⑸ take up 開始從事,占據(jù)
take up 表示‘開始從事’的意思時通常是人做主語,指某人開始從事某事;表示‘占據(jù)’的意思時通常是物做主語,指某事(物)占用了時間或空間。例如:
He took up art while at school. 他上學時開始對藝術感興趣。
Expurgating this book took up most of my time. 修訂這本書占用了我大部分時間。
These boxes of yours are taking up too much place. 你的這些箱子占了太多的地方。
4、 核心句型講解
⑴ For more than 50 years ,Albert Einstein has stood alone as the world symbol of brain power.
譯文:作為大腦能量的世界標志,阿爾伯特•愛因斯坦已經(jīng)獨自地站立了50多年的時間了。
講解:for 引導的是時間狀語,as 引導的短語做stood 的狀語,指‘作為。。?!@纾?BR> He is very strict with students as an excellent teacher. 作為一名優(yōu)秀教師,他對學生要求非常嚴格。
⑵ That year, in his spare time, he wrote three papers for a journal about physics, which is the science of matter, energy and what the universe is made of.
譯文:那年,在他的業(yè)余時間里,他為一家雜志寫了3篇有關物理學的論文,物理則是物質(zhì)、能量和宇宙構成的科學。
講解:write …for 指‘為。。。而寫’。Which 引導的是非限制性定語從句,說明物理是什么樣的一門科學。例如:
I love these books very much, which are given by my best friend.
我非常喜歡這些書,它們是我的朋友送的。
⑶ In it he described how light could behave not only like a wave, as most scientists of the time believed, but also like a stream of particles.
譯文:在這篇論文里,他描述了在那個時代大多數(shù)科學家認為的光可以表現(xiàn)為光波運動,而且還可以表現(xiàn)為粒子束運動。
講解:as 引導的句子做狀語,說明光可以表現(xiàn)為光波運動。Not only… but also…指‘不僅。。。而且。。?!?。連接的兩個句子成分,表示并列關系。它可以連接不同的句子成分。例如:Shakespeare was not only a writer but also an actor. 莎士比亞不僅是一個作家,也是一個演員。
5、 重點語法知識講解
被動語態(tài)
⑴ 被動語態(tài)由‘助動詞be + 過去分詞’構成,時態(tài)通過be 表現(xiàn)出來。例如:
History is made by the people. 歷史是人民創(chuàng)造的。(一般現(xiàn)在時)
The conference was held in August. 這次會議是8月份召開的。(一般過去時)
You won’t be allowed to take so much luggage with you.
不會讓你帶這么多行李的。(一般將來時)
A new railway is being built. 一條新鐵路正在修建中。(現(xiàn)在進行時)
The case was being redesigned. 這案件那時正在調(diào)查中。(過去進行時)
The aircraft has been redesigned. 這飛機已經(jīng)重新設計。(現(xiàn)在完成時)
Production costs had been greatly reduced. 生產(chǎn)成本那時大大降低了。(過去完成時)
⑵ 被動語態(tài)主要用于以下幾種情況:不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰(這時都不帶由by引起的短語);動作的承受者是談話的中心(這時可帶由by引起的短語);出于禮貌等方面的考慮而不愿說出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰;被動結構能使句子得到更好的安排等。例如:
Such books are written for children. 這種書是為兒童寫的。
The song was composed by a student. 這首歌曲是一個學生譜寫的。
It is generally considered not advisable to act that way. 那樣做一般被認為是不妥當?shù)摹?BR> He appeared on the stage and was warmly applaused by the audience.
他在臺上一出現(xiàn)觀眾就給予熱烈的掌聲。(這樣安排只要一個主語就夠了)
The plan was especially supported by those who wished to have more chance to speak English.
計劃特別受到愿有更多機會說英語的人的支持。(如果用those 做主語,和位于的距離就會太遠)

