2011年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試輔導(dǎo)之語(yǔ)法精講(1)

字號(hào):

一、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞??键c(diǎn):
    時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、情態(tài)、倒裝、主謂一致
    二、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)(共有16 種):
    時(shí)間:過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)、過(guò)將(虛擬)
    狀態(tài):一般、進(jìn)行、完成、完成進(jìn)行
    三、四級(jí)考試中主要考的三個(gè)時(shí)態(tài):
    過(guò)去完成時(shí)、將來(lái)完成時(shí)、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
    1、過(guò)去完成時(shí):到過(guò)去某個(gè)點(diǎn)為止所完成的動(dòng)作;在過(guò)去發(fā)生了兩個(gè)動(dòng)作,先過(guò)去完成時(shí)后一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
    過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)常常成對(duì)出現(xiàn)。
    [P2-53]We _________ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.
    A) just have had B) have just had C) just had D) had just had
    [P28-25]Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it _________ necessary for all planes to land for refueling.
    A) would be B) has been C) had been D) would have been
    注:時(shí)態(tài)題,A和D是虛擬語(yǔ)氣,應(yīng)排除。過(guò)去完成時(shí)所以選C。
    A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, _______ from the sort of candles used only in churches.
    A) had come B) coming C) come D) that came
    注:1. because 從句缺謂語(yǔ)
    2. 兩個(gè)逗號(hào)中間的found on his clothes 是插入成分
    William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, _______ defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion. A) peculiarly B) indifferently C) vigorously D) inevitably
    注:1. peculiarly 奇怪地 2. indifferently 冷漠地 3. inevitably 不可避免地
    Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _______ in the marker. A) batteries B) bargains C) baskets D) barrels
    [P56-23]Not until the game had begun_______ at the sports ground.
    A) had he arrived B) would he have arrived C) did he arrive D) should he have arrived
    注:Not until 連詞,標(biāo)明從句。主句倒裝,從句不倒裝。
    Not until the vacation had begun did I pay tuition.
    Not until I had met Lily did I realize the importance of English.
    Not until I had met Lily did I realize that learning English is so easy
    2、將來(lái)完成時(shí):到將來(lái)某個(gè)點(diǎn)為止所完成的動(dòng)作。
    We‘ll have learned 3000 words by the end of this year.
    by then 到那個(gè)時(shí)候
    [P8-45]By the end of this month, we surely _________ a satisfactory solution to the problem.A) have found B) will be finding C) will have found D) are finding
    [P8-49]Not _________, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture.A) obviously B) surprisingly C) particularly D) normally
    [P26-39]
    It’s reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _________ by about 10%.A) will have risen B) has risen C) will be rising D) has been rising
    注:rise to 上升到 rise by 上升了
    [P54-55]Between 1974 and 1997,the number of overseas visitors expanded ______ 27%.A) by B) for C) to D) in
    [P54-54]It is our ______ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.A) consistent B) continuous C) considerate D) continual
    注:continuous 連續(xù)不斷的 considerate 體貼的 continual 時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)的,斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的
    [P54-56]Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful ______ it forces people to test the relative merits of their attitudes are behaviors.
    A) by which B) to which C) in that D) so that 注:in that 因?yàn)?BR>    [P26-34]We gave out a cheer when the red roof of the cottage came _________ view.
    A) from B) in C) before D) into
    [P25-29]Although I like the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful _________ through the window.
    A) vision B) look C) picture D) view
    [P24-66]I have no objection _________ the evening with them.
    A) to spend B) to spending C) of spending D) spending
    [P43-47]My train arrives in New York at eight o‘clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _________ by then. A) would leave B) will have left C) has left D) had left
    注:時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,條件狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。
    [P43-51]All flights _________ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
    A) had been canceled B) have been canceled C) were canceled D) having been canceled
    注:because of 介詞,此句為單句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有一個(gè),所以選非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。獨(dú)立主格
    [P43-53]Remember that customers don’t _________ about prices in that city.
    A) debate B) consult C) dispute D) bargain 注:1. bargain 討價(jià)還價(jià) 2. debate 辯論,爭(zhēng)論 3. consult 咨詢4. dispute 辯論,爭(zhēng)吵 dispute over
    [P45-42]By the end of the year all but two people _________.
    A) have left B) will leave C) will be leaving D) will have left
    [P45-70]Our journey was slow because the train stopped _________ at different villages
    .A) unceasingly B) gradually C) continuously D) continually
    注:1. journey 旅行2. unceasingly 不停地,連續(xù)不斷地3. gradually 逐漸地
    4. continuously 連續(xù)不斷地 5. continually 時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)地,斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地
    [P44-58]These two areas are similar _________ they both have a high rainfall during this season.
    A) to that B) besides that C) in that D) except that
    [P66-41]By the time you get to New York, I ______ for London.
    A) would be leaving B) am leaving C) have already left D) shall have left
    [P63-31]By the time he arrives in Beijing, we ______ here for two days.
    A) will have stayed B) shall stay C) have been staying D) have stayed