1982年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題
Section I Structure and Vocabulary
In each question, decide which of the four choices given will complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Circle the letter before your choice. Only one choice is to be circled (12 points)
EXAMPLE:
(1) The matter ________ you were arguing about last night has been settled.
[A] what
[B] as
[C] whom
[D] that
ANSWER: [D]
(2) We must not rule ________ the possibility of miscalculation.
[A] away
[B] off
[C] out
[D] up
ANSWER: [C]
1. You never told us why you were late for the last meeting, ________?
[A] weren’t you
[B] didn’t you
[C] had you
[D] did you
2. I have to get ________ about the subject before I write the paper.
[A] a few more informations
[B] a little more information
[C] a few more information
[D] a little more informations
3. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar ________ write correctly.
[A] you will
[B] you can
[C] can you
[D] can’t you
4. ________ it is you’ve found, you must give it back to the person it belongs to.
[A] That
[B] Because
[C] Whatever
[D] However
5. Although ________ happened in that developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.
[A] which
[B] what
[C] how
[D] it
6. He studied hard at school when he was young ________ contributes to his success in later life.
[A] , which
[B] therefore
[C] which
[D] so that
7. He felt it rather difficult to take a stand ________ the opinion of the majority.
[A] against
[B] by
[C] to
[D] in
8. I need a book dealing ________ anti-pollution problems.
[A] about
[B] on
[C] with
[D] to
9. He has been asked to account ________ his absence.
[A] of
[B] on
[C] about
[D] for
10. Science has brought ________ many changes in our lives.
[A] out
[B] int0
[C] about
[D] forward11. How did it come ________ that you made a lot of mistakes in your homework?
[A] about
[B] after
[C] with
[D] to
12. Science has brought ________ many changes in our lives.
[A] for
[B] to
[C] in
[D] with
Section II Verb Forms
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of verbs given in brackets. (12 points)
EXAMPLE:
(1) Will you call them up and tell them we'll start as soon as the rain ________ (stop)?
ANSWER: stops
(2) ________ (See) from the moon, our Earth looks like a big bright disk.
ANSWER: Seen
13. The author gave a detailed description ________ (base) on his personal observation of nature.
14. The way he talks is simply int0lerable I object to ________ (treat) like a child.
15. These students are quick at learning. We’ll have them ________ (train) in new methods.
16. Had she been given some information, she ________ (can answer) the questions.
17. Helen borrowed my dictionary the other day ________ (say) that she ________ (return) it soon.
18. Mary always has a lot of letters to write. She ________ (write) letters all afternoon and she still ________ (not finish).
19. We promised them to be there by 5 o’clock. Now it’s 4:50 already, and the rain ________ (pour) down like this. They ________ (must wait) for us impatiently.
20. Mr. Green ran all the way up to the station only ________ (find) that the train ________ (leave) fifteen minutes before.Section III Error-detectionEach question consists of a sentence with four underlined parts (words or phrases). These parts are labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the part of the sentence that is incorrect, and circle the letter of your choice. If you find no mistakes in a sentence, circle the letter E for "No Error". Only one choice is to be circled. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
1) The plant manager, likeA many workers, wereB very experiencedC inD safety precautions. No ErrorE
ANSWER: [B]
2) To comprehend wellA, aB student mustC read frequentlyD. No ErrorE
ANSWER: [E]
21. If the policeman would haveA arrivedB earlier, he would haveC seenD the accident. No ErrorE
22. The tasksA of the directorB are greater thanC his assistantD. No ErrorE
23. NeitherA the teacher norB the students wereC introduced to theirD dean. No ErrorE
24. The visibility became so badA thatB I could not hardlyC see the man who was walking one footD in front of me. No ErrorE
25. She hungA upB all the clothes that has beenC layingD around the room. No ErrorE
26. The amountA of hours we spent onB the work was ratherC smallD. No ErrorE
27. The lecturer is a person withA great promiseB and whoC should beD encouraged. No ErrorE
28. My name is William, andA most ofB my friends callC me Bill for shortD. No ErrorE
29. We stronglyA suggest thatB Smith is toldC about hisD physical condition as soon as possible. No ErrorE
30. The group isA waitingB for theirC plane toD Beijing. No ErrorE
Section IV Cloze Test
For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled A, B, C, and D. Choose the correct one and circle the letter before your choice. Only one choice is to be circled. (11 points)
EXAMPLE:
____1____ the final scene I noticed him ____2____ his eyes..
1. [A] During
[B] While
[C] As soon as
[D] No sooner than
2. [A] to wipe
[B] wiping
[C] to be wiped
[D] having wiped
ANSWER: 1. [A] 2. [B]
大31家 before man learned how to build houses, he 大32家 natural shelters, as the animals did. He found that he could 大33家 himself by climbing up int0 trees or by crouching 大34家 the overhanging edges of cliffs, or by crawling int0 大35家. The first shelters or homes actually built by man were very simple. For his building 大36家, he used what he could find easily 大37家 him: rocks, tree branches, dried grasses, animal skins. It was 大38家, however, before man began to build 大39家 shelters because 大40家 man learned to farm, he lived by 大41家.
31. [A] Epoch
[B] Long
[C] Time
[D] Age
32. [A] looked after
[B] looked about
[C] looked for
[D] looked int0
33. [A] protect
[B] confine
[C] bury
[D] cover
34. [A] to
[B] above
[C] int0
[D] under
35. [A] cracks
[B] pits
[C] caves
[D] cavities
36. [A] rocks
[B] substance
[C] materials
[D] groundwork
37. [A] around
[B] above
[C] under
[D] over
38. [A] in time
[B] many a time
[C] behind the time
[D] a long time
39. [A] permanent
[B] unchangeable
[C] changeable
[D] perpetual
40. [A] if
[B] in case
[C] until
[D] after
41. [A] fishing
[B] gaming
[C] hunting
[D] shootingSection V Reading ComprehensionEach sentence or paragraph below is followed by four statements. One of the statements is a suggestion which can be drawn from the information given in the original sentence or paragraph. Read the sentences and paragraph carefully and circle your choice. Only one choice is to be circled. (10 points)
EXAMPLE:
Whether the study of the lunar rocks will answer the long debated question of the origin of the moon remains to be seen.
[A] The speaker wants to remain behind to see whether the study will throw light on the question.
[B] The speaker feels that the study will probably answer the question.
[C] The speaker is sure that the study will produce an answer to the question.
[D] The speaker is not sure whether the study will answer the question or not.
ANSWER: [D]
42. If this book begins with a familiar them — the Indian experience of the last 120 years — the author brings to it great power and deep understanding.
[A] This means that the book was written 120 years ago.
[B] This means that the Indian experience of the last 120 years is a familiar experience, and nothing new can be written about it.
[C] This means that the book lacks understanding of the Indian experience.
[D] This means that the writer of this sentence likes the book.
43. I disagreed then as now with many of John Smith’s judgments, but always respected him, and this book is a welcome reminder of his big, honest, friendly, stubborn personality.
[A] The writer of this sentence dislikes John Smith, but agrees with his ideas.
[B] The writer of this sentence considers John Smith to be a disagreeable person.
[C] The writer of this sentence disagrees with John Smith but respects him.
[D] The writer of this sentence disagreed with him then but agrees with him now.
44. Just before his tenth birthday John received a horse from his father; this was the first of a series of expensive gifts intended to create the impression of a loving parent.
[A] John received the horse because he was ten.
[B] John received the horse because his father loved him.
[C] John received the horse because his father wanted to seem loving.
[D] John received the horse because his father wouldn’t be able to give him expensive gifts in the future.
45. It cannot be doubted that without intelligence and diligence on the part of the students themselves, as indeed without the leadership and the coaching of the teachers, a good examination result will not come.
[A] This sentence means that for a good result of an examination both the intelligence and diligence of the students and the guidance of the teachers must be stressed.
[B] This sentence means that a good result of examination will come without either the students’ effort or that of the teachers.
[C] This sentence means that a good examination result depends chiefly on the correct guidance of the teachers.
[D] This sentence means that a good examination result depends on either the students or the teachers.
46. Industry and commerce are the largest users of electrical energy. Using less electricity would mean a reduced industrial capacity and fewer jobs in the affected industries. Therefore an unfavorable change in our economic structure might result.
[A] This means that decreasing the use of electricity must begin immediately.
[B] This means that decreasing the use of electricity will cause difficulties.
[C] This means that decreasing the use of electricity isn’t important.
[D] This means that decreasing the use of electricity won’t affect industry.
Section VI Chinese-English TranslationTranslate the following sentences int0 English. (15 points)
47. 隨著時間的過去，他將會懂得我所講的話。
48. 聽說那個地區(qū)的工廠比1970年增加了兩倍。
49. 在這個季節(jié)保持蔬菜新鮮可不容易。
50. 只要我們繼續(xù)努力工作，我們就能提前完成任務(wù)。
51. 盡管我們的政治和經(jīng)濟制度存在著巨大差異，我們兩國在許多方面有著共同的利益。Section VII English-Chinese Translation
Choose either of the following two passages and translate it int0 Chinese. (30 points)
(1)
In country after country, talk of non-smokers’ right is in the air. While a majority of countries have taken little or no action yet, some 30 nations have introduced legislative steps to control smoking. Many laws have been introduced in other countries to help clear the air for nonsmokers, or to cut cigarette consumption.
In some developed countries the consumption of cigarettes has become more or less stabilized. However, in many developing nations, cigarette smoking is seen as a sign of economic progress — and is even encouraged. As more tobacco companies go international, new markets are sought to gain new smokers in those countries. For example, great efforts are made by the American tobacco industry to sell cigarettes in the Middle East and North Africa — where U.S. tobacco exports increased by more than 27 percent in 1974.
Smoking is harmful to the health of people. World governments should conduct serious campaigns against it. Restrictions on cigarette advertisements, plus health warnings on packages and bans on public smoking in certain places such as theatres, cinemas and restaurants, are the most popular tools used by nations in support of nonsmokers or in curbing smoking. But world attention also is focusing on another step which will make the smoker increasingly self-conscious and uncomfortable about his habit. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit. And cigarette price should be boosted.
In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether, but people are not ready for such drastic action.
(2)
Nuclear power’s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.
Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can’t be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can’t detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can’t sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.
At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells in vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage many not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed outright. Your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in a deformed way. They can grow int0 cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.
This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or liable to serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.
Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.
1982年考研英語真題答案
Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (12 points)
|
1. [D] |
2. [B] |
3. [C] |
4. [C] |
5. [B] |
|
6. [A] |
7. [A] |
8. [C] |
9. [D] |
10. [C] |
|
11. [A] |
12. [C] |
|
|
|
Section II: Verb Forms (12 points)
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13. based |
14. being treated |
|
15. trained |
16. could have answered |
|
17. saying; would return |
18. has been writing; has not finished |
|
19. is pouring; must be waiting |
20. to find; had left |
Section III: Error-detection (10 points)
|
21. [A] |
22. [D] |
|
23. [E] |
24. [C] |
|
25. [D] |
26. [A] |
|
27. [C] |
28. [A] |
|
29. [C] |
30. [C] |
Section IV: Cloze Test (11 points)
|
31. [B] |
32. [C] |
33. [A] |
34. [D] |
35. [C] |
|
36. [C] |
37. [A] |
38. [D] |
39. [A] |
40. [C] |
|
41. [C] |
|
|
|
|
Section V: Reading Comprehension (10 points)
|
42. [D] |
43. [C] |
44. [C] |
45. [A] |
46. [B] |
Section VII: Chinese-English Translation (15 points)
56. As time goes on, he will understand what I said.57. We have been told that there are now three times as many factories in that district as in 1970.
58. It is hard work keeping vegetables fresh in this season.
59. So long as we continue to work hard, we can finish the task ahead of schedule.
60. Despite the great differences between our political and economic systems, our two countries share a wide range of common interest.(1)
不吸煙者的權(quán)利問題，正在一個又一個國家里開始議論。至今多數(shù)國家很少或還沒有采取措施，有三十個左右的國家已經(jīng)采取法律程序控制吸煙。另一些國家則已制訂旨在為不吸煙者凈化空氣或消減紙煙消費量的多種法律。
在某些發(fā)達國家中。紙煙的消費量已漸趨穩(wěn)定。然而在許多發(fā)展中國家里，吸煙卻被視為經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的一種標(biāo)志——甚至受到鼓勵。隨著更多的煙草公司走上國際化的道路，它們在這些國家中尋找新的市場，爭取更多的吸煙者。例如美國煙草工業(yè)就力圖在中東和北非推銷香煙——在這些地區(qū)，美國煙草出口量在1974年增加了百分之二十七以上。
吸煙對人民健康有害。世界各國政府應(yīng)該開展認(rèn)真的反對吸煙運動。限制香煙廣告，每包香煙上加印有害健康的警告，以及禁止在諸如影劇院和餐館等某些公共場所吸煙，這些都是許多國家用以支持不吸煙者和控制吸煙最常用的辦法。同時，人們也正把注意力集中在另一項措施上。這項措施將使吸煙者越來越意識到自己的不良習(xí)慣并為此感到不安。應(yīng)該作出巨大努力告訴青年人抽煙的危害性，特別是養(yǎng)成抽煙習(xí)慣的可怕后果。而且香煙價格應(yīng)予提高。
從長遠觀點看，毫無疑問，如果能完全禁止吸煙，那么每個人的境況將得到很大的改善。但對于采取這種極端措施，人們尚無準(zhǔn)備。
(2)
(2)
核能對健康、安全甚至對生命本身構(gòu)成的危險可以用一個詞來概括：輻射。
核輻射這種現(xiàn)象多少有點神秘，其部分原因是人類的官能無法覺察到它的存在。盡管我們周圍可能都是輻射線，可是我們看不風(fēng)它，聽不到它，摸不著它，也辨別不出它的味道。還有一些和它相類似的東西。例如，我們四周到處都是無線電波，但如果沒有無線電接收器，我們就不能探測到或感覺到它的存在。同樣，如果不用輻射探測器，我們也不能感覺到放射現(xiàn)象。但核輻射不同于普通的無線電波，它對人類以及其他生物不是無害的。
能級非常高的輻射線能摧毀重要器官里的大量細(xì)胞從而把動物或人立即殺死。即使是最低能級的輻射線也能造成嚴(yán)重的損害。不存在任何絕對安全的輻射能級。如果輻射線沒有擊中任何重要的東西，造成的損害可能不太大。當(dāng)輻射線只擊中少數(shù)細(xì)胞并且立即摧毀它們的時候，情況就是這樣。你的身體能以健康的細(xì)胞代替死亡的細(xì)胞。但如果這些少數(shù)的細(xì)胞只受到損壞，而這些細(xì)胞又自行繁殖，那你就會遇到麻煩。它們進行畸形繁殖。它們有可能演變成癌，這種情況有時在許多年之后才能顯示出來。
這是核輻射現(xiàn)象帶有某些神秘色彩的另一個原因。它可能在損害已經(jīng)發(fā)生而受害者意識不到的情況下造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p害。一個人在受到照射時可能感覺良好，結(jié)果在五年、十年或二十年后死于癌癥。或者小孩一生下來就體弱或易于感染嚴(yán)重的疾病，原因是他的祖父母曾吸收過輻射線。
輻射線能傷害我們。我們應(yīng)該知道真相。