2012中考英語(yǔ)沖刺復(fù)習(xí)輔導(dǎo)之主要句式一

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    一、 主 要 句 式
    (一) 知識(shí)概要
    初中所學(xué)的句型一般要分為陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句?!£愂鼍渲杏锌隙ň渑c否定句之分。
    其中可以分為以下五種:
    ① 主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞。如:I arrived at six last night.
    ② 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ),如:I bought a good English Chinese Dictionary yesterday.
    ③ 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ),如:Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 這樣可加雙賓語(yǔ)的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach.
    ④ 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),如:I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.
    ⑤ 主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ),
    如:Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.在初中常見(jiàn)的句型中有There be…句型,表示存在某種事物,如:There is a map on the wall其be動(dòng)詞的形式要與其后面相近的那個(gè)名詞相一致。要注意的是這種句型加入助動(dòng)詞后,也要保持be動(dòng)詞,不要換用have,
    如:There is going to be a meeting tomorrow. 在句子結(jié)構(gòu)中要注意主謂一致的問(wèn)題,即句子的主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要相呼應(yīng)。要注意的有如下幾點(diǎn):
    ① 用and連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)一般應(yīng)視為復(fù)數(shù),但如一人身兼兩職時(shí)則要用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式,
    如:A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演員。而 a singer and a dancer 則要譯為:一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。
    ②有些以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù),
    如: The news is good (news 為不可數(shù)名詞)。
    ③ 有量詞時(shí)應(yīng)按量詞的數(shù)量計(jì)算;如: This pair of glasses is good My glasses are broken.
    ④有些形單卻意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞,如: People are coming here 這樣的詞還有 Police, 如果要講一個(gè)警察時(shí),應(yīng)講 a policeman。 兩個(gè)警察為 two policemen。 又如 a policewoman, two policewomen
    ⑤ 所有不定代詞 each, either, neither, one, the other, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, someone, something … 要作為單數(shù)如: Someone is waiting for you 在并列句中表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系的連詞有: and not only … but also, neither … nor, either … or 如: My sister and my parents are going to the cinema。 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞有: but 和 yet, 如: She is a good student, but she didn‘t pass the final exam. 又如: I think the news is strange, yet it is true
     表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞有:or, either … or,如: Hurry up, or you will be late for school表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞有: for, so 如: They studied very hard, so they all passed the exam 在初中范圍復(fù)合句中主要有狀語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句(名詞性從句)兩種,而定語(yǔ)從句(形容詞性從句)要在高中講述,為了使同學(xué)閱讀文章方便,我們將在下面另一章予以介紹。我們首先來(lái)看賓語(yǔ)從句。
    ① 在及物動(dòng)詞的后面可以接一個(gè)名詞來(lái)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),如: I knew the man, 而這時(shí)也可以用一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),如: I knew that he was a good man 這時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有 that, (that 只在從句中起聯(lián)接作用,不在句中充當(dāng)語(yǔ)法成分,既不是主語(yǔ)也不是賓語(yǔ),所以在口語(yǔ)中常常被省略。如: I am sure (that) she has passed the exam
    ②if, whether 它們?cè)谫e語(yǔ)從句中只起連接作用,不起語(yǔ)法作用,當(dāng)作是否講。從句中有 or not 結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),要用 whether, 如: I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not
    ③ what 它在賓語(yǔ)從句中除了作連接詞外,還要作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)成份,如: I don’t understand what you said (what 作 said 的賓語(yǔ))。又如: I asked him what made him sick (what 在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ))。
    ④ who,它也和what一樣,在句中除作連接詞外,可以充當(dāng)句中的成份,如:I know who she is looking for?
    ⑤ whose 如: I want to know whose book this is?
    ⑥ which 如: Do you know which book is mine? 在連接詞中還有4個(gè)常用的連接副詞,
    ① how 它的應(yīng)用最廣,如: how much, how many, how long, how soon, how old …。如: How much does it cost?
    ② when 它只是連接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),如: Please tell me when the meeting will begin?
    ③ where 它連接地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),如: Where are you from?
    ④ why 它要連接的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句,如: The teacher asked why Tom didn‘t come to school. 在考試中常見(jiàn)到的考點(diǎn)是: 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)與主句時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)問(wèn)題。