2011年公共英語考試PETS二級復(fù)習(xí)資料7

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2011年公共英語考試PETS二級復(fù)習(xí)資料
    一.相關(guān)文化背景介紹
    (一)關(guān)于神經(jīng)性厭食癥
    神經(jīng)性厭食癥,也稱為厭食癥,它是一種病人自己有意造成的體重明顯下降至正常生理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體重以下,并極力維持這種狀態(tài)的一種心理障礙。神經(jīng)性厭食癥的主要癥狀是無休止境減少體重,懼怕體重增加,聞胖“色”變。雖然該病名稱為厭食癥,但此類病人并非沒有食欲,或更確切地講不是“吃不下飯”而是不敢吃。神經(jīng)性厭食癥會產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的營養(yǎng)不良,從而造成機體功能的下降,如嚴(yán)重貧血、心率慢、易感染,從而威脅到生命。
    (二)關(guān)于餐館小費的付法
    由于各個國家和地區(qū)的文化傳統(tǒng)迥然有異,風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣更是復(fù)雜多樣,因此對小費的態(tài)度自然也有不同。但總體上,這種做法是對服務(wù)人員的一種尊敬。如在中國??吹饺缦乱恍┳龇ǎ簬紊峡鄢棋X后的金額,取其20%作為侍者的小費,酒錢的8%作為送酒侍者的小費,小金額為10元;如果領(lǐng)班為你找到一張?zhí)貏e好的桌子,給他20或50元;保管大衣的人10元,寄放東西給20元;如果女用洗手間管理員為你做了一些特別服務(wù),給她20元左右;看門的人幫你叫來出租車給 10元或20元。
    二、 課文講析
    (一)詞匯
    1 terrible 極壞的,很糟的
    考點:a terrible storm 一場可怕的風(fēng)暴 terrible responsibilities 極重大的責(zé)任
    2 complain 控訴,抱怨
    考點:complain about sth 抱怨某事
    3 overcharge 要價過高
    4 apologize 謝罪,道歉
    考點:apologize for 為… …而道歉 apologize for oneself 為自己辯解或辯護(hù)
    5 charge 要(價),收(費)
    考點:charge sb. for sth. 因… …向某人要價
    6 disappoint 使失望
    考點:be disappoint in sb./sth. 對某人或某事失望
    be disappoint of one’s purpose 目的落空
    7 lay 放置
    考點:lay on 提供;給… …以責(zé)任,問題 lay out 布置;大道,擊倒
    8 remove 去掉;移走
    考點:be removed from 與… …遠(yuǎn)離,與… …疏遠(yuǎn)
    be removed from school 被開除,被勒令退學(xué)
    9 escape 逃跑
    考點:escape from 從… …逃脫,幸免與
    (二)短語
    1 no wonder 怪不得
    表示前面所說的原因?qū)е碌慕Y(jié)果,說話者有恍然大悟的感覺。
    e.g. He is sick, no wonder he doesn’t come today!
    No wonder he bought a new car! He got money from the prize.
    2 show sb around 帶領(lǐng)某人參觀
    around 后面通常接地點,表示周圍的地區(qū)或建筑物。
    e.g. Would you like to show me around the city ?
    Sorry, I don’t have time to show you around my factory now 。
    3 be fond of 喜歡
    后接名詞或動名詞,指“喜歡做某事”。
    e.g. I am fond of playing basketball , how about you ?
    John is fond of Chinese food very much 。
    4 spend some time doing sth 花費時間做某事
    后面必須接動名詞形式,不可接不定式。
    e.g I spend a lot of time cleaning my room 。
    How much do you spend time reading this novel?
    5 in the open air 在露天
    如果是詞組in the air , 則意思完全不同,指“流行的;不確定的”。
    e.g It’s funny to cook meals in the open air 。
    My schedule is still in the air
    (三)句型
    1 A barbecue set usually has a tray four or five inches in depth, in which the charcoal burns, a metal grill to cover the tray, and several long metal rods, called skewers, which hold the food.
    譯文:一套燒烤野餐餐具要有一個四五英寸深度的托盤,里面可以燒炭,一個金屬燒烤搭在托盤上,還有幾個長的金屬桿,被稱為烤肉桿,可以串著肉。
    講解:詞組in depth 與名詞deepness 同義,指“深度”。In which 相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞where,引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句,修飾tray ,第二個which 修飾的是skewers 。
    e.g I like this bag very much , in which I can put many things 。
    2 Put little balls of paper among the charcoal so as to make a good fire , but wait until it is hot and smokeless before cooking 。
    譯文:把小的球狀物的紙團(tuán)放到木炭周圍是為了較好的燃燒,但是要一直等到木炭變紅、變熱和無煙的時候,才能燒烤。
    講解:這是兩個祈使句,以動詞put 和wait 開頭。Until 等同于till 指“直到… …的時候”。So as to do st指“為了做某事”,相當(dāng)于in order to do sth 。
    e.g. He studies hard so as to enter this famous university 。
    3 Although this barbecued meal , cooked and served in the open air , is
    excellent by itself , there are two ways by which it might be improved 。
    譯文:雖然這個在露天燒烤,享用的野餐自身來說還是極好的,但有兩個方法或許可以改善它。
    講解:cooked 和served 都是過去分詞做meal 的定語。By which 引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,修飾ways 。by itself 指“本身”,by oneself 指“單獨地,獨自地”。
    e.g. I went to Japan one year ago by myself 。
    三、 ??颊Z法
    讓步狀語從句
    1 表示讓步的狀語從句可以由although , even if , even though , whether 等詞引導(dǎo)。
    e.g. We’ll try to finish the work in time though / although we are short of manpower 。
    Granted that they weren’t doing it in the right way , you weren’t right in taking everything on yourself.
    You mustn’t be conceited even if you ‘re achieved great successes 。
    We’ll carry on the work whether we can get the machines we need 。
    2 由as , though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句表讓步,此時由as , though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句是表語或狀語提前(形容詞、副詞 、分詞、實義動詞提前)
    e.g Exhausted though she was , there was no hope of her being able to sleep 。
    Poor as he was , he was honest 。
    Try as I might , I couldn’t lift the stone 。
    3 “no matter + 疑問句”或“疑問句 + ever ”亦可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,具有“不論”、“不管”的意思。
    .e.g No matter what happened , Tom would not mind 。
    Whatever happened , Tom would not mind.
    四、 口試必備用語
    在飯店、餐館等場合就餐時,侍者或朋友可以有如下詢問:
    1 Will you have some beer , Mr wang ?
    2 Can I give you something else , Madam ?
    3 What would you like for eat ?
    4 What would you like for dessert ?
    5 Are you ready to order ?
    6 Do you want some fruit ?
    7 Do you want something to drink ?
    根據(jù)自己的需要,作出相應(yīng)的回答。
    1 I’d like some steak 。
    2 I’ll have some beer , please 。
    3 Yes , please 。 I want an apple 。
    4 A small glass of whisky , please 。
    5 No , thank you 。 I don’t need anything else 。
    6 I’d like to try this soup 。
    結(jié)帳時可以說:
    1 Can I pay by credit card ?
    2 Here you are 。
    3 Sorry , we only take cash 。
    4 Here is your charge