五個(gè)基本句型
根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的特性，構(gòu)成英語中五個(gè)基本句型：
1) 主語 + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語
2) 主語 + 不及物動(dòng)詞 (+ 其他成分)
3) 主語 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語
4) 主語 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 雙賓語
5) 主語 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語
我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)5個(gè)基本句型時(shí)，主要關(guān)心每個(gè)句型中的出題點(diǎn)在哪里。
(一)第一句型：主語 + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語
1) 系動(dòng)詞一般為be 動(dòng)詞。
注意：look, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, become, come, go, turn, grow, keep, seem, stand等詞可以作"半系動(dòng)詞"用，按行為動(dòng)詞方式變化，起系動(dòng)詞的作用。
試驗(yàn)比較：
—— He felt the pockets thoroughly but did not find a single penny.(他摸遍了口袋但沒有找到一分錢?！?feel為行為動(dòng)詞)
—— You look pale. Do you feel unwell? (你臉色蒼白，感到不舒服?—— look / feel為系動(dòng)詞)
一般來說，動(dòng)詞后面跟的是個(gè)形容詞或名詞，該動(dòng)詞為系動(dòng)詞， 如：The plan sounds perfect. / The flower smells nice. / The dish tastes delicious. / It is getting dark.
實(shí)例：
"Don't worry. Let me take your pulse first." "Oh, it ______ normal." (脈搏正常)
A. is felt
B. is feeling
C. feels
D. felt
解題思路：normal為形容詞，前面應(yīng)為系動(dòng)詞;系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故A不對(duì); look, feel, sound, taste, smell, seem等半系動(dòng)詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)，B也不對(duì);D時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)了，故正確答案為C.
2)there be是英語中非常重要的一個(gè)句型： there是引導(dǎo)詞，不解釋 "那里"; 這是個(gè)倒裝句, 主語在be動(dòng)詞的后面, be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由后面的主語決定。
注意中國(guó)學(xué)生容易搞錯(cuò)的問題：
There isn't enough furniture in the room.(房間里家具不夠)
錯(cuò)：There hasn't enough furniture in the room.
There is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China.(毫無疑問，中國(guó)已消滅天花。)
錯(cuò)：It is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China.
There is ample evidence that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. (充分證據(jù)表明，愛滋病正在亞洲迅速蔓延。—— 同位語從句)
錯(cuò)：It is evidence that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. (可以： It is evident that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. - 主語從句)
根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的特性，構(gòu)成英語中五個(gè)基本句型：
1) 主語 + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語
2) 主語 + 不及物動(dòng)詞 (+ 其他成分)
3) 主語 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語
4) 主語 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 雙賓語
5) 主語 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語
我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)5個(gè)基本句型時(shí)，主要關(guān)心每個(gè)句型中的出題點(diǎn)在哪里。
(一)第一句型：主語 + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語
1) 系動(dòng)詞一般為be 動(dòng)詞。
注意：look, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, become, come, go, turn, grow, keep, seem, stand等詞可以作"半系動(dòng)詞"用，按行為動(dòng)詞方式變化，起系動(dòng)詞的作用。
試驗(yàn)比較：
—— He felt the pockets thoroughly but did not find a single penny.(他摸遍了口袋但沒有找到一分錢?！?feel為行為動(dòng)詞)
—— You look pale. Do you feel unwell? (你臉色蒼白，感到不舒服?—— look / feel為系動(dòng)詞)
一般來說，動(dòng)詞后面跟的是個(gè)形容詞或名詞，該動(dòng)詞為系動(dòng)詞， 如：The plan sounds perfect. / The flower smells nice. / The dish tastes delicious. / It is getting dark.
實(shí)例：
"Don't worry. Let me take your pulse first." "Oh, it ______ normal." (脈搏正常)
A. is felt
B. is feeling
C. feels
D. felt
解題思路：normal為形容詞，前面應(yīng)為系動(dòng)詞;系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故A不對(duì); look, feel, sound, taste, smell, seem等半系動(dòng)詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)，B也不對(duì);D時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)了，故正確答案為C.
2)there be是英語中非常重要的一個(gè)句型： there是引導(dǎo)詞，不解釋 "那里"; 這是個(gè)倒裝句, 主語在be動(dòng)詞的后面, be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由后面的主語決定。
注意中國(guó)學(xué)生容易搞錯(cuò)的問題：
There isn't enough furniture in the room.(房間里家具不夠)
錯(cuò)：There hasn't enough furniture in the room.
There is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China.(毫無疑問，中國(guó)已消滅天花。)
錯(cuò)：It is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China.
There is ample evidence that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. (充分證據(jù)表明，愛滋病正在亞洲迅速蔓延。—— 同位語從句)
錯(cuò)：It is evidence that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. (可以： It is evident that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. - 主語從句)