考博英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)
過(guò)去分詞與形容詞的語(yǔ)義差：
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things
the destructive power of modern weapons
Damaged： being in a bad state
emotionally damaged children
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game.
Respectful： feeling or showing respect
They listened in respectful silence.
3. Preferred ： Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides.
Preferable： A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby.
Preferential： Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment.
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights.
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative.
5.Loving： She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother.
Lovable： a sweet lovable child
Lovely： We had a lovely holiday.
6. Tolerated： While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone.
Tolerant： trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds
Tolerable： All in all， it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford.
虛擬語(yǔ)氣
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。為了區(qū)分這三種不同的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法和含義，我們將分別從三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)以及一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)句型等角度來(lái)區(qū)分其用法和細(xì)微含義。
1．不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
（1）動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)通常表示抽象動(dòng)作；而不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作。
Smoking is prohibited（禁止）here．這里禁止抽煙。（抽象）
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽這么多煙對(duì)你身體很不好。（具體）
（2）動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用以表示一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
不定式短語(yǔ)通常用來(lái)表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。（經(jīng)驗(yàn)）
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰時(shí)刻開(kāi)車令人厭煩。（經(jīng)驗(yàn)）
（3）不定式做主語(yǔ)，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)，把作主語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
2．不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
過(guò)去分詞與形容詞的語(yǔ)義差：
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things
the destructive power of modern weapons
Damaged： being in a bad state
emotionally damaged children
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game.
Respectful： feeling or showing respect
They listened in respectful silence.
3. Preferred ： Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides.
Preferable： A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby.
Preferential： Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment.
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights.
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative.
5.Loving： She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother.
Lovable： a sweet lovable child
Lovely： We had a lovely holiday.
6. Tolerated： While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone.
Tolerant： trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds
Tolerable： All in all， it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford.
虛擬語(yǔ)氣
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。為了區(qū)分這三種不同的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法和含義，我們將分別從三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)以及一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)句型等角度來(lái)區(qū)分其用法和細(xì)微含義。
1．不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
（1）動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)通常表示抽象動(dòng)作；而不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作。
Smoking is prohibited（禁止）here．這里禁止抽煙。（抽象）
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽這么多煙對(duì)你身體很不好。（具體）
（2）動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用以表示一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
不定式短語(yǔ)通常用來(lái)表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。（經(jīng)驗(yàn)）
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰時(shí)刻開(kāi)車令人厭煩。（經(jīng)驗(yàn)）
（3）不定式做主語(yǔ)，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)，把作主語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
2．不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別