考博英語語法總結(jié)
過去分詞與形容詞的語義差：
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things
the destructive power of modern weapons
Damaged： being in a bad state
emotionally damaged children
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game.
Respectful： feeling or showing respect
They listened in respectful silence.
3. Preferred ： Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides.
Preferable： A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby.
Preferential： Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment.
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights.
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative.
5.Loving： She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother.
Lovable： a sweet lovable child
Lovely： We had a lovely holiday.
6. Tolerated： While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone.
Tolerant： trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds
Tolerable： All in all， it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford.
虛擬語氣
非謂語動詞主要包括不定式、動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。為了區(qū)分這三種不同的非謂語動詞的用法和含義，我們將分別從三種非謂語動詞在句子中做主語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語、表語以及一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)句型等角度來區(qū)分其用法和細微含義。
1．不定式和動名詞作主語的區(qū)別
（1）動名詞作主語通常表示抽象動作；而不定式作主語表示具體動作。
Smoking is prohibited（禁止）here．這里禁止抽煙。（抽象）
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽這么多煙對你身體很不好。（具體）
（2）動名詞作主語時，通常用以表示一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗。
不定式短語通常用來表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。（經(jīng)驗）
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰時刻開車令人厭煩。（經(jīng)驗）
（3）不定式做主語，一般用it當形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
2．不定式、動名詞和分詞作表語的區(qū)別
過去分詞與形容詞的語義差：
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things
the destructive power of modern weapons
Damaged： being in a bad state
emotionally damaged children
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game.
Respectful： feeling or showing respect
They listened in respectful silence.
3. Preferred ： Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides.
Preferable： A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby.
Preferential： Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment.
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights.
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative.
5.Loving： She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother.
Lovable： a sweet lovable child
Lovely： We had a lovely holiday.
6. Tolerated： While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone.
Tolerant： trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds
Tolerable： All in all， it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford.
虛擬語氣
非謂語動詞主要包括不定式、動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。為了區(qū)分這三種不同的非謂語動詞的用法和含義，我們將分別從三種非謂語動詞在句子中做主語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語、表語以及一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)句型等角度來區(qū)分其用法和細微含義。
1．不定式和動名詞作主語的區(qū)別
（1）動名詞作主語通常表示抽象動作；而不定式作主語表示具體動作。
Smoking is prohibited（禁止）here．這里禁止抽煙。（抽象）
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽這么多煙對你身體很不好。（具體）
（2）動名詞作主語時，通常用以表示一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗。
不定式短語通常用來表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。（經(jīng)驗）
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰時刻開車令人厭煩。（經(jīng)驗）
（3）不定式做主語，一般用it當形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
2．不定式、動名詞和分詞作表語的區(qū)別