非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞三大類:分詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式
分詞??碱}型:做狀語(yǔ)、做定語(yǔ)
分詞作狀語(yǔ)形式:主謂賓
不管謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),只看主語(yǔ)能不能做這件事。
分詞作狀語(yǔ)題型,不定式不是答案。
永遠(yuǎn)不是答案的形式:having +v-ed, been+ v-ed, be+ v-ed
過(guò)去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng)進(jìn)行。
例:_____, I am listening to the music.
A) Standing by Mr. LiuB) Stood by Mr.Liu
注:看主語(yǔ)能不能發(fā)出這個(gè)動(dòng)作,還是動(dòng)作的承受者來(lái)選擇是-ing還是-ed
[P11-43] No matter how frequently ___, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.A) performed B) performing C) to be performed D) being performed
注:“空格+逗號(hào)+主謂賓”表示分詞作狀語(yǔ)。
現(xiàn)在分詞的常見形式:
1. 一般式:v-ing 與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同步發(fā)生。
2. being+ v-ed 表示正在被做。
3. having +ed 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。(在四級(jí)考試中不是正確答案)
Having destroyed their house, they lived in a cave
[P29-22] ___ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth. A) Having believed B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed
注:分詞作狀語(yǔ)題型。
[P57-68] ___ in this way, the situation doesn‘t seem so disappointing.
A) To look at B) Looking at C) Looked at D) To be looked at
注:分詞作狀語(yǔ)題型,A和D選項(xiàng)首先排除,situation和look是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以選C
[P57-69] A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough ______ 。
A) nuisance B) trouble C) worry D) anxiety
注:nuisance 討厭的人www.ExamW.CoM
單詞記憶:
exhaust 使精疲力盡 sting 蜇,咬 bruise 瘀傷 black and blue 青一塊,紫一塊,遍體鱗傷的
brutal 殘忍的 kagroo 袋鼠 cougar 美洲獅 ignore 忽視 ignorant 無(wú)知的
ignorance 無(wú)知 ambition 雄心,野心 sneer 輕視,蔑視
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu):
1、名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞
2、在句中作狀語(yǔ)
3、分詞的一種,也有分詞的幾種事時(shí)態(tài)
4、with/ without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
P41-49] All things _________, the planned trip will have to be called off.
A) considered B) be considered C) considering D) having considered
注:分詞題型中 having +ed 都不要考慮
P6-58]The speaker, _________ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience .A) having known B) being known C) knowing D) known
注:having + v-ed做定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)都不會(huì)是答案
[P22-44]Homework _________ on time will lead to better grades.
A) done B) be done C) having done D) to have been done
[P22-45]The speech _________, a lively discussion started.
A) being delivered B) was delivered C) be delivered D) having been delivered
注:1. 考的是過(guò)去式獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
2. 按時(shí)間順序,先講座后討論,所以選D。
[P37-36]As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town _____ 50 households or more.
A) having B) to have C) to have had D) having had
[P44-48]The speech which he made _____ the project has bothered me greatly.
A) being concerned B) concerned C) be concerned D) concerning
注:1. which he made定語(yǔ)從句本身不是劃線的內(nèi)容的話,可以將其去掉不考慮。
2. concerning 為介詞,關(guān)于。相當(dāng)于 about/ over(國(guó)外常用); concerning/ as to(國(guó)內(nèi)考試用)。
3. bother 打擾;brother 兄弟 fiend 魔鬼;friend 朋友