職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法輔導(dǎo):倒裝、省略、強(qiáng)調(diào)、語(yǔ)序

字號(hào):

1.倒裝:
    英語(yǔ)的一般語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋褐髡Z(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)(或表語(yǔ)) + (狀語(yǔ)等附加成分)。有時(shí)為了語(yǔ)法上或修辭上的需要而改變這種語(yǔ)序,如將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放到主語(yǔ)的前面,就稱(chēng)為倒裝。因語(yǔ)法需要的倒裝稱(chēng)為“語(yǔ)法倒裝”,例如英語(yǔ)中的疑問(wèn)句多采用倒裝形式,如Are you a doctor or an engineer? 因修辭需要,如為了強(qiáng)調(diào)、句子結(jié)構(gòu)均衡或承上啟下等目的倒裝,稱(chēng)為“修辭性倒裝”,例如On the top of the hill stands a pretty little house. (山頂上有一座漂亮的小屋。)。
    就應(yīng)試而言,以下倒裝現(xiàn)象應(yīng)給予特別注意(按考試中出現(xiàn)的頻率高低順序排列):
    1) not, not until, never, no, no sooner, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, few 等 否定詞開(kāi)頭的句子,比較:
    例1
    正常語(yǔ)序:I shall never forget the first days at college.
    倒裝語(yǔ)序:Never shall I forget the first days at college.
    (我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記初上大學(xué)的那些日子)
    例2
    正常語(yǔ)序:I did not have any idea what market economy is until recently.
    倒裝語(yǔ)序:Not until recently did I have any idea what market economy is.
    (直到最近我才知道什么叫市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)。)
    以上兩個(gè)句子采用倒裝語(yǔ)序的主要目的是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)。
    在這一節(jié)中,要特別注意以下三個(gè)倒裝句型:
    not until… ,見(jiàn)以上例2
    no sooner …than…, 例如:
    No sooner had she finished reading the poem than the students began to ask her questions.
    (她剛念完這首詩(shī),學(xué)生們就開(kāi)始向她提問(wèn)題了。)
    hardly …when …,與 no sooner … than…句型的意思和用法相同,就是不要把搭配搞錯(cuò)了,既:
    Hardly had she finished reading the poem when the students began to ask her questions.