⑸ take up 開始從事，占據(jù)
take up 表示‘開始從事’的意思時(shí)通常是人做主語，指某人開始從事某事；表示‘占據(jù)’的意思時(shí)通常是物做主語，指某事（物）占用了時(shí)間或空間。例如：
He took up art while at school. 他上學(xué)時(shí)開始對(duì)藝術(shù)感興趣。
Expurgating this book took up most of my time. 修訂這本書占用了我大部分時(shí)間。
These boxes of yours are taking up too much place. 你的這些箱子占了太多的地方。
4、 核心句型講解
⑴ For more than 50 years ，Albert Einstein has stood alone as the world symbol of brain power.
譯文：作為大腦能量的世界標(biāo)志，阿爾伯特•愛因斯坦已經(jīng)獨(dú)自地站立了50多年的時(shí)間了。
講解：for 引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語，as 引導(dǎo)的短語做stood 的狀語，指‘作為。。?！＠纾?BR> He is very strict with students as an excellent teacher. 作為一名優(yōu)秀教師，他對(duì)學(xué)生要求非常嚴(yán)格。
⑵ That year， in his spare time， he wrote three papers for a journal about physics， which is the science of matter， energy and what the universe is made of.
譯文：那年，在他的業(yè)余時(shí)間里，他為一家雜志寫了3篇有關(guān)物理學(xué)的論文，物理則是物質(zhì)、能量和宇宙構(gòu)成的科學(xué)。
講解：write …for 指‘為。。。而寫’。Which 引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句，說明物理是什么樣的一門科學(xué)。例如：
I love these books very much， which are given by my best friend.
我非常喜歡這些書，它們是我的朋友送的。
⑶ In it he described how light could behave not only like a wave， as most scientists of the time believed， but also like a stream of particles.
譯文：在這篇論文里，他描述了在那個(gè)時(shí)代大多數(shù)科學(xué)家認(rèn)為的光可以表現(xiàn)為光波運(yùn)動(dòng)，而且還可以表現(xiàn)為粒子束運(yùn)動(dòng)。
講解：as 引導(dǎo)的句子做狀語，說明光可以表現(xiàn)為光波運(yùn)動(dòng)。Not only… but also…指‘不僅。。。而且。。?！＿B接的兩個(gè)句子成分，表示并列關(guān)系。它可以連接不同的句子成分。例如：Shakespeare was not only a writer but also an actor. 莎士比亞不僅是一個(gè)作家，也是一個(gè)演員。
5、 重點(diǎn)語法知識(shí)講解
被動(dòng)語態(tài)
⑴ 被動(dòng)語態(tài)由‘助動(dòng)詞be + 過去分詞’構(gòu)成，時(shí)態(tài)通過be 表現(xiàn)出來。例如：
History is made by the people. 歷史是人民創(chuàng)造的。（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）
The conference was held in August. 這次會(huì)議是8月份召開的。（一般過去時(shí)）
You won’t be allowed to take so much luggage with you.
不會(huì)讓你帶這么多行李的。（一般將來時(shí)）
A new railway is being built. 一條新鐵路正在修建中。（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）
The case was being redesigned. 這案件那時(shí)正在調(diào)查中。（過去進(jìn)行時(shí)）
The aircraft has been redesigned. 這飛機(jī)已經(jīng)重新設(shè)計(jì)。（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）
Production costs had been greatly reduced. 生產(chǎn)成本那時(shí)大大降低了。（過去完成時(shí)）
⑵ 被動(dòng)語態(tài)主要用于以下幾種情況：不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰（這時(shí)都不帶由by引起的短語）；動(dòng)作的承受者是談話的中心（這時(shí)可帶由by引起的短語）；出于禮貌等方面的考慮而不愿說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰；被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)能使句子得到更好的安排等。例如：
Such books are written for children. 這種書是為兒童寫的。
The song was composed by a student. 這首歌曲是一個(gè)學(xué)生譜寫的。
It is generally considered not advisable to act that way. 那樣做一般被認(rèn)為是不妥當(dāng)?shù)摹?BR> He appeared on the stage and was warmly applaused by the audience.
他在臺(tái)上一出現(xiàn)觀眾就給予熱烈的掌聲。（這樣安排只要一個(gè)主語就夠了）
The plan was especially supported by those who wished to have more chance to speak English.
計(jì)劃特別受到愿有更多機(jī)會(huì)說英語的人的支持。（如果用those 做主語，和位于的距離就會(huì)太遠(yuǎn)）