2011年工程碩士GCT英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)輔導(dǎo)專欄4

字號(hào):

形容詞和副詞
    形容詞及其用法
    形容詞修飾名詞,說明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。
    1) 直接說明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞,它有級(jí)的變化,可以用程度副詞修飾,在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如:hot 熱的。
    2) 敘述形容詞只能作表語(yǔ),所以又稱為表語(yǔ)形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級(jí)的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。
    例如:well身體好的,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake ,ablaze著火的, alert警惕的等。
    (錯(cuò)) He is an ill man.
    (對(duì)) The man is ill.
    (錯(cuò)) She is an afraid girl.
    (對(duì)) The girl is afraid.
    3)形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí),要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語(yǔ)時(shí),要放在這些詞之后,
    例如: something nice
    2 以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞
    1) 大部分形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,  ugly,brotherly,仍為形容詞。
    (錯(cuò)) She sang lovely.
    (錯(cuò)) He spoke to me very friendly.
    (對(duì)) Her singing was lovely.
    (對(duì)) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
    2)有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞,也為副詞。
    daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early
    The Times is a daily paper.
    The Times is published daily.
    3 用形容詞表示類別和整體
    1) 某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人,與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry
    The poor are losing hope.
    2) 有關(guān)國(guó)家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個(gè)民族的整體,與動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用。
    the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.
    The English have wonderful sense of humor.
    4 多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的順序
    多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋?BR>    限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色) --出處--材料性質(zhì),類別--名詞
    a small round table
    a tall gray building
    a dirty old brown shirt
    a famous German medical school
    an expensive Japanese sports car
    1) Tony is going camping with ___ boys.
    A. little two other  B. two little other
    C. two other little  D. other two little
    答案:C。由“限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色) --性質(zhì)--名詞”的公式可知數(shù)詞,描繪詞,性質(zhì)依次順序,只有C符合答案。
    2) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.
    A. old Chinese stone   B. Chinese old stone
    C. old stone Chinese  D. Chinese stone old
    答案:A. 幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞,他們的排列順序是:年齡,形狀,大小+顏色+來(lái)源+質(zhì)地+用途+國(guó)家+名詞。
    3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
    ---- It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.
    A. few last sunny  B. last few sunny
    C. last sunny few  D. few sunny last
    答案:B。本題考查多個(gè)形容詞的排序問題。
    一般與被修飾形容詞關(guān)系密切的形容詞靠近名詞;如果幾個(gè)形容詞的重要性差不多,音節(jié)少的形容詞在前,音節(jié)多的方在后,在不能確定時(shí),可參照下表:
    限定詞+數(shù)量詞(序數(shù)詞在前,基數(shù)詞在后)+性狀形容詞+大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等形體+
    those + three + beautiful + large + square
    新舊+顏色+國(guó)籍+材料+名詞
    old + brown + wood + tables