1. His parents __________ out this evening.
A. all are B. are all C. both are D. are both
2. "Do you want some cheese?" "No, ____________."
A. I have some still B. I still have much
C. I don't want some D. I've still got some
3. Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to __________ the color of his skin.
A. with the exception of B. in the light of
C. by virtue of D. regardless of
4. Which sport has the most expenses __________ training equipment, players' personal equipment and uniforms?
A. in place of B. in terms of C. by means of D. by way of
5. Criticism and self-criticism is necessary____________ it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.
A. by that B. at that C. on that D. in that
1．【答案】D
【解析】both作同位語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞，both應(yīng)放在系動(dòng)詞之后。all，both作主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，位于行為動(dòng)詞之前，be動(dòng)詞之后。
2．【答案】D
【解析】some多用于肯定句。可替代復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，意為"一些人或物"；也可替代不可效名詞，意為"一定的量，一部分"。
3．【答案】D
【解析】四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別為：A項(xiàng)with the exception of"除……以外"；B項(xiàng)in the light of"根據(jù)，依據(jù)"；C項(xiàng)by virtue of"依靠，憑借，由于"；D項(xiàng)regardless of"不顧，不管"。
4．【答案】B
【解析】四個(gè)詞組的意思分別為：A項(xiàng)in place of"替代"；B項(xiàng)in terms of"依據(jù)，根據(jù)"；C項(xiàng)by means of"通過(guò)……手段，途徑"；D項(xiàng)by way of"途經(jīng)，當(dāng)作，作為"。
5．【答案】D
【解析】空格后為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，且成分齊全，由各選項(xiàng)觀之，應(yīng)為介詞帶賓語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)，連詞為that，由此判定D項(xiàng)正確。由that引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語(yǔ)只能與in，but，except，besides等少數(shù)介詞連用。
1. A person's calorie requirements vary____________ his life.
A. across B. throughout C. over D. within
2. The thief tried to open the locked door but ____________.
A. in no way B. in vain C. without effect D. at a loss
3. I'm sorry I can't see you immediately; but if you'd like to take a seat, I'll be with you ____________.
A. for a moment B. in a moment
C. for the moment D. at the moment
4. He always did well at school __________ having to do part time jobs every now and then.
A. in spite of B. regardless of C. on account of D. in case of
5. Agriculture was a step in human progress____________ which subsequently there was not anything comparable until our own machine age.
A. in B. for C. to D. from
1．【答案】B
【解析】介詞throughout和life構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，恰當(dāng)。
2．【答案】B
【解析】B項(xiàng)in vain"徒勞地，白白浪費(fèi)地"，正確。in no way"一點(diǎn)也不，決不"；at a loss"困惑，不知所措"。
3．【答案】B
【解析】B項(xiàng)in a moment"很快"；其他幾項(xiàng)的意思為：A項(xiàng)for a moment"一會(huì)兒"；C項(xiàng)for the moment"暫時(shí)"；D項(xiàng)at the moment"此時(shí)，此刻"。
4．【答案】A
【解析】A項(xiàng)："盡管"；B項(xiàng)："不考慮，不顧"；C項(xiàng)："因?yàn)?，由?；D項(xiàng)："如果發(fā)生……，萬(wàn)一……"。
5．【答案】C
【解析】句中comparable和to構(gòu)成形容詞短語(yǔ)習(xí)慣搭配。
1. No sooner had we finished the conversation_____________ we heard a knock on the door.
A. when B. then C. than D. until
2. I had no sooner closed the door ___________ somebody started knocking on it.
A. as B. before C. than D. when
3. Mike's uncle insists ___________ in this hotel.
A. staying not B. not to stay
C. that he would not stay D. that he not stay
4. Why is ___________ you are not well prepared for the class?
A. it B. that C. that it D. it that
5. One of the main problems in the city is __________ pollution.
A. how to do away with B. how can do away with
C. that to do away with D. that how to do away with
1．【答案】C
【解析】"no sooner…than…"是固定搭配，意為"剛一……就……"，表示一件事緊接著另一件事發(fā)生。主句一般用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，例如：No sooner had he sat down than the doorbell rang．他剛一坐下，門鈴就響了。when要和hardly，scarcely或barely連用，意思同"no sooner…than…"，根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)可知C項(xiàng)為正確答案。
2．【答案】C
【解析】參見(jiàn)上題題解。
3．【答案】D
【解析】insist可以用在"insist on sth．／doing sth．"和"insist that"兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中，由此可以將A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)排除。另外，insist后跟從句時(shí)，從句中要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。
4．【答案】D
【解析】根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出這里是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為疑問(wèn)副詞why，例如：Why is it that he failed again?到底為什么他又失敗了?由此可見(jiàn)D項(xiàng)為正確答案。
5．【答案】A
【解析】盡管how可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，但從句中的語(yǔ)序不可倒裝，故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。"how to"結(jié)構(gòu)可以用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等，又如：The problem is how to find a quick and useful way of separating the gases in the air．問(wèn)題是如何找到一種迅速有效的方法，把空氣中的各種氣體分離開(kāi)來(lái)?？梢?jiàn)A項(xiàng)為正確答案。另外，盡管that可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，但從句結(jié)構(gòu)必須是完整的，故C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。
1. Because of the great speed of light, we see a lamp light up almost at the exact moment ___________.
A. we turn it on B. when we turn on it
C. that we turn on it D. which we turn it on
2. I would appreciate _________ it a secret.
A. you to keep B. your keeping
C. that you keep D. that you will keep
3. He was one of the greatest writers ___________ had ever lived.
A. who B. which C. that D. as
4. We often advise him not to drink more wine ___________ is good for his health.
A. as B. than C. that D. but
5. Intelligence is to the mind __________ sight is to the body.
A. what B. as C. that D. like
1．【答案】A
【解析】turn on意為"開(kāi)，旋開(kāi)(電燈、自來(lái)水、無(wú)線電等)"，其中on是副詞。"動(dòng)詞+副詞"構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后跟人稱代詞時(shí)，該人稱代詞必須放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間。which作連接代詞時(shí)，在其引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中充當(dāng)某種成分。這樣B項(xiàng)、C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)均可排除，只有A項(xiàng)為正確答案。
2．【答案】B
【解析】appreciate意為"欣賞，重視；感激"，后面要接名詞或動(dòng)名詞(包括動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))，不能接動(dòng)詞不定式，也不能接賓語(yǔ)從句，例如：She was hurt to find that no one appreciated her performance．她因?yàn)榘l(fā)現(xiàn)無(wú)人欣賞她的表演而感到傷心。We greatly appreciate all your help．對(duì)你們提供的一切幫助我們非常感激。所以，只有B項(xiàng)正確。
3．【答案】C
【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處是限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為人，因此不能用which和as引導(dǎo)，所以B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)可以排除。當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞的級(jí)修飾時(shí)，通常用that作關(guān)系代詞，因此正確答案是C項(xiàng)。例如：This is the best book that I have ever read．這是我讀過(guò)的的書(shū)。
4．【答案】B
【解析】句中more是比較級(jí)，要與than連用，在這里than在句中作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，than在從句中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，例如：Don't eat more food than is necessary．不要暴飲暴食。There were more tourists than was expected．游客比預(yù)計(jì)的多。as也可引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，但一般要和the same或such等連用，而不與比較級(jí)more連用。
5．【答案】A
【解析】what可以作連詞用，引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，例如：The people is to the people's army what water is to fish．人民的軍隊(duì)離不開(kāi)人民，就像魚(yú)離不開(kāi)水一樣。
1. Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially ____________ containing as many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.
A. one B. the one C. that D. such
2. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, ___________ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.
A. whose B. which C. that D. what
3. In some countries, ___________ is called "equality" does not really mean equal rights for all people.
A. which B. one C. that D. what
4. We grow all our own fruit and vegetables, ___________ saves money, of course.
A. which B. as C. that D. what
5. _________ we need to complete the construction is two million dollars.
A. All what B. That all C. That D. What
1．【答案】A
【解析】根據(jù)語(yǔ)意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此處需要一個(gè)代詞，表示泛指，因此B項(xiàng)the one錯(cuò)誤。the one一般表示特指概念，例如：Please get the chair for me，the one in the corner．請(qǐng)幫我拿把椅子，墻角里的那把。而that一般代替帶有定冠詞的不可數(shù)名詞，例如：The melting point of copper is not so high as that of iron．銅的熔點(diǎn)不如鐵的高。The volume of the earth is 49 times larger than that of the moon．地球的體積比月球的體積大49倍。such用作代詞時(shí)，相當(dāng)于that，因此D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。
2．【答案】A
【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可以看出這里需要一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞，它既可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，也可在從句中作定語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾overall consumption，只有whose可以滿足以上兩個(gè)要求。例如：Next door to us lives an old woman，whose name is Margaret Monroe．隔壁住著一位老太太，名字叫瑪格麗特·門羅。The young man is descended from a noble family whose popularity declined after the 1950's．這個(gè)年輕人是貴族的后代，這個(gè)貴族之家在20世紀(jì)50年代后聲譽(yù)漸衰。
3．【答案】D
【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)我們可以看出，本題旨在考查主語(yǔ)從句。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，which不能作連接代詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，one也不能引導(dǎo)從句，故這兩項(xiàng)不是正確答案。that雖然可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，但它在句中不能充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用。由此可見(jiàn)，C項(xiàng)也不是正確答案。D項(xiàng)what是正確答案，因?yàn)閣hat不僅可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，還可以在從句中作主語(yǔ)。例如：What is hard is to do good all one's life and never do anything bad．難的是一輩子做好事，不做壞事。
4．【答案】A
【解析】which引導(dǎo)的修飾整個(gè)主句的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，一般對(duì)主句的內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句，此時(shí)which 可用and this代替。另外，which在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。由于that和what不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，故C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。盡管as也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，但該從句一般要置于主句之前，例如：As is known to us all，contributions to computer technology are no longer confined to any one country．大家都知道，對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)作出貢獻(xiàn)的，已經(jīng)不像過(guò)去那樣僅是某一個(gè)國(guó)家了。
5．【答案】D
【解析】在這里what引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，what既起引導(dǎo)作用，又在從句中作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞need的賓語(yǔ)，例如：What I want to know is why energy，unlike matter，is not made up of molecules and atoms．我想要知道的是，為什么能量不像物質(zhì)那樣是由分子和原子組成的。因此D項(xiàng)是正確答案。盡管that也可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，但不能在主語(yǔ)從句中作成分，所以B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。關(guān)系代詞what不能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，所以A項(xiàng)也不正確。
A. all are B. are all C. both are D. are both
2. "Do you want some cheese?" "No, ____________."
A. I have some still B. I still have much
C. I don't want some D. I've still got some
3. Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to __________ the color of his skin.
A. with the exception of B. in the light of
C. by virtue of D. regardless of
4. Which sport has the most expenses __________ training equipment, players' personal equipment and uniforms?
A. in place of B. in terms of C. by means of D. by way of
5. Criticism and self-criticism is necessary____________ it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.
A. by that B. at that C. on that D. in that
1．【答案】D
【解析】both作同位語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞，both應(yīng)放在系動(dòng)詞之后。all，both作主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，位于行為動(dòng)詞之前，be動(dòng)詞之后。
2．【答案】D
【解析】some多用于肯定句。可替代復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，意為"一些人或物"；也可替代不可效名詞，意為"一定的量，一部分"。
3．【答案】D
【解析】四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別為：A項(xiàng)with the exception of"除……以外"；B項(xiàng)in the light of"根據(jù)，依據(jù)"；C項(xiàng)by virtue of"依靠，憑借，由于"；D項(xiàng)regardless of"不顧，不管"。
4．【答案】B
【解析】四個(gè)詞組的意思分別為：A項(xiàng)in place of"替代"；B項(xiàng)in terms of"依據(jù)，根據(jù)"；C項(xiàng)by means of"通過(guò)……手段，途徑"；D項(xiàng)by way of"途經(jīng)，當(dāng)作，作為"。
5．【答案】D
【解析】空格后為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，且成分齊全，由各選項(xiàng)觀之，應(yīng)為介詞帶賓語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)，連詞為that，由此判定D項(xiàng)正確。由that引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語(yǔ)只能與in，but，except，besides等少數(shù)介詞連用。
1. A person's calorie requirements vary____________ his life.
A. across B. throughout C. over D. within
2. The thief tried to open the locked door but ____________.
A. in no way B. in vain C. without effect D. at a loss
3. I'm sorry I can't see you immediately; but if you'd like to take a seat, I'll be with you ____________.
A. for a moment B. in a moment
C. for the moment D. at the moment
4. He always did well at school __________ having to do part time jobs every now and then.
A. in spite of B. regardless of C. on account of D. in case of
5. Agriculture was a step in human progress____________ which subsequently there was not anything comparable until our own machine age.
A. in B. for C. to D. from
1．【答案】B
【解析】介詞throughout和life構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，恰當(dāng)。
2．【答案】B
【解析】B項(xiàng)in vain"徒勞地，白白浪費(fèi)地"，正確。in no way"一點(diǎn)也不，決不"；at a loss"困惑，不知所措"。
3．【答案】B
【解析】B項(xiàng)in a moment"很快"；其他幾項(xiàng)的意思為：A項(xiàng)for a moment"一會(huì)兒"；C項(xiàng)for the moment"暫時(shí)"；D項(xiàng)at the moment"此時(shí)，此刻"。
4．【答案】A
【解析】A項(xiàng)："盡管"；B項(xiàng)："不考慮，不顧"；C項(xiàng)："因?yàn)?，由?；D項(xiàng)："如果發(fā)生……，萬(wàn)一……"。
5．【答案】C
【解析】句中comparable和to構(gòu)成形容詞短語(yǔ)習(xí)慣搭配。
1. No sooner had we finished the conversation_____________ we heard a knock on the door.
A. when B. then C. than D. until
2. I had no sooner closed the door ___________ somebody started knocking on it.
A. as B. before C. than D. when
3. Mike's uncle insists ___________ in this hotel.
A. staying not B. not to stay
C. that he would not stay D. that he not stay
4. Why is ___________ you are not well prepared for the class?
A. it B. that C. that it D. it that
5. One of the main problems in the city is __________ pollution.
A. how to do away with B. how can do away with
C. that to do away with D. that how to do away with
1．【答案】C
【解析】"no sooner…than…"是固定搭配，意為"剛一……就……"，表示一件事緊接著另一件事發(fā)生。主句一般用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，例如：No sooner had he sat down than the doorbell rang．他剛一坐下，門鈴就響了。when要和hardly，scarcely或barely連用，意思同"no sooner…than…"，根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)可知C項(xiàng)為正確答案。
2．【答案】C
【解析】參見(jiàn)上題題解。
3．【答案】D
【解析】insist可以用在"insist on sth．／doing sth．"和"insist that"兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中，由此可以將A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)排除。另外，insist后跟從句時(shí)，從句中要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。
4．【答案】D
【解析】根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出這里是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為疑問(wèn)副詞why，例如：Why is it that he failed again?到底為什么他又失敗了?由此可見(jiàn)D項(xiàng)為正確答案。
5．【答案】A
【解析】盡管how可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，但從句中的語(yǔ)序不可倒裝，故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。"how to"結(jié)構(gòu)可以用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等，又如：The problem is how to find a quick and useful way of separating the gases in the air．問(wèn)題是如何找到一種迅速有效的方法，把空氣中的各種氣體分離開(kāi)來(lái)?？梢?jiàn)A項(xiàng)為正確答案。另外，盡管that可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，但從句結(jié)構(gòu)必須是完整的，故C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。
1. Because of the great speed of light, we see a lamp light up almost at the exact moment ___________.
A. we turn it on B. when we turn on it
C. that we turn on it D. which we turn it on
2. I would appreciate _________ it a secret.
A. you to keep B. your keeping
C. that you keep D. that you will keep
3. He was one of the greatest writers ___________ had ever lived.
A. who B. which C. that D. as
4. We often advise him not to drink more wine ___________ is good for his health.
A. as B. than C. that D. but
5. Intelligence is to the mind __________ sight is to the body.
A. what B. as C. that D. like
1．【答案】A
【解析】turn on意為"開(kāi)，旋開(kāi)(電燈、自來(lái)水、無(wú)線電等)"，其中on是副詞。"動(dòng)詞+副詞"構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后跟人稱代詞時(shí)，該人稱代詞必須放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間。which作連接代詞時(shí)，在其引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中充當(dāng)某種成分。這樣B項(xiàng)、C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)均可排除，只有A項(xiàng)為正確答案。
2．【答案】B
【解析】appreciate意為"欣賞，重視；感激"，后面要接名詞或動(dòng)名詞(包括動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))，不能接動(dòng)詞不定式，也不能接賓語(yǔ)從句，例如：She was hurt to find that no one appreciated her performance．她因?yàn)榘l(fā)現(xiàn)無(wú)人欣賞她的表演而感到傷心。We greatly appreciate all your help．對(duì)你們提供的一切幫助我們非常感激。所以，只有B項(xiàng)正確。
3．【答案】C
【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處是限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為人，因此不能用which和as引導(dǎo)，所以B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)可以排除。當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞的級(jí)修飾時(shí)，通常用that作關(guān)系代詞，因此正確答案是C項(xiàng)。例如：This is the best book that I have ever read．這是我讀過(guò)的的書(shū)。
4．【答案】B
【解析】句中more是比較級(jí)，要與than連用，在這里than在句中作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，than在從句中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，例如：Don't eat more food than is necessary．不要暴飲暴食。There were more tourists than was expected．游客比預(yù)計(jì)的多。as也可引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，但一般要和the same或such等連用，而不與比較級(jí)more連用。
5．【答案】A
【解析】what可以作連詞用，引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，例如：The people is to the people's army what water is to fish．人民的軍隊(duì)離不開(kāi)人民，就像魚(yú)離不開(kāi)水一樣。
1. Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially ____________ containing as many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.
A. one B. the one C. that D. such
2. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, ___________ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.
A. whose B. which C. that D. what
3. In some countries, ___________ is called "equality" does not really mean equal rights for all people.
A. which B. one C. that D. what
4. We grow all our own fruit and vegetables, ___________ saves money, of course.
A. which B. as C. that D. what
5. _________ we need to complete the construction is two million dollars.
A. All what B. That all C. That D. What
1．【答案】A
【解析】根據(jù)語(yǔ)意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此處需要一個(gè)代詞，表示泛指，因此B項(xiàng)the one錯(cuò)誤。the one一般表示特指概念，例如：Please get the chair for me，the one in the corner．請(qǐng)幫我拿把椅子，墻角里的那把。而that一般代替帶有定冠詞的不可數(shù)名詞，例如：The melting point of copper is not so high as that of iron．銅的熔點(diǎn)不如鐵的高。The volume of the earth is 49 times larger than that of the moon．地球的體積比月球的體積大49倍。such用作代詞時(shí)，相當(dāng)于that，因此D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。
2．【答案】A
【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可以看出這里需要一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞，它既可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，也可在從句中作定語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾overall consumption，只有whose可以滿足以上兩個(gè)要求。例如：Next door to us lives an old woman，whose name is Margaret Monroe．隔壁住著一位老太太，名字叫瑪格麗特·門羅。The young man is descended from a noble family whose popularity declined after the 1950's．這個(gè)年輕人是貴族的后代，這個(gè)貴族之家在20世紀(jì)50年代后聲譽(yù)漸衰。
3．【答案】D
【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)我們可以看出，本題旨在考查主語(yǔ)從句。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，which不能作連接代詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，one也不能引導(dǎo)從句，故這兩項(xiàng)不是正確答案。that雖然可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，但它在句中不能充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用。由此可見(jiàn)，C項(xiàng)也不是正確答案。D項(xiàng)what是正確答案，因?yàn)閣hat不僅可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，還可以在從句中作主語(yǔ)。例如：What is hard is to do good all one's life and never do anything bad．難的是一輩子做好事，不做壞事。
4．【答案】A
【解析】which引導(dǎo)的修飾整個(gè)主句的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，一般對(duì)主句的內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句，此時(shí)which 可用and this代替。另外，which在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。由于that和what不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，故C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。盡管as也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，但該從句一般要置于主句之前，例如：As is known to us all，contributions to computer technology are no longer confined to any one country．大家都知道，對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)作出貢獻(xiàn)的，已經(jīng)不像過(guò)去那樣僅是某一個(gè)國(guó)家了。
5．【答案】D
【解析】在這里what引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，what既起引導(dǎo)作用，又在從句中作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞need的賓語(yǔ)，例如：What I want to know is why energy，unlike matter，is not made up of molecules and atoms．我想要知道的是，為什么能量不像物質(zhì)那樣是由分子和原子組成的。因此D項(xiàng)是正確答案。盡管that也可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，但不能在主語(yǔ)從句中作成分，所以B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。關(guān)系代詞what不能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，所以A項(xiàng)也不正確。