2011年英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試語(yǔ)法輔導(dǎo)之虛擬語(yǔ)句
虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1. 表示現(xiàn)在/過(guò)去/將來(lái)情況的虛擬條件句
虛擬條件句主要有三種結(jié)構(gòu)：
1） 表示與現(xiàn)在情況相反：主句謂語(yǔ)用“would / could / might +動(dòng)詞原形”，從句謂語(yǔ)用“動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)”（動(dòng)詞be的過(guò)去式一律用were）。
If I were you， I would not accept his offer.
If I had time， I would certainly go to the cinema with you.
2） 表示與過(guò)去情況相反：主句謂語(yǔ)用“would / could / might + have +過(guò)去分詞”，從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
If I had got up a little earlier， I wouldn’t have missed the train.
If I had been more careful， I might have passed that exam.
3） 表示與將來(lái)情況相反：主句謂語(yǔ)用“would / could / might +動(dòng)詞原形”，從句謂語(yǔ)用“were +動(dòng)詞不定式”或“should +動(dòng)詞原形”。
If I were to do the job， I would not be able to have enough time to study.
If it should rain tomorrow， I would not go out with you.
2. 虛擬條件句連接詞if的省略
如果虛擬條件句的從句中含有were， had， should， could等詞時(shí)，可以省略連接詞if，但這時(shí)必須把were， had， should， could等詞移到主語(yǔ)前面，形成倒裝。這種句型主要用于書(shū)面形式。
Were I to do the job， I would finish doing it within two weeks.
Had it not been for his help， we couldn’t have arrived there on time.
Should it rain tomorrow， I would stay at home.
3. wish后賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成
動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，其賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，有以下三種構(gòu)成形式。
1） 表示現(xiàn)在不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。（be的過(guò)去式為were）。
I wish I had enough money to buy a car.
I wish I were as young and energetic as you.
2） 表示過(guò)去未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)（had +過(guò)去分詞）或“would / could + have +過(guò)去分詞 ”。
I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.
I wish I could have done it better.
3） 表示將來(lái)不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would / should （could， might） +動(dòng)詞原形”。
I wish I would not get old.
I wish I could travel around the world one day.
虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1. 表示現(xiàn)在/過(guò)去/將來(lái)情況的虛擬條件句
虛擬條件句主要有三種結(jié)構(gòu)：
1） 表示與現(xiàn)在情況相反：主句謂語(yǔ)用“would / could / might +動(dòng)詞原形”，從句謂語(yǔ)用“動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)”（動(dòng)詞be的過(guò)去式一律用were）。
If I were you， I would not accept his offer.
If I had time， I would certainly go to the cinema with you.
2） 表示與過(guò)去情況相反：主句謂語(yǔ)用“would / could / might + have +過(guò)去分詞”，從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
If I had got up a little earlier， I wouldn’t have missed the train.
If I had been more careful， I might have passed that exam.
3） 表示與將來(lái)情況相反：主句謂語(yǔ)用“would / could / might +動(dòng)詞原形”，從句謂語(yǔ)用“were +動(dòng)詞不定式”或“should +動(dòng)詞原形”。
If I were to do the job， I would not be able to have enough time to study.
If it should rain tomorrow， I would not go out with you.
2. 虛擬條件句連接詞if的省略
如果虛擬條件句的從句中含有were， had， should， could等詞時(shí)，可以省略連接詞if，但這時(shí)必須把were， had， should， could等詞移到主語(yǔ)前面，形成倒裝。這種句型主要用于書(shū)面形式。
Were I to do the job， I would finish doing it within two weeks.
Had it not been for his help， we couldn’t have arrived there on time.
Should it rain tomorrow， I would stay at home.
3. wish后賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成
動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，其賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，有以下三種構(gòu)成形式。
1） 表示現(xiàn)在不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。（be的過(guò)去式為were）。
I wish I had enough money to buy a car.
I wish I were as young and energetic as you.
2） 表示過(guò)去未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)（had +過(guò)去分詞）或“would / could + have +過(guò)去分詞 ”。
I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.
I wish I could have done it better.
3） 表示將來(lái)不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would / should （could， might） +動(dòng)詞原形”。
I wish I would not get old.
I wish I could travel around the world one day.