不省略:If irrigation is not well managed, it can be harmful.
省略:If not well managed, irrigation may be harmful.
(如果管理不當(dāng),灌溉也可能會(huì)造成損害。)
從以上兩個(gè)例子可以歸納出此類從句的省略基本規(guī)則:
只有當(dāng)主句和從句的主語相同時(shí)才能采用省略形式,省略時(shí)將從句的主語連同be動(dòng)詞(若有)一起省略;
如果句子主語與從句的動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,采用-ing形式;如果句子主語與從句的動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,采用-ed形式;
根據(jù)以上規(guī)則,確定以下題目的正確答案:
If ______ a hot bath before sleep, a day‘s tiredness will soon vanish.(睡前洗個(gè)熱水澡,一天的疲勞很快就會(huì)消失。)
A.taking
B.taken
C.to take
D.you take
解題思路:由于該句主句的主語是“a day‘s tiredness”,不可能發(fā)出“take a hot bath”的行為,故不能采用省略,答案應(yīng)為D.
在if / when / whether + it is necessary, possible, convenient, important, applicable 等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),則省去 “it is”, 只保留 necessary, possible, convenient, important, applicable等,這是習(xí)慣,例如:
Take the medicine when necessary.
注意:英語中一般不能說:you are necessary / convenient / possible/ important等,例如不能說: Take this medicine when you are necessary, 或Come when you are convenient. (應(yīng)說:Come when it is convenient to you.)
3)what, when, whether, how等 + to do (be) 的省略形式,例如:
You are a college student now;you should know what to do and what not to do.
(你已經(jīng)是大學(xué)生了,應(yīng)該知道什么該做,什么不該做。)
The train leaves at midnight, but at present we have not decided whether to take the trip.
(火車半夜出發(fā),但是目前我們還沒有決定是否出行。)
但是:why (not) do, 中間不用 “to” 連接,例如:
Why not go and ask the teacher for help?(干嗎不去老師那兒請求幫助?)
3.強(qiáng)調(diào):
強(qiáng)調(diào)是一種修辭方式,如前面所說的“倒裝”就是一種重要的強(qiáng)調(diào)手段。
此外,還可以借助助詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),例如:
She did come yesterday; I saw her in the office.
(她昨天確實(shí)來了;我在辦公室見到她的。)
本講要討論的主要是“it is …。that…”強(qiáng)調(diào)句, 即:將句子中除謂語動(dòng)詞以外的成分(主語、賓語、狀語等)用“it is …。that…”加以連接,組成強(qiáng)調(diào)句,如果是人,也可以用“it is… who…”, 例如:
John bought a toy train for his son yesterday.(昨天約翰給他兒子買了輛玩具火車。)
強(qiáng)調(diào)主語:It was John who (或that)bought a toy train for his son yesterday.
強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語:It was a toy train that John bought for his son yesterday.
強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(或目的):It was for his son that John bought a toy train yesterday.
強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語:It was yesterday that John bought a toy train for his son 。