系統(tǒng)有29000名用戶,包括5000多名內(nèi)科醫(yī)生,其中有些是UPMC的醫(yī)生,有些則附屬于UPMC。
    UPMC醫(yī)療信息的主要負(fù)責(zé)人Dan Martich警告說:如果UPMC讓EHR系統(tǒng)看似簡單,千萬不要上當(dāng)。他說,衛(wèi)生保健網(wǎng)絡(luò)的IT系統(tǒng)需要“巨大的、不間斷的努力”,以確保這些系統(tǒng)交流順暢?!?】主要原因之一是,UPMC,以及很多其他衛(wèi)生保健組織,都從很多不同的賣主那里購買醫(yī)療和IT系統(tǒng),而后的整合工作則由IT成員來做。
    由于醫(yī)生一般不愿意為了某個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)而改變工作方式,【4】因而EHR項(xiàng)目的成功,不僅僅在于技術(shù),更在于醫(yī)生如何能接受好的培訓(xùn),學(xué)會使用新科技。UPMC的 Magee女子醫(yī)院的信息部門主管Louis Baverso說,內(nèi)科醫(yī)生需要看到EHR系統(tǒng)帶來了持久的好處。同時(shí)他又說,這些好處剛開始也許并不明顯,“剛開始醫(yī)生看到的是,他們沒有辦法再和紙質(zhì)文件打交道,而這些文件對他們來講是迄今為止重要的”。
    機(jī)會和代價(jià)
    鑒于在整個(gè)衛(wèi)生保健體系中,并沒有完全使用EHR系統(tǒng),因此還有很多機(jī)會可以做好,也可能做糟。哈佛公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院、健康政策與管理專業(yè)的副教授Ashish Jha組織了一項(xiàng)調(diào)查,結(jié)果表明,美國只有不到10%的醫(yī)院采用了電子醫(yī)療記錄系統(tǒng),而且是以基本的形式;只有1.5%的醫(yī)院使用了綜合的電子記錄系統(tǒng),包括醫(yī)生的記錄、醫(yī)囑以及決策支持體系,這些都可以警示醫(yī)生,他們的醫(yī)囑可能會導(dǎo)致潛在的藥物反應(yīng)或其他問題。
    【5】Jha認(rèn)為,阻礙EHR系統(tǒng)推廣的主要因素是需要付出的代價(jià),其次還有醫(yī)生的抵制,他們不愿意使用新科技,還有IT部門人員不足等方面原因。他暗示,根據(jù)醫(yī)院規(guī)模,醫(yī)院需要?dú)v時(shí)幾年時(shí)間花費(fèi)2000萬到20億美元不等,來安裝電子記錄系統(tǒng)。一個(gè)醫(yī)生辦公室配備一個(gè)EHR系統(tǒng),大概需要5萬美元。
    9月17日,哈佛公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院研討會上,Jha認(rèn)為EHR系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)勢很難量化。有些人估計(jì)說,使用EHR,醫(yī)院、醫(yī)生辦公室每年至少可以節(jié)省10億美元;【8】而單單安裝這個(gè)系統(tǒng)并不能保證節(jié)省開支,也不能保證醫(yī)療的改進(jìn)?!?】同樣哈佛關(guān)于醫(yī)院電子化的另一個(gè)調(diào)查表明,通過現(xiàn)有的衛(wèi)生保健IT來縮減開支,改進(jìn)醫(yī)療水平是“癡心妄想”。這項(xiàng)調(diào)查由David Himmelstein主導(dǎo),他是哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的副教授。
    情況變糟的代價(jià)
    Leonard D’Avolio是麻省退伍軍人傳染病研究和信息中心(MAVERIC)的生物醫(yī)學(xué)信息學(xué)中心副主任,他認(rèn)為,節(jié)省開支的預(yù)想和目前的現(xiàn)實(shí)之間的區(qū)別,源于迄今為止實(shí)施EHR技術(shù)并不是為了省錢或提高病人護(hù)理,相反,它是為了記錄單個(gè)病人的情況,將這些信息在臨床中傳遞用以治療其他病人,合理解釋醫(yī)療費(fèi)用,也可成為法律證據(jù)。
    D’Avolio說,這是因?yàn)楸=C(jī)構(gòu)若有一百萬美元可花,【7】管理階層更愿意把它花在實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)備上,并非信息科技上。他接著說,【9】用在設(shè)備上的投資可以通過向使用設(shè)備的病人收費(fèi)得以彌補(bǔ),而IT系統(tǒng)卻并非如此。還有,醫(yī)院和保健機(jī)構(gòu)使用的電腦和網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)并沒有聯(lián)網(wǎng),由不同的廠商制造銷售,沒有統(tǒng)一的交流方式。他說,“很難對醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn),因?yàn)樽o(hù)理病人是個(gè)復(fù)雜的過程。我們需要找到某種方法,不僅在各個(gè)部門,而是在所有醫(yī)院中互相搜索。不能衡量,就無法改進(jìn)提高。得不到這些數(shù)據(jù),就不能衡量?!?BR>    美國復(fù)興和再投資法(ARRA)提供了190億美元,想要有資格拿到這筆錢,保健機(jī)構(gòu)必須說明他們的IT投資有意義,保證他們有效使用了EHR。而健康和社會服務(wù)部還沒有確定什么是“有意義的用途”。
    收集信息 創(chuàng)造知識
    D’Avolio說,從理想的角度出發(fā),【10】除了EHR可以給醫(yī)生提供病人的基本信息外,包括重要標(biāo)記、圖像、實(shí)驗(yàn)室數(shù)據(jù)、用藥、病史、治療中斷、病人人口信息的數(shù)據(jù)庫,可以用來發(fā)掘新知識。D’Avolio建議,“僅僅幾個(gè)此類的數(shù)據(jù)庫聯(lián)網(wǎng),就可大大提高改進(jìn)醫(yī)療保健的能力。缺失的是這樣的集體意識:健全的醫(yī)療保健需要更全面的信息,而并非現(xiàn)狀能自動改變?!彼又f,沿著這條路走,這些數(shù)據(jù)庫中還會增加染色體信息,環(huán)境因素,家族史,使臨床醫(yī)生開始意識到用藥個(gè)性化的潛在可能性。
    1. 答案C
    解析:根據(jù)題干,考生可將答案定位在文章的第一段。第一段段末講到,在采用EHR系統(tǒng)方面,衛(wèi)生保健行業(yè)很滯后,原因在于,這對醫(yī)生來講,到底能幫助用藥決定,還是會帶來一團(tuán)糟?從中考生可以判斷,這個(gè)舉措對醫(yī)生來講有沒有用,值得懷疑。
    2. 答案D
    解析:根據(jù)題干中的UPMC,考生可鎖定文章的第二段。接著文章的第一段,UPMC根據(jù)自身經(jīng)歷,認(rèn)為能使醫(yī)生的決定更明智很難,而收集一堆毫無關(guān)系的數(shù)據(jù)卻很容易,從中可以判斷他們在使用EHR的過程中遇到了難題。
    3. 答案A
    解析:根據(jù)題干,考生可鎖定第一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下面的第二段。從不同賣主那里購買系統(tǒng),想要保證交流暢通,IT成員必須做后的整合工作。
    4. 答案C
    解析:根據(jù)題干中“EHR項(xiàng)目的成功”,考生可鎖定第一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下面的第三段,其中講到,成功不僅僅在于有科技,還在于如何培訓(xùn)醫(yī)生使用這些新科技。
    5. 答案A
    解析: 考生可將答案定位在文章第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題“Opportunities and Costs”下面的第二段。一開始作者提及了不愿意采用EHR的原因??忌貏e注意題干中使用了the most important,和原文中的primary同義。
    6. 答案C
    解析:根據(jù)題干中的人名 David Himmelstein,考生可鎖定文章第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題下面的第三段。David Himmelstein做了一項(xiàng)調(diào)查,發(fā)現(xiàn)衛(wèi)生IT不能縮減開支,也無法改進(jìn)護(hù)理。
    7. 答案A
    解析:根據(jù)題干中的manager,考生可將答案定位在文章第三個(gè)小標(biāo)題下面的第二段。段首講到管理人員更愿意把錢投資在設(shè)備上,而并非是信息科技上。
    8. 答案 neither cost savings nor improvements in care
    解析:根據(jù)題干中的Jha,考生可鎖定文章的第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題,尤其是下面的第三段。Jha認(rèn)為,單單安裝這個(gè)系統(tǒng)并不能保證節(jié)省開支,不能保證醫(yī)療的改進(jìn)。
    9. 答案 charging patients access to it as a billable service
    解析:根據(jù)題干中的人名Leonard D’Avolio,考生可鎖定文章中的第三個(gè)小標(biāo)題。D’Avolio認(rèn)為,用在設(shè)備上的投資可以通過向使用設(shè)備的病人收費(fèi)得以彌補(bǔ)。
    10. 答案 mined for new knowledge
    解析:根據(jù)題干中的主語,考生可鎖定文章的后一段。這些數(shù)據(jù)庫可以用來發(fā)掘新知識。
    Part III Listening Comprehension
    Section A
    11.
    W: Why are you leaving so early? The drama doesn’t start until 7: 30.
    M: I want to beat the traffic there. It’s a nightmare on the highway during rush hour.
    Q: What does the man mean?
    答案D
    解析:選項(xiàng)是關(guān)于男士的做法,在聽力過程中,考生要特別注意男士的選擇。女士問,你為什么出發(fā)這么早?歌劇7:30才開始呢;男士在回答中用到了一個(gè)動詞beat,beat the traffic,意為“避開交通高峰期”,隨后他進(jìn)一步解釋到,高峰期在高速公路上行駛,簡直是場噩夢。從中考生可以肯定男士想早點(diǎn)出發(fā),來避開行車高峰。
    12.
    W: Jessica’s going to the seashore again this weekend.
    M: Well, she’s always been a beach person.
    Q: What can be inferred about Jessica?
    答案B
    解析:根據(jù)選項(xiàng),考生可推斷聽力對話可能是關(guān)于女士和海灘。女士說,Jessica周末要再去海邊;男士附和,并說她對海邊情有獨(dú)鐘。從中可以判斷Jessica經(jīng)常去海邊。
    13.
    W: My parents are coming this weekend, and I thought the four of us could go out to dinner on Saturday night. Any suggestions?
    M: It’s up to you. I don’t know the restaurants around here that well, so you’d know a better place to go than me.
    Q: What does the man mean?
    答案C
    解析:選項(xiàng)是關(guān)于周末的安排。女士說,父母要來,想在周六晚上一起出去吃飯,并咨詢男士的意見;男士使用了一個(gè)常用的動詞短語,be up to sb.,意為“由......決定”,進(jìn)一步解釋說自己對周邊的飯店不是很了解,從中可以推斷男士希望女士決定吃飯的地方。
    14.
    W: I hope you liked the novel I lent you. I wasn’t sure whether it was the kind of book you’d be interested in.
    M: I had the same doubt first, but once I started it I simply couldn’t put it down.
    Q: What does the man mean?
    答案C
    解析:選項(xiàng)是關(guān)于男士讀書的問題。聽力過程中考生要關(guān)注男士有沒有開始讀,讀到了哪里。女士說,我希望你能喜歡我借給你的書,我不確定是不是你喜歡的類型。男士回答說,剛開始我也懷疑會不會喜歡,但一打開,我就放不下來。從中可以看出男士很喜歡這本書。
    15.
    M: I’d like to make an appointment with the doctor for tomorrow.
    W: Unfortunately he’s completely booked.
    Q: What does the woman mean?
    答案B
    解析:選項(xiàng)是關(guān)于醫(yī)生明天的安排。男士說,明天想去看醫(yī)生;女士回答說,很遺憾,醫(yī)生已經(jīng)約滿了。選項(xiàng)B中的the doctor’s schedule is filled和聽力原文中的he’s completely booked同義。
    16.
    M: I ran out of coins while doing my laundry.
    W: That’s too bad!
    Q: What does the woman mean?
    答案A
    解析:選項(xiàng)是關(guān)于發(fā)生在男士身上的事。聽力過程中,考生需要關(guān)注男士干了什么,結(jié)果如何。男士說,洗衣服的時(shí)候,硬幣用完了,其中run out of表示“用完,花光”;女士感嘆說,這可太糟了,并不是說衣服洗的不好,而是對男士的遭遇表示同情。
    17.
    W: It’s a shame you didn’t win your badminton match.
    M: I might have won if I’d listened to my coach.
    Q: What does the man imply?
    答案D
    解析:選項(xiàng)是關(guān)于男士的做法。女士說,沒有贏得羽毛球比賽,太遺憾了;男士使用了虛擬語氣,說如果聽從教練的建議,可能就贏了。因此男士暗示,他沒有采取教練的建議。
    18.
    W: Professor Louis seems to think there’s only one way to write a paper, and that’s her way!
    M: No kidding? She sure wasn’t like that last semester.
    Q: What can be inferred about Professor Louis?
    答案D
    解析:從選項(xiàng)中可以推斷she指代的是一位教師??忌P(guān)注對教師的評價(jià)。女士說,Louis教授似乎只知道一種寫論文的方式,那就是她的方式。男士首先用no kidding的形式表示驚訝,接著補(bǔ)充說,上一學(xué)期她并不是這樣啊。男士的回答暗示上一學(xué)期她比較靈活。
    Conversation One
    W: 【19】Bob, can we really afford a holiday? We’re paying for this house and the furniture is on HP and...
    M: Now listen, Peggy. You work hard and I work hard. 【20】We’re not talking about whether we can have a holiday. We’re talking about where and when.
    W: Shall we go to Sweden?
    M: Sweden is colder than Sheffield. I’d rather not go to Sweden.
    W: What about Florida? Florida’s warmer than Sheffield.
    M: Yes, but it’s a long way. How long does it take to get from here to Florida?
    W: All right. Let’s go to Hawaii.
    M: You must be joking. How much would it cost for the two of us?
    W: But the brochure says the problem of money will disappear. Bob, where do you really want to go?
    M: 【21】I’m thinking of Wales or Scotland. Do you know why?
    W: Yes. They’re right on our doorstep and so close to home.
    Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
    19. What might be the possible relationship between the two speakers?
    20. What are they talking about?
    21. Where does Bob want to go?
    19. 答案D
    解析:從選項(xiàng)可以判斷問題是關(guān)于兩個(gè)人之間的關(guān)系。聽力對話一開始,說兩個(gè)人已經(jīng)買了房子,還買了家具,隨后兩個(gè)人討論度假的問題。從中可以判斷兩個(gè)人有可能的關(guān)系是夫妻。注意聽力開頭提到的HP指hire purchase,為“分期付款”的意思。
    20. 答案B
    解析:根據(jù)選項(xiàng),考生推斷問題可能是兩個(gè)人討論的話題。聽力開始,男士說,我們要討論的,不是能不能去度假,而是什么時(shí)候,去哪里度假。所以選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。
    21. 答案C
    解析:四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是地點(diǎn),考生推斷問題可能是他們度假的地方。聽力后,男士想著要去威爾士或蘇格蘭。而選項(xiàng)A、B、D都是女士建議的地方。
    Conversation Two
    W: What a beautiful day! It’s a shame to stay inside all day.
    M: Do you have a suggestion?
    W: Actually, I guess I do. Why don’t we go for a run?
    M: Well, I really don’t like running.
    W: OK, then. How about roller skating? Don’t you have a pair of skates?
    M: Now that you mention it, I do have a pair. But where could we skate? That’s not an indoor skating rink.
    W: 【22】You know the bike path on the other side of campus—the one that goes through the trees?
    M: Yes?
    W: Well, I’ve seen people skating there, and it’s a really pretty area.
    M: That’s true, but I also remember that there are some hills over there.
    W: So what?
    M: So, I don’t mind going up hills, but I hate going down them, 【23】because I’m not good at stopping. In fact, the only way for me to stop is to jump off the path and hope I land on some thing soft.
    W: Tell you what. 【24】I’ll show you how I stop, and if it doesn’t work you’ll still have the grass to fall back on.
    M: OK. I’m ready, but 【25】I think we should bring something to drink.
    W: 【25】Good idea! What’s in the dorm fridge?
    Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
    22. Where does the woman want to skate?
    23. Why doesn’t the man like skating on hills?
    24. What does the woman offer to do for the man?
    25. What will the speakers probably do next?
    22. 答案B
    解析:選項(xiàng)是一些地點(diǎn),因此在聽力過程中要特別關(guān)注地點(diǎn)的表達(dá)。聽力一開始,女士覺得天氣很好,建議出去玩,后選擇了skate。男士問,在哪里滑呢?女士說,校園另一邊有個(gè)自行車道,可以在那里玩。
    23. 答案A
    解析:選項(xiàng)是一些問題,根據(jù)前題,考生推斷可能是滑冰中出現(xiàn)的困難。聽力中間,男士說,上山?jīng)]有問題,很討厭下山,因?yàn)椴簧瞄L在滑冰中停下來。選項(xiàng)A用have trouble doing的結(jié)構(gòu)表示“干某事有困難”。
    24. 答案D
    解析:選項(xiàng)使用了祈使句,前文講男士在滑冰中停下來有困難。女士說,我可以教你,如果真的不行,你還可以摔在草地上。從中判斷D為正確選項(xiàng)。
    25. 答案C
    解析:選項(xiàng)使用祈使句表示要做的事。聽力后,男士說,可以帶一些喝的東西。女士附和,冰箱里有什么呢?所以接下來,他們有可能做的事,是尋找飲料。
    Section B
    Passage One
    Every person uses its own special words to describe things and express ideas. Some of these expressions are commonly used for many years. Others are popular for just a short time. One such American expression is "Where’s the beef?"【26】It is used when something is not as good as it is said to be. In the early 1980s, "Where’s the beef?" was one of the most popular expressions in the United States. It seemed as if everyone was using it all the time.
    Beef, of course, is the meat from a cow, and probably no food is more popular in America than the hamburger made from beef. 【27】In the 1960s a businessman named Ray Kroc began building small restaurants that sold hamburgers at a low price. Kroc called his restaurant "McDonald’s". 【27】Kroc cooked hamburgers quickly so people in a hurry could buy and eat them without waiting. By the end of the 1960s the McDonald’s Company was selling hamburgers in hundreds of restaurants from California to Maine. 【28】Not surprisingly, Ray Kroc became one of the richest businessmen in America.
    【28】Other business people watched his success. Some of them opened their own hamburger restaurants. One company, called "Wendy’s", began to compete with McDonald’s. Wendy’s said its hamburgers were bigger than those sold by McDonald’s or anyone else. The Wendy’s Company created the expression "Where’s the beef?" to make people believe that Wendy’s hamburgers were the biggest. It produced a television advertisement to sell this idea. The Wendy’s television advertisement showed three old women eating hamburgers. The bread that covered the meat was very big, but inside there was only a tiny bit of meat. "Where’s the beef?" She shouted in a funny voice. These advertisements for Wendy’s hamburger restaurants were a success from the first day they appeared on television. As we said, it seemed everyone began using the expression "Where’s the beef?"
    Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
    26. What does the expression "Where’s the beef?" mean?
    27. Why are hamburgers so popular in America?
    28. Why did other people want to open hamburger restaurant?
    26. 答案B
    解析:選項(xiàng)是解釋說明。聽力一開始講到流行語,并且舉了“Where is the beef” 為例,接下來解釋了這個(gè)短語的意思,“某物并沒有描述的那么好”。選項(xiàng)C是個(gè)干擾項(xiàng),這個(gè)短語流行開來,beef并不特指牛肉這一種東西,而是代指任何東西。
    27. 答案C
    解析:考生可推斷選項(xiàng)A、B、C中的they指代選項(xiàng)D中的hamburgers。聽力中討論了McDonald’s的出現(xiàn)和流行,其中提及漢堡的價(jià)格比較低,很快就能做好,忙碌的人們不用等就能買到。
    28. 答案D
    解析:選項(xiàng)也是說明原因。聽力中提到,Ray Kroc在全國好多地方都開店賣漢堡,成為美國富豪之一。其他生意人看到了他的成功,也相繼開了漢堡店。聯(lián)系前后文,其他人開漢堡店的原因是,也想成功和賺錢。
    Passage Two
    Strikes are very common in Britain. They are extremely harmful to its industries. In fact, there are other countries in Western Europe that lose more working days through strikes every year than Britain. 【29】The trouble with the strikes in Britain is that they occur in essential industries. There are over 495 unions in Britain. Some unions are very small. Over 20 have more than 100,000 members. Unions do not exist only to demand higher wages. They also educate their members. They provide benefits for the sick and try to improve working conditions. Trade unionists say that we must thank the unions for the great improvement in working conditions in the last hundred years. It is now against the law for union members to go on strike without the support of their union. This kind of strike is called unofficial strike and was common until recently. 【30】Employers feel that unofficial strikes were most harmful because they would not be predicted. However, these unofficial strikes still occur from time to time and some unions have also refused to cooperate with the law. 【31】As a result, the general picture of the relations between workers and employers in Britain has gone from bad to worse.
    Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
    29. In what way. are strikes in Britain different from those in other European countries?
    30. Why are British employers so afraid of unofficial strikes?
    31. What conclusion can be drawn from this passage?
    29. 答案A
    解析:聽力篇章一開始講到罷工在英國很常見,歐洲其他國家也有很多罷工,損失的工作日要比英國的多。但英國的問題在于,重要的行業(yè)中有罷工。由此判斷,A為正確選項(xiàng)。
    30. 答案B
    解析:選項(xiàng)是對某一類罷工的描述。聽力后講,雇主認(rèn)為非正式的罷工危害大,因?yàn)樗鼈儾豢深A(yù)測。由此判斷B為正確答案。
    31. 答案D
    解析:選項(xiàng)是總結(jié)性語言??忌勺⒁饴犃ζ碌暮蟛糠帧B犃笾v,員工和雇主之間的關(guān)系是越來越壞。選項(xiàng)D中的tense意為“緊張的”,和聽力原文中的go from bad to worse同義。
    Passage Three
    【32】A person’s social prestige seems to be determined mainly by his or her job. Occupations are valued in terms of the incomes associated with them, although other factors can also be relevant—particular the amount of education a given occupation requires and the degree of control over others it provides. The holders of political power also tend to have high prestige.
    Unlike power and wealth, which do not seem to be becoming more equally shared, 【34】the symbols of prestige have become available to an increasing number of Americans. 【33】The main reason is the radical change in the nature of jobs over the course of this century. 【35】In 1900, nearly 40 percent of the labor force were farm workers and less than 20 percent held white-collar jobs. At the beginning of the 1980s, however, less than 5 percent of the labor force worked on farms and white-collar workers were the largest single occupational category. Blue-collar workers, the largest category in the mid-fifties, now constitute less than a-third of all workers. 【34】The increase in the proportion of high prestige jobs has allowed a much greater number of Americans to enjoy these statuses and the lifestyles that go with them.
    Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
    32. Which is the least important factor relevant to a person’s social status?
    33. Which is the main factor for the rise in the proportion of prestige jobs?
    34. What are a growing number of Americana becoming?
    35. Who made up the largest occupational category in 1900?
    32. 答案C
    解析:選項(xiàng)是四個(gè)名詞的并列。聽力篇章開始講到?jīng)Q定一個(gè)人社會名譽(yù)的因素,其中有工作、收入、教育、對他人的控制權(quán)限以及政治地位,沒有提及的是選項(xiàng)C中的努力。
    33. 答案A
    解析:四個(gè)選項(xiàng)表示變化。聽力中間講更多的美國人都有機(jī)會得到這些名譽(yù),其主要原因是本世紀(jì)工作性質(zhì)的巨大變化。選項(xiàng)A中的occupation和原文中的job同義。
    34. 答案D
    解析:選項(xiàng)是四種職業(yè),考生要特別注意,選項(xiàng)A和C都屬于藍(lán)領(lǐng)職業(yè)。聽力中間講到藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人,在農(nóng)場上工作的人們越來越少,人們在選擇更有地位的職業(yè)。選項(xiàng)B是干擾項(xiàng),大部分美國人不可能都成為政治家。
    35. 答案B
    解析:選項(xiàng)是關(guān)于某一類職業(yè)。聽力后半部分講,1900年,40%的人在農(nóng)場工作,所以選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。選項(xiàng)C是個(gè)干擾項(xiàng),50年代中期藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人占得比重大。
    Section C
    36. 答案 personalities
    解析:personality是個(gè)比較常見的名詞,“個(gè)性,特色,名人”,本句話中意為“名人”??忌貏e注意名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。
    37. 答案presented
    解析:present作為動詞,意為“呈現(xiàn),展示,提出”。此句使用了被動語態(tài),考生要注意動詞的過去分詞。
    38. 答案uphold
    解析:此處是個(gè)動詞作謂語。uphold意為“支持,贊成,鼓勵(lì)”。
    39. 答案distinguishes
    解析:distinguish表示“區(qū)別”,常用的結(jié)構(gòu)為distinguish between A and B,distinguish A from B。此處which指代前面的a code,所以distinguish使用了第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
    40. 答案column
    解析:這個(gè)名詞相對來說比較常見,報(bào)紙上的column指的是“專欄,欄目”。
    41. 答案advocate
    解析:advocate意為“主張,提倡”。這個(gè)動詞比較常見,考生要特別注意拼寫形式。
    42. 答案desires
    解析:desire是個(gè)常見動詞。主語是第三人稱,考生要注意動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
    43. 答案costly
    解析:costly和前面的expensively同義,表示“昂貴地”。
    44. 答案 these large newspapers tend to reflect the views of their owners in their editorials on economic and political matters
    解析:此句大意為:大型報(bào)紙更愿意反映他們自己在經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治事件上的觀點(diǎn)。editorial前文出現(xiàn)過,應(yīng)該不能成為聽力的難點(diǎn)。此句的重要詞匯為:reflect,economic,political。
    45. 答案 the great press associations usually can be relied on to keep their news impartial
    解析:前文講到,應(yīng)該報(bào)道完整的、客觀的事實(shí)。考生可推測此句大意:大型報(bào)紙和大型出版公司,他們報(bào)道的公平性是可以信賴的??忌⒁?,此句使用了被動句,動詞詞組rely on的被動形式中on不能省略。此句需要注意的詞匯:associations,impartial。
    46. 答案 often deliberately "color" the news to favor or oppose certain groups or movements
    解析:連詞but說明此句和上一句是對比關(guān)系。大型出版社的報(bào)道比較客觀公正,而沒有多少道德感的出版社會故意地傾向或反對某些團(tuán)體、行動。此句需要注意的詞匯:deliberately,favor,oppose。  Part IV Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)
    Section A
    原文精譯
    目前,報(bào)紙的分類廣告中有一類新型小廣告,數(shù)量越來越多,越來越常見。有時(shí)候它出現(xiàn)在“招聘”廣告這一欄,卻不提供任何工作;有時(shí)候出現(xiàn)在“求職”這一欄,卻沒有說明是誰在找工作?!?7】它的任務(wù)是,為申請工作提供幫助。
    它經(jīng)常這么描述,“申請之前請先與我們聯(lián)系”,或“在準(zhǔn)備簡歷或工作經(jīng)歷方面,我們可以提供寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)”?!?8】這種特別服務(wù)的出現(xiàn)并獲得顯著成功,反映了當(dāng)前極高的失業(yè)率,也暗示簡歷(或工作經(jīng)歷)越來越重要,同時(shí)也表明它本身就是一門藝術(shù)。
    曾經(jīng),【49】求職者只需要寫簡單的求職信。我畢業(yè)的時(shí)候,對正在尋找人生第一份工作的年輕人,大家給出的一般建議是,“只用寫下姓名,地址,年齡,有沒有通過何種考試”。人們解釋說,【49】求職信僅僅是開門磚而已,其他一切信息可能、也應(yīng)該留給面試時(shí)提供。在那個(gè)人人有工作的年代,這樣做確實(shí)有效。信件證明你能夠書寫,可以工作。你渴望的神情與睿智的回答則解決了剩余的問題。
    隨后,當(dāng)你往上爬的時(shí)候,需要稍微復(fù)雜的東西。這時(shí)候的建議是,【50】信中需要添加信息把你和其他人區(qū)分開來。有可能采取強(qiáng)硬的態(tài)度:“招聘現(xiàn)在即可停止,我就是你要找的那個(gè)人。”這招常用,偶爾也會成功;有時(shí)候則需要為面試專門設(shè)計(jì)一些特色。
    【51】但是,毋庸置疑,不管什么時(shí)候招聘,持有大學(xué)畢業(yè)證的求職者越來越多,致使簡歷變得越來越重要。
    47. 答案offering useful advice to those looking for employment
    解析:根據(jù)題干,考生可鎖定文章第一段。第一段段末,講到報(bào)紙上有一個(gè)專欄專門為就業(yè)提供有用的建議。考生要注意,offer在原文中用在to后面做不定式,而此處用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作后置定語,修飾前面的名詞advertisement。
    48. 答案there are so many people out of work
    解析:根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞specialized type of service,考生可定位到原文中The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is,of course,a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment。所以需要這種服務(wù)的原因在于很多人失業(yè)了。
    49. 答案keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview
    解析:根據(jù)題干,考生可將答案定位在文章的第三段。其中講到,你只需要寫簡單的求職信,而其他一切信息要留在面試的時(shí)候??忌枰獙⒈径蔚男畔⒖偨Y(jié)一下:一直把詳細(xì)信息保留到面試的時(shí)候。
    50. 答案something that would distinguish one from other applicants
    解析:根據(jù)題干中的later,可將答案定位在文章的第四段。其中講到,你想往上爬,必須有與眾不同的東西。考生要注意,include的賓語為something,隨后使用定語從句來確定“某事”的具體內(nèi)容。
    51. 答案there has been an increase in the number of applicants with degrees
    解析:文章的后一段講到簡歷越來越重要的原因,持有大學(xué)畢業(yè)證的人數(shù)越來越多。篇章中的原句是個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,考生要注意修改以符合英語語法,比如the applicants with university education are increasing。
    Section B
    Passage One
    原文精譯
    現(xiàn)在日常生活中越來越多的領(lǐng)域內(nèi)都使用了電腦。不僅教會電腦下西洋棋,它還會下國際象棋,這些相對來說比較準(zhǔn)確的衡量了電腦的進(jìn)步,它擁有了從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中學(xué)習(xí)的能力。
    象棋要求邏輯推理,這似乎很適合電腦。程序設(shè)計(jì)員只須給電腦一個(gè)程序,評估針對可能走的每一步會采用的招數(shù),這樣電腦每都會贏。這種方法理論上講是合理的;實(shí)踐上卻不可能。目前,性能極好的電腦每秒鐘可分析4萬步棋,這個(gè)速度很驚人。但象棋中可能的走法卻是個(gè)天文數(shù)字——確切的說有幾萬億。即使能寫出這種程序(只要有足夠多的人花足夠多的時(shí)間,理論上是可能的),也沒有電腦能儲存如此多的數(shù)據(jù)。
    因此,如果電腦想打冠軍賽,必須用稍微少一點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)來運(yùn)行程序。【55】它必須能夠從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中學(xué)習(xí),可以調(diào)整自己的程序,處理相對來說沒有條理的情況,簡而言之,要能自己思考。事實(shí)上,這是可以做到的。下象棋的電腦還沒有打敗所有的世界冠軍,但有幾臺已經(jīng)打敗了級別只比冠軍低一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的玩家?!?3】【56】電腦程序已經(jīng)使象棋游戲度過了開始的機(jī)械階段,進(jìn)入了推理和學(xué)習(xí)階段,有時(shí)候會贏得比賽。
    【54】有其他證據(jù)證明,可以給電腦設(shè)置程序讓他們學(xué)習(xí),但這一個(gè)例子足以說明問題。【52】的確,電腦贏得象棋比賽,也不是件震撼全球的事情。但是,人類有很多嚴(yán)重的問題,可以通過游戲的解決方式獲得成效。國防部門使用電腦來玩戰(zhàn)爭游戲,找出解決國際爭端的策略?!?2】其他問題,比如國際關(guān)系,人際關(guān)系,生態(tài)和經(jīng)濟(jì),日益嚴(yán)重的世界饑荒,都可以通過人類和智能計(jì)算機(jī)的共同努力來解決。
    52. 答案D
    解析:本題是個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。文章后一段,講到電腦可能會幫人類解決的問題,比如打敗世界冠軍,解決國際關(guān)系,處理世界饑荒等,沒有提到的是選項(xiàng)D中的工業(yè)問題。
    53. 答案A
    解析:本題是個(gè)建立在細(xì)節(jié)上的推斷題。文章第三段特別分析了電腦和人類下象棋的問題。很明顯,象棋還沒有打敗所有的世界冠軍,但贏得了其他一些象棋玩家。這個(gè)例子說明電腦已經(jīng)發(fā)展到一個(gè)新的階段,會推理和學(xué)習(xí)。
    54. 答案B
    解析:本題是個(gè)總結(jié)概括題。文章的后一段開始講到,可以給電腦設(shè)置程序,讓他們學(xué)習(xí);接著講到,國防部門可以從中找到解決國際紛爭的策略;后提及,人類很多問題可通過和智能電腦的共同努力來解決。從中可以看出,作者非??春秒娔X的未來用途。
    55. 答案B
    解析:本題是個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的think,考生可將答案定位在文章的第三段。簡而言之,電腦要會思考,要具有學(xué)習(xí)能力、調(diào)整能力,可以處理相對來說沒有條理的情況等。選項(xiàng)C是個(gè)干擾項(xiàng),原文用的是a relatively unstructured situation,而并不是all the unstructured situation。
    56. 答案C
    解析:本題是個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干,考生可鎖定文章的第四段。段末講,現(xiàn)在電腦在下棋方面,進(jìn)入了學(xué)習(xí)推理階段,后可贏得比賽。由此細(xì)節(jié),判斷C為正確答案。
    Passage Two
    原文精譯
    【57】為了降低酷熱的影響,生活在沙漠中的大型動物已經(jīng)進(jìn)化來適應(yīng)這種環(huán)境?!?8】【61】其中一種進(jìn)化適應(yīng)是,顏色變淺,用以反射而不是吸收太陽光線。沙漠哺乳動物維持體溫恒定的方式與普通哺乳動物不同。它們并不試圖通過消耗體內(nèi)水分和能量來降低體內(nèi)溫度。相反,它們可以允許體溫上升到一般認(rèn)為是發(fā)燒的溫度。人們在大羚羊身上就測到過高達(dá)46度的體溫。超熱的體溫在沙漠寒冷的夜里降下來,甚至在拂曉前會降得異常低,駱駝可以低至34攝氏度。這是個(gè)優(yōu)勢,吸收日照開始幾小時(shí)的熱量來溫暖身體,過度的熱量直到日中才開始聚集。
    【59】大型沙漠動物的另一個(gè)策略是,【61】可以忍受體內(nèi)水分流失到一定的程度,而這種程度對不適應(yīng)的動物來講是致命的。駱駝失水達(dá)到體重的30%對其本身并無傷害,但人類在失水僅達(dá)到12%—13%時(shí)就會死亡。同樣重要的另一個(gè)進(jìn)化是,【61】喝水就能夠補(bǔ)充喪失的水分?!?9】沙漠動物短時(shí)間內(nèi)可以喝大量的水,已知駱駝短短幾分鐘內(nèi)可以喝水100多升。而一個(gè)嚴(yán)重脫水的人,不能性的喝大量的水來補(bǔ)充所缺水分。這是因?yàn)槿说奈覆粔虼?,同時(shí)體液的過快稀釋會導(dǎo)致水中毒而引起死亡。能夠忍受水分流失,是在沙漠中生存的一個(gè)顯著優(yōu)勢,【60】這樣動物可以不用必須住在水源旁,而能在廣闊的草原上四處覓食。即使特別干旱的情況下,適應(yīng)沙漠的哺乳動物也可以正常飲食生活。而對人類來講,人們的普遍感受是,即便在中等干渴的時(shí)候,也會失去胃口。
    57. 答案A
    解析:本題是個(gè)總結(jié)概括題。本篇文章主要講述為了適應(yīng)沙漠環(huán)境,大型哺乳動物在體溫方面、忍受水分流失等方面的進(jìn)化,從而說明動物可采取不同的策略來生存。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
    58. 答案B
    解析:本題是個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干,可將答案定位在文章的第一段。顏色變淺,是為了反射太陽光,所以B為正確選項(xiàng)。
    59. 答案C
    解析:本題是個(gè)建立在細(xì)節(jié)上的推斷題。根據(jù)題干,考生可鎖定文章的第二段。一開始講,對于不適應(yīng)沙漠環(huán)境的動物來講,水分流失是致命的。接下來講到原因,因?yàn)樗麄儧]有辦法在短時(shí)間內(nèi)補(bǔ)充足夠的水分,所以C為正確答案。
    60. 答案D
    解析:本題是個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干中用到imply,表示“暗示”,說明文章并沒有直接說明。選項(xiàng)A、B、C文章中并沒有提及,也無從判斷。文章第二段段末講到,能夠忍受水分流失,在沙漠中至關(guān)重要。原因在于,動物可以不必一定生活在水邊,可以在廣闊的草原上四處走動尋找食物。從中可以推理,它們有能力長途跋涉,喂飽自己。
    61. 答案C
    解析:本題是個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)題。選項(xiàng)A和D出現(xiàn)在文章的第一段,選項(xiàng)B出現(xiàn)在文章的第二段。只有選項(xiàng)C沒有提及。  Part V Cloze
    原文精譯
    記憶在我們的生命中很特殊。孩提時(shí)代早的記憶是什么?你能記得學(xué)習(xí)走路或說話時(shí)的樣子嗎?記得第聽到雷聲或第看電視節(jié)目的情形嗎?成年人很難回想起上學(xué)以前的事情,就像三四歲以前的小孩很難記得確切的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷。心理學(xué)家有各種不同的解釋來解讀這種“兒童失憶癥”。其中一個(gè)認(rèn)為,腦內(nèi)的海馬狀突起,即大腦負(fù)責(zé)記憶的區(qū)域,到兩歲才成熟。但是比較流行的理論卻認(rèn)為,由于成年人的思維方式和孩子不一樣,他們并不能反應(yīng)孩子的記憶方式。成年人以“詞”的形式來思考,他們的人生記憶,就像是故事或記敘文,如同小說或電影中的事件,一個(gè)接一個(gè)。但是當(dāng)他們搜索自己的記憶庫,尋找兒提時(shí)代的記憶來豐富這個(gè)人生故事,他們找不到任何符合這個(gè)模板的材料,好像是在英語字典里找漢字一樣。
    現(xiàn)在紐約州立大學(xué)心理學(xué)家Annette Simms為“兒童失憶癥”提供了新的解釋。她認(rèn)為,根本就沒有可以回憶的兒時(shí)記憶。Simms博士認(rèn)為,孩子需要通過和別人交流描述自己的經(jīng)歷,來把他們的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷從短期、易忘的印象轉(zhuǎn)化為長期記憶。換句話說,孩子必須講述他們的經(jīng)歷,聽他人談?wù)摻?jīng)歷,比如媽媽談?wù)撓挛缭诤_厯熵悮さ氖虑?,爸爸詢問他們在海洋公園如何度過了一天。Simms博士說,沒有這種語言強(qiáng)化,孩子沒有辦法形成對個(gè)人經(jīng)歷的記憶。
    62. 答案D
    解析:考生要注意前后文的對應(yīng)。此空和or后面的成分并列,看電視,聽到雷聲,所以D為正確答案。
    63. 答案C
    解析:文章一開始就講到人們能不能記起以前的事情,接下來舉了一系列的例子。此空用recall表示“回憶,回想”,和前文呼應(yīng)。
    64. 答案B
    解析:as連接這個(gè)句子,表示類比。前面講到成年人很難記起以前的記憶,孩子也很難回憶起具體的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷。選項(xiàng)B中的rarely和前面句子中的seldom是同義詞。
    65. 答案C
    解析:本空是個(gè)比較固定的動賓搭配。心理學(xué)家提出了很多解釋,propose意為“提出,建議”。
    66. 答案A
    解析:not...until是個(gè)常見的句子結(jié)構(gòu),“直到……才”。孩子的記憶區(qū)域直到2歲左右才發(fā)育完全。
    67.答案D
    解析:but的使用告訴考生,后面這個(gè)理論和前面的解釋應(yīng)該是相反的。選項(xiàng)A中的magnify意為“放大,夸大”;選項(xiàng)B中的intervene原意為“干涉,干預(yù)”;選項(xiàng)C中contain意為“包括,包含”,均不符合題意;選項(xiàng)D中的maintain意為“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”。but后面的這句話討論現(xiàn)在比較流行的觀點(diǎn)看法。
    68.答案A
    解析:這個(gè)理論是,成人和孩子思考的方式不一樣,所以他們并不能反映兒時(shí)的記憶。選項(xiàng)B中attain意為“達(dá)到,得到”;選項(xiàng)C中access意為“進(jìn)入,獲取”;選項(xiàng)D中refer意為“指的是”。
    69.答案A
    解析:本句是個(gè)比喻,把成人的記憶比作故事,空白處之后有一個(gè)解釋說明,就像小說或電影中一個(gè)接一個(gè)的事件,從中可以推斷這是記敘文的形式。
    70.答案B
    解析:one經(jīng)常和another連用,表示一個(gè)接一個(gè)。
    71.答案D
    解析:上文把成人的記憶比作故事;本句意為“他們從記憶庫中搜索兒時(shí)的記憶”,在這里用file是個(gè)暗喻,file本意為“檔案”,這里指的是“腦海中存放記憶的地方”。
    72.答案B
    解析:上文把成人的記憶也比作記敘文。成人搜索記憶庫,沒有任何記憶符合這個(gè)模板,“模板”在這里是個(gè)暗喻,是針對“成人的記憶是記述文”這個(gè)比喻的。選項(xiàng)C中的frame意為“框架,股價(jià)”。
    73.答案C
    解析:此空比較簡單。對于“兒童失憶癥”有不同的解釋,而心理學(xué)家Annette Simms提出了另外一種解釋。
    74.答案A
    解析:本句主句用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),所以賓語從句也選擇一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。There be結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂一致,要求be動詞和后面的名詞一致。名詞使用了復(fù)數(shù)形式memories,所以謂語使用了aren’t。
    75.答案D
    解析:本文講的是孩子要記住自己的經(jīng)歷,既需要自己的描述,也需要聽別人的談?wù)?。因?yàn)槲恼孪挛牧信e了媽媽和爸爸的例子,都是別人的,可見這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的應(yīng)該是別人的描述,所以選擇D中的someone else’s。
    76.答案A
    解析:此空之前用short-term來修飾后面的印象impression,前文Dr. Simms也說了,孩子沒有記憶。所以這種印象很快就會忘記。選項(xiàng)A中forgotten表示“已經(jīng)忘記的”;而選項(xiàng)C中forgetting意為“正在忘記的”。
    77.答案C
    解析:這是個(gè)固定短語,in other words,“也就是說,換句話說”。
    78.答案B
    解析:此空選擇了名詞性物主代詞,theirs這里指的是their experiences。孩子不僅要談?wù)撟约旱慕?jīng)歷,也要聽別人討論經(jīng)歷。
    79.答案D
    解析:這里用動詞的過去分詞做后置定語?;ㄙM(fèi)時(shí)間做某事,一般使用動詞短語spend time doing sth.,此空中,用spent作后置定語修飾前面表示時(shí)間的the afternoon。
    80.答案B
    解析:Dr. Simms一直在強(qiáng)調(diào)孩子要說,也要聽他人說。選項(xiàng)B中的verbal意為“口頭的,語言方面的”。
    81.答案A
    解析:第二段開頭部分,Dr. Simms認(rèn)為,通過口頭表達(dá)可以把短暫記憶轉(zhuǎn)化為長期記憶。而第二段段末,重復(fù)了她的觀點(diǎn)。這里,選項(xiàng)A中permanent和long-term是同義詞,“長期的,永久的”。
    Part VI Translation
    82.答案to become as strong and brave as heroes
    解析:本題是對比較級的考查?!昂汀粯印痹谟⒄Z中用as...as結(jié)構(gòu)。電影中的主角用名詞hero??忌⒁庵髡Z用的是名詞復(fù)數(shù),此處hero也需要名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式heroes。
    83.答案that the human mind can succeed in understanding the universe
    解析:本句是對表語從句的考查。is后面是個(gè)句子作表語,所以使用that引導(dǎo)的表語從句,that不能省略?!耙欢堋笨梢杂胹ucceed in doing的結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。
    84.答案not unquestioning agreement but conflict
    解析:本句使用了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,對主語進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。本題主要考查短語“not...but”,意為“不是……而是”。英文中用conflict和agreement表示“沖突”和“一致”。
    85.答案capable of finding a final solution to this thorny matter
    解析:主句中be動詞的使用要求考生運(yùn)用形容詞表示能力,可以用be able to do的結(jié)構(gòu),也可以用be capable of doing的結(jié)構(gòu)??忌貏e注意,solution后面要用介詞to,表示“某個(gè)問題的解決方案”。
    86.答案original, independent, and heroic
    解析:本題是對考生詞匯量以及詞義的考查。這里用到original表示“有創(chuàng)意的,新穎的”,independent表示“與眾不同的,獨(dú)樹一幟的”,heroic表示“英勇的,巨大的,有氣勢的”。