第一節(jié)
重點話題與句型（一）
1 ） With more emphasis put on “building a harmonious society”, people begin to realize the importance of solving the problem of inequality （ solving the problem of unemployment/ enabling some people to get rich and helping the disadvantaged… ）
2 ） Since “sustainable development” is our main goal, we should pay more attention to striking a balance between economic development and environmental protection （ producing more goods and saving natural resources… ）
3 ） As the central task of our country is to “build a well-off society in an all-round way”, more efforts are being made to improve the living standards of the people… （ people need more comfortable housing and more convenient transportation… ）
4 ） With the rapid growth of our economy （ transportation system/ market economy/ private enterprises/ housing industry… ） , an increasing number of problems have arisen, such as…
5 ） With the rapid development of science and technology （ electronic industry/ higher education… ） , more and more people come to realize that…
6 ） Currently, there is a widespread concern over high unemployment rate （ desertification/ widespread corruption/ energy crisis/ traffic jams/ water shortage/ increasing traffic accidents… ） .
7 ） Nowadays, a heated debate about private cars （ China’s football/ brain drain… ） is under way in China.
8 ） As the public awareness of market economy （ population control/ human rights/ competition/ laws and regulations… ） heightens , …
9 ） Unless we put more emphasis on environmental protection （ interpersonal relationship/ equality/ how to deal with stress… ） , the problem will be a hindrance to our building a “harmonious society”.
10 ） Different people hold different views on accession to WTO （ studying abroad/ private cars/ Internet surfing… ） . Some are in favor of…, while others are against…
11 ） The case only reveals the tip of an ugly iceberg of serious environmental pollution （ widespread waste/ organized crime… ）
12 ） When it comes to the problem （ the issue/ the case… ） of eating wild animals （ net chatting/ morning exercise… ）
13 ） As far as family planning （ adult education/ recycling… ） is concerned , there is much room for improvement.
14 ） All these statistics （ pictures… ） reveal a painful fact that corruption is spreading rapidly in our country （ more and more fish have been killed… ）
15 ） Without love, my classmate Xiao Wang would have died in the hospital. But with our love and care, he survived the illness and can enjoy his life now.
16 ） Without computers （ cell phones/ private cars/ the Internet… ） , it would be difficult to imagine modern life.
17 ） It is imperative for us to take effective （ drastic/ immediate/ prompt… ） measures to correct the situation （ eliminate environmental pollution/ fight against corruption/ ban drug abuse… ）
18 ） The participating Slogan should be an embodiment of the concept of “Green Olympics, Hi-Tech Olympics and People’s Olympics” with “People’s Olympics” as its highlight and should reflect the unique cultural background and humanism of China and Beijing. （ One World, One Dream ）
19 ） Let us work hand in hand to solve this problem （ hold back a tidal wave of crimes/ fight against corruption… ）
20 ） We should do our best in eliminating industrial pollution （ fake commodities/ poverty in China… ）
重點話題與句型（二）
We have just cros sed the threshold of the 21st century and the curtain of the new millennium is slowly rising. 我們剛剛跨入 21 世紀(jì)的門檻 , 新千年的帷幕正在徐徐升起 .
We are blessed with new opportunities and faced with new challenges.
我們被賦予新的機會 , 并且面臨著新的挑戰(zhàn) .
With the increasingly more rapidly economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention.
隨著日益迅速的經(jīng)濟全球化和城市化 , 更多的問題受到我們的關(guān)注 .
along with the development of ..., more and more..... 隨著 ..... 的發(fā)展 , 越來越多 . .....
In the past few years, there has been a sharp growth boom/decline in.... 在過去幾年內(nèi) ,.... 有顯著增長 / 激增 / 明顯滑坡 . ....
with the steady growth in the country's economy as well as the people' living standard, 隨著國家經(jīng)濟和人民生活水平的穩(wěn)步增長 ,
as living tempo/pace quickens, 隨著生活節(jié)奏的不斷加快 ,
While the rhythm/pace /tempo of people's living is speeding up, a lot of changes have taken place in.... 人民生活節(jié)奏加快的同時 ,.... 也發(fā)生了很多變化 .
with the fantastic spur both in industry and its economy in China, the number of... is on the rise 隨著中國工業(yè)經(jīng)濟的迅猛發(fā)展 ,.... 的數(shù)目不斷上升 .
It is commonly believed that the rise in .... is the inevitable result of economic development. 人們普遍認為 ,...... 的增長是經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果 .
In recent years, China has experienced an alarming increase in.... 最近幾年來 , 中國 ..... 有了驚人的增長 .
Nowadays people in increasing numbers begin to realize/be aware of/notice the importance of the problem of education/pollution/unemployment. 現(xiàn)在越來越多的人開始認識到教育 , 污染 , 失業(yè)問題的重要性 .
We often find ourselves caught/involved in a dilemma whether we should reach for the bear's paw or for the shark's fin.... 我們常常發(fā)現(xiàn)自己陷入一個進退維谷的境地 : 是取魚翅還是熊掌 ....
There is a growing worldwide awareness of the need for.... 世界性的對 ... 需要的認識正在不斷深入 .
Recently the issue/problem of... has been in the limelight/brought into focus/brought to public attention/concern. 最近 ... 的問題引起了人們的注意 / 成了焦點問題 / 引起了公眾的注意 / 關(guān)注 .
Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern. 最近這個現(xiàn)象引起了廣泛關(guān)注 .
One of the （ universal/pressing/burning/urgent ） problems/issues we are faced with （ confronting us ） is that... 我們面臨的其中一個全球性的 / 緊迫的 / 迫在眉睫的問題是 ....
Recently the problem/issue/conflict has become the focus/concern of the public. 最近這個問題 / 沖突成了公眾關(guān)注的焦點 / 中心 .
There is a （ public/general/heated/impassioned ） debate/discussion/controversy today/nowadays as to/over/on/concerning the issue/problem of...Those who criticize/oppose/object to...contend/argue that ....They believe that...But people who advocate/favor/are for...,on the other hand, maintain/assert that... 當(dāng)前 , 人們就某事 / 現(xiàn)象展開了激烈 / 廣泛的 / 熱烈的討論 / 爭論 . 批評 / 反對的人們辯稱 ...., 他們認為 ..... 然而 , 支持者卻認為 .....
A public debate has arisen as to the phenomenon of ... 關(guān)于 ... 的現(xiàn)象引發(fā)了一場公眾討論 .
There is a long-running debate as to whether.... 關(guān)于是否 .... 有一場持久論戰(zhàn) .
It is undeniable that ... has become the biggest concern of the present-day world. 不可否認的是 ,... 已成了當(dāng)今世界最令人關(guān)注的問題 .
Now it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/accepted/recognized that... They claim/argue/hold that....,but I wonder/doubt whether.... 現(xiàn)在人們普遍認為 ..... 人們認為 ..... 但是我懷疑它是否 ....
According to （ n ） survey/investigation/analysis/statistics/report released/conducted/made by...,there is a growing/increasing/declining number of...who/which.... 根據(jù) ... 發(fā)表的 / 所做的一份調(diào)查 / 分析 / 統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù) / 報告 ,...... 的數(shù)目呈上升 / 下降的趨勢 .
Once in a newspaper/magazine, I hit upon （ came across ） the report that...
有一次 , 在一份報紙 / 一本雜志上 , 我看到過一篇報道 .....
This case has aroused echoes throughout the country, with more and more people following its lead, but ideas about it vary widely. 這個時間在全國產(chǎn)生了反響 , 隨著越來越多的人步其后塵 , 對它的看法卻有很大的不同 .
The discussion about whether or not... is a very controversial one. There are people on both sides of the argument who have strong feelings. 關(guān)于是否 ... 的討論是個很有爭議性的問題 . 爭論的雙方情緒都非常激動 .
Those who criticize/oppose/object to/are against ... contend/argue/hold that...but people who advocate/favor/are for...,on the other hand, maintain/assert/claim that... 批評 / 反對 ... 的人爭論 / 認為 ...., 但是支持 / 贊成 ..... 的人則認為 / 聲稱 .. ...
Some argue/hold that...,but others set forth a totally different argument about the issue of... 有些人爭論 / 認為 ...., 但另外一些人則對 .... 的問題提出了完全不同的觀點 .
The other side of the coin has voiced strong opposition saying that.... 爭論的另一方發(fā)表了強烈的反對聲音 , 聲稱 . ...
重點話題與句型（三）
--- 描述圖畫或圖表的常用句型：
1. As can be clearly seen from the picture, …. 從這張畫中可以清楚地看到， …
譯：從這張畫中可以清楚地看到，隨著國際文化交流的增加，越來越多的外國人渴望訪問中國。
As can be clearly seen from the picture , with the increase in cultural exchange among countries, an increasing number of foreigners are eager to visit China.
2. As is shown above ， … 正如上面所示， …
譯：正如上面所示，有兩幅漫畫描述了兩種完全不同的情景。一幅描繪了人們在努力工作，而另一幅暗示了懶惰導(dǎo)致失敗。
As is shown above , there are two cartoons presenting two quite different situations. One depicts people who are working hard, while the other implies that laziness results in failure.
3. What a vivid picture it is! It tells us that… 這是一幅多么生動形象的畫?。∷嬖V我們 …
譯：這是一幅多么生動的畫??！它告訴我們，愛就像一盞在黑暗中的油燈 , 它照亮了人們的心靈。
What a vivid picture it is! It tells us that love is just like an oil lamp in the dark, which lightens people’s hearts.
4. According to the statistics given in the table, … 根據(jù)表中所給的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字， …
譯：根據(jù)表中所給的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字，最近 5 年來旅游者的人數(shù)大大增加， 2002 年達到 80,000,000 人。
According to the statistics given in the table , the number of tourists has grown greatly, 80,000,000 people in 2002.
5. It can be seen from the statistics （ or picture ） that … 從這些統(tǒng)計數(shù)字（或這張圖畫）中可以看到， …
譯：從這些統(tǒng)計數(shù)字（或這張圖畫）中可以看到，隨著城市中汽車數(shù)量的不斷增加 , 空氣污染和噪音已經(jīng)成為威脅城市居民生存的主要公害（ public hazards ）。
It can be seen from the statistics （ or picture ） that with the rapid increase in the number of cars, air pollution and noise have become the main public hazards threatening the survival of city residents.
6. It is generally believed （或 accepted, thought, held ） that … 人們普遍認為， …
譯：人們普遍認為，各國政府應(yīng)該采取有力措施來保護森林資源。
It is generally believed that the governments of all countries should take effective measures to protect forest resources.
7. The picture is thought-provoking, … 這幅畫發(fā)人深省， …
譯：這幅畫是發(fā)人深省的，它所說明的是我們今天社會普遍存在的一種現(xiàn)象。
The picture is thought-provoking, and what it illustrates is a common phenomenon in our society today.
8. What the drawing describes implies that …… 這張圖畫所描述的內(nèi)容暗示了， …
譯：這張圖畫所描述的內(nèi)容暗示了，我們應(yīng)該經(jīng)得住失敗的考驗。
What the drawing describes implies that we should withstand the test of failure.
--- 關(guān)于比較、利弊、優(yōu)缺點的句型 :
1. S + have （ or has ） a lot of advantages over... （與 ... 相比有許多優(yōu)點）
2. Compared with …, sb./sth. has/have the advantage of … （有 … 方面的長處； ... 的優(yōu)點是 … ）
3. be of great benefit to sb./sth. （對 ... 有益）
4. benefit sb/sth. （ 對 ... 有好處）
benefit from sth. （由于 ... 而受益）
5. do （ a lot of ） good to sb. （對 ... 有許多好處）
be good for sb./sth. （對 ... 有益）
do damage to sth./damage sth. （對 ... 造成損壞）
do harm to sth./harm sth./endanger sth. （對 ... 有害處）
6. be as （ not so ） good/great as. ..
7. not so much ...as... （與其說 ..., 不如說 ... ）
--- 說明原因的句型 :
1. There are two/some good reasons for sth./to do sth. …
生活條件改變的原因有兩條。首先，我們一直在貫徹執(zhí)行改革開放政策。其次，我們的經(jīng)濟在迅速發(fā)展并且出生率得到了控制。
There are two reasons for the changes in people's living conditions . First, we have been carrying out an opening and reform policy. Second, our national economy is developing rapidly and the birth rate has been under control. .
2． We have two good reasons for/against . ..
我們有兩條充分理由反對工業(yè)不受控制的發(fā)展。
We have two good reasons against the uncontrolled development of industry.
3. The reason for...is that + 從句
我們支持 “ 希望工程 ” 的原因是 , 許多貧困地區(qū)的兒童付不起繼續(xù)學(xué)業(yè)的各種費用。
The reason for us to support the “Project Hope” is that many children in poor areas can not shoulder different kinds of expenses to continue with their schooling.
--- 關(guān)于因果關(guān)系的句型 :
物價上升的原因是需求的增加。
The cause of （ =reason for ） higher prices was an increase in demand.
或 : Because the demand has increased, the prices are higher.
或 : An increase in demand results in higher prices.
或 : The demand has increased. As a result, the prices are higher.
或 : If there is an increase in demand, then prices rise
譯：他們?nèi)〉玫某晒怯捎谒麄兊目炭嗯Α?What they have achieved results from their hard （ =painstaking ） work.
-- 表示不同看法的句型 :
1. 人們對這個問題的看法各不相同。 When it comes to sth, the opinions of people differ
有些人認為 … ；其他人爭辯說 … ；還有一些人主張 …
Some believe that ... Others argue that .... Still others maintain that ...
2. 他們的觀點各不相同。 They are quite different from each other in their opinions.
3. 有些人持這樣的觀點：孩子少是好事。 Some people hold the opinion that it is good to have a small family.
4. 他們對這個問題的態(tài)度大相徑庭。 They think quite differently on this question.
5. 他們對噪音問題的態(tài)度截然不同。 They differ greatly in their attitudes towards noise problem.
家長和孩子對這個問題的看法不同。家長認為，孩子應(yīng)努力學(xué)習(xí)，得到好的學(xué)習(xí)成績。而孩子們則認為，他們應(yīng)該有更多的自由來支配他們的閑暇時間，來安排他們的未來。
Parents and children think differently on this question. Parents hold that children should work hard and do well at school. Children, however, maintain that they should have more freedom to spend their leisure time and to plan for their own future.
---- 表示必須、緊急、有困難做某事的句型 :
It is important （ necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, convenient, comfortable, expensive, desirable, advisable ） for sb. to do sth.
--- 常用諺語 （在議論文中） :
1. 常言道， “ 事物總是一分為二的。 ” As a popular saying goes, "Every coin has two sides".
2. As a proverb says, "Everything has two sides". On the one hand, physical exercise is good for your health. On the other hand, if you don't deal with it properly, it will do harm to your health. So we should look at the matter from two sides.
3. As a proverb says, " Where there is a will there is a way." （有志者事竟成。）
4. As a popular saying goes, "A man is known by the company he keeps." （觀其交友，知其為人。）
5. As is known to all, "No pains, no gains". （沒有苦，就沒有甜。）
6. It’s no use crying over the spilt milk. （覆水難收。）
7. More haste, less speed. （欲速者不達。）
8. Look before you leap. （三思而后行。）
9. He who laughs last laughs best. （誰最后笑，誰笑得。）
--- 辯論中常用的句型 :
1. There is no doubt that ... 譯：毫無疑問 the rapid increase in population 促使 the sharp decrease in the species of wild animals.
2. It is obvious/clear that 愛心是一盞燈 , 越黑暗的地方 , 它越明亮。
3. 眾所周知，中國一貫主張 , 國家不管大小 , 應(yīng)該一律平等。 As is known to all, China always maintains that all nations should be equal, be they large or small.
4. （ It's ） no wonder ... （難怪） 譯：他不努力工作 , 難怪他丟了工作。
5. It goes without saying that ... （ 不成問題 , 很自然 ） ：很自然，健康的人比病人幸福。 It goes without saying that healthy people are much happier than sick ones.
6.What is more important, we should 保持 ecological balance.
7. I am convinced that only if our society is full of love, tomorrow will be much better and brighter.
8. It is no exaggeration to say … 可以毫不夸張地說， …
--- 舉例表示法 :
1. For example,/ For instance,the people's economic status has been greatly improved.
2. A case in point is that the economic status of the people has been improved.
3. Let's have an example. TV sets, refrigerators and recorders have become household necessities.
重點話題與句型（四）
1 ．開頭段的常用核心句型
1 ） The arguer may be right about..., but he seems to neglect to mention the fact that....
2 ） Contrary to generally accepted views, I argue that....
3 ） There is an element of truth in this argument, but it ignores a deeper and more basic fact that....
4 ） It is true that ..., but this is not to say that....
5 ） The main / obvious problem with this argument is that it is blind to the basic fact that....
6 ） It would be natural / reasonable to think that..., but it would be absurd to claim that....
7 ） In all the discussion and debate over..., one important fact is generally overlooked / neglected.
8 ） There is absolutely no reason for us to believe that....
9 ） To assume that...is far from being proved.
10 ） A close inspection of this argument would reveal how flimsy （ groundless ） it is.
11 ） On the surface （ At first thought ） , it may seem an attractive idea, but on second thought, we find that....
12 ） Too much emphasis placed on...may obscure other facts....
13 ） The problem / fact are that....
14 ） However logical this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem.
15 ） As far as I am concerned, I believe that....
16 ） Although I appreciate that..., I cannot agree with....
17 ） Those who object to ... argue that.... But people who favor..., on the other hand, argue that....
18 ） Currently, there is a general concern over....
19 ） Now it is widely acknowledged that.... But I wonder whether....
20 ） These days we often hear about ..., but is this really the case?
2 、中間段的常用核心句型
1 ） The change in...Mainly results from....
2 ） The increase in...Is due to the fact that....
3 ） Many people would claim that....
4 ） One of the reasons given for...is that.... What is also worth noticing is that....
5 ） There are a variety of reasons for this dramatic growth in.... First ... Second ... Finally...
6 ） There is no evidence to suggest that....
7 ） Why are （ is / do / did ） ...? For one thing ... For another...
8 ） There are numerous reasons why..., and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones.
9 ） It will exert remarkable effect on....
10 ） A multitude of factors could account for （ contribute to ） the change in....
11 ） With the development of..., vast changes awaits this country society.
12 ） History is filled with the examples of....
13 ） The story is not rare （ isolated / unique ） , it is one of many examples.
14 ） As is shown in the table released by the government, it can be learned that....
15 ） There is （ no ） good evidence to....
16 ） We must admit the undeniable fact that....
17 ） No one can deny （ brush aside ） the fact that....
18 ） Experience （ Evidence ） suggests that....
19 ） The same is true of....
20 ） As the saying goes, “....
3 、結(jié)尾段的常用核心句型
1 ） Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that....
2 ） Judging from all evidence offered ， we may safely come to the conclusion that
3 ） It is high time that we place great emphasis on the improvement of....
4 ） It is high time that we put an end to the unhealthy situation （ tendency / phenomenon ） of....
5 ） There is no easy solution to the problem of ..., but ... might be useful.
6 ） Given the factors I have just outlined, I can only say that....
7 ） Unless there is a common realization of ..., it is very likely that....
8 ） There is no denying that serious attention must be called to the problem of....
9 ） It is essential that effective measures should be taken to prevent the situation.
10 ） It is fundamental that effective actions should be taken to control the tendency.
11 ） It is suggested that great efforts should be made to control the growth of....
12 ） It is hoped that great efforts should be focused on finding （ developing / improving ） ....
13 ） It remains to be seen whether ..., but the prospect is not quite encouraging.
14 ） It remains unknown whether ..., but the outlook is quite rosy.
15 ） Anyhow, wider education should be given to the possible consequences of....
16 ） Anyway, more publicity should be given to the potential effects of....
17 ） To reverse the trend is not a light task, and it requires a different state of mind towards....
18 ） To control the tendency is not an easy job, and it involves a different state of attitude towards....
19 ） For the reasons presented above, I strongly commit to the notion that....
20 ） To put all into a nutshell, I....
重點話題與句型（一）
1 ） With more emphasis put on “building a harmonious society”, people begin to realize the importance of solving the problem of inequality （ solving the problem of unemployment/ enabling some people to get rich and helping the disadvantaged… ）
2 ） Since “sustainable development” is our main goal, we should pay more attention to striking a balance between economic development and environmental protection （ producing more goods and saving natural resources… ）
3 ） As the central task of our country is to “build a well-off society in an all-round way”, more efforts are being made to improve the living standards of the people… （ people need more comfortable housing and more convenient transportation… ）
4 ） With the rapid growth of our economy （ transportation system/ market economy/ private enterprises/ housing industry… ） , an increasing number of problems have arisen, such as…
5 ） With the rapid development of science and technology （ electronic industry/ higher education… ） , more and more people come to realize that…
6 ） Currently, there is a widespread concern over high unemployment rate （ desertification/ widespread corruption/ energy crisis/ traffic jams/ water shortage/ increasing traffic accidents… ） .
7 ） Nowadays, a heated debate about private cars （ China’s football/ brain drain… ） is under way in China.
8 ） As the public awareness of market economy （ population control/ human rights/ competition/ laws and regulations… ） heightens , …
9 ） Unless we put more emphasis on environmental protection （ interpersonal relationship/ equality/ how to deal with stress… ） , the problem will be a hindrance to our building a “harmonious society”.
10 ） Different people hold different views on accession to WTO （ studying abroad/ private cars/ Internet surfing… ） . Some are in favor of…, while others are against…
11 ） The case only reveals the tip of an ugly iceberg of serious environmental pollution （ widespread waste/ organized crime… ）
12 ） When it comes to the problem （ the issue/ the case… ） of eating wild animals （ net chatting/ morning exercise… ）
13 ） As far as family planning （ adult education/ recycling… ） is concerned , there is much room for improvement.
14 ） All these statistics （ pictures… ） reveal a painful fact that corruption is spreading rapidly in our country （ more and more fish have been killed… ）
15 ） Without love, my classmate Xiao Wang would have died in the hospital. But with our love and care, he survived the illness and can enjoy his life now.
16 ） Without computers （ cell phones/ private cars/ the Internet… ） , it would be difficult to imagine modern life.
17 ） It is imperative for us to take effective （ drastic/ immediate/ prompt… ） measures to correct the situation （ eliminate environmental pollution/ fight against corruption/ ban drug abuse… ）
18 ） The participating Slogan should be an embodiment of the concept of “Green Olympics, Hi-Tech Olympics and People’s Olympics” with “People’s Olympics” as its highlight and should reflect the unique cultural background and humanism of China and Beijing. （ One World, One Dream ）
19 ） Let us work hand in hand to solve this problem （ hold back a tidal wave of crimes/ fight against corruption… ）
20 ） We should do our best in eliminating industrial pollution （ fake commodities/ poverty in China… ）
重點話題與句型（二）
We have just cros sed the threshold of the 21st century and the curtain of the new millennium is slowly rising. 我們剛剛跨入 21 世紀(jì)的門檻 , 新千年的帷幕正在徐徐升起 .
We are blessed with new opportunities and faced with new challenges.
我們被賦予新的機會 , 并且面臨著新的挑戰(zhàn) .
With the increasingly more rapidly economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention.
隨著日益迅速的經(jīng)濟全球化和城市化 , 更多的問題受到我們的關(guān)注 .
along with the development of ..., more and more..... 隨著 ..... 的發(fā)展 , 越來越多 . .....
In the past few years, there has been a sharp growth boom/decline in.... 在過去幾年內(nèi) ,.... 有顯著增長 / 激增 / 明顯滑坡 . ....
with the steady growth in the country's economy as well as the people' living standard, 隨著國家經(jīng)濟和人民生活水平的穩(wěn)步增長 ,
as living tempo/pace quickens, 隨著生活節(jié)奏的不斷加快 ,
While the rhythm/pace /tempo of people's living is speeding up, a lot of changes have taken place in.... 人民生活節(jié)奏加快的同時 ,.... 也發(fā)生了很多變化 .
with the fantastic spur both in industry and its economy in China, the number of... is on the rise 隨著中國工業(yè)經(jīng)濟的迅猛發(fā)展 ,.... 的數(shù)目不斷上升 .
It is commonly believed that the rise in .... is the inevitable result of economic development. 人們普遍認為 ,...... 的增長是經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果 .
In recent years, China has experienced an alarming increase in.... 最近幾年來 , 中國 ..... 有了驚人的增長 .
Nowadays people in increasing numbers begin to realize/be aware of/notice the importance of the problem of education/pollution/unemployment. 現(xiàn)在越來越多的人開始認識到教育 , 污染 , 失業(yè)問題的重要性 .
We often find ourselves caught/involved in a dilemma whether we should reach for the bear's paw or for the shark's fin.... 我們常常發(fā)現(xiàn)自己陷入一個進退維谷的境地 : 是取魚翅還是熊掌 ....
There is a growing worldwide awareness of the need for.... 世界性的對 ... 需要的認識正在不斷深入 .
Recently the issue/problem of... has been in the limelight/brought into focus/brought to public attention/concern. 最近 ... 的問題引起了人們的注意 / 成了焦點問題 / 引起了公眾的注意 / 關(guān)注 .
Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern. 最近這個現(xiàn)象引起了廣泛關(guān)注 .
One of the （ universal/pressing/burning/urgent ） problems/issues we are faced with （ confronting us ） is that... 我們面臨的其中一個全球性的 / 緊迫的 / 迫在眉睫的問題是 ....
Recently the problem/issue/conflict has become the focus/concern of the public. 最近這個問題 / 沖突成了公眾關(guān)注的焦點 / 中心 .
There is a （ public/general/heated/impassioned ） debate/discussion/controversy today/nowadays as to/over/on/concerning the issue/problem of...Those who criticize/oppose/object to...contend/argue that ....They believe that...But people who advocate/favor/are for...,on the other hand, maintain/assert that... 當(dāng)前 , 人們就某事 / 現(xiàn)象展開了激烈 / 廣泛的 / 熱烈的討論 / 爭論 . 批評 / 反對的人們辯稱 ...., 他們認為 ..... 然而 , 支持者卻認為 .....
A public debate has arisen as to the phenomenon of ... 關(guān)于 ... 的現(xiàn)象引發(fā)了一場公眾討論 .
There is a long-running debate as to whether.... 關(guān)于是否 .... 有一場持久論戰(zhàn) .
It is undeniable that ... has become the biggest concern of the present-day world. 不可否認的是 ,... 已成了當(dāng)今世界最令人關(guān)注的問題 .
Now it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/accepted/recognized that... They claim/argue/hold that....,but I wonder/doubt whether.... 現(xiàn)在人們普遍認為 ..... 人們認為 ..... 但是我懷疑它是否 ....
According to （ n ） survey/investigation/analysis/statistics/report released/conducted/made by...,there is a growing/increasing/declining number of...who/which.... 根據(jù) ... 發(fā)表的 / 所做的一份調(diào)查 / 分析 / 統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù) / 報告 ,...... 的數(shù)目呈上升 / 下降的趨勢 .
Once in a newspaper/magazine, I hit upon （ came across ） the report that...
有一次 , 在一份報紙 / 一本雜志上 , 我看到過一篇報道 .....
This case has aroused echoes throughout the country, with more and more people following its lead, but ideas about it vary widely. 這個時間在全國產(chǎn)生了反響 , 隨著越來越多的人步其后塵 , 對它的看法卻有很大的不同 .
The discussion about whether or not... is a very controversial one. There are people on both sides of the argument who have strong feelings. 關(guān)于是否 ... 的討論是個很有爭議性的問題 . 爭論的雙方情緒都非常激動 .
Those who criticize/oppose/object to/are against ... contend/argue/hold that...but people who advocate/favor/are for...,on the other hand, maintain/assert/claim that... 批評 / 反對 ... 的人爭論 / 認為 ...., 但是支持 / 贊成 ..... 的人則認為 / 聲稱 .. ...
Some argue/hold that...,but others set forth a totally different argument about the issue of... 有些人爭論 / 認為 ...., 但另外一些人則對 .... 的問題提出了完全不同的觀點 .
The other side of the coin has voiced strong opposition saying that.... 爭論的另一方發(fā)表了強烈的反對聲音 , 聲稱 . ...
重點話題與句型（三）
--- 描述圖畫或圖表的常用句型：
1. As can be clearly seen from the picture, …. 從這張畫中可以清楚地看到， …
譯：從這張畫中可以清楚地看到，隨著國際文化交流的增加，越來越多的外國人渴望訪問中國。
As can be clearly seen from the picture , with the increase in cultural exchange among countries, an increasing number of foreigners are eager to visit China.
2. As is shown above ， … 正如上面所示， …
譯：正如上面所示，有兩幅漫畫描述了兩種完全不同的情景。一幅描繪了人們在努力工作，而另一幅暗示了懶惰導(dǎo)致失敗。
As is shown above , there are two cartoons presenting two quite different situations. One depicts people who are working hard, while the other implies that laziness results in failure.
3. What a vivid picture it is! It tells us that… 這是一幅多么生動形象的畫?。∷嬖V我們 …
譯：這是一幅多么生動的畫??！它告訴我們，愛就像一盞在黑暗中的油燈 , 它照亮了人們的心靈。
What a vivid picture it is! It tells us that love is just like an oil lamp in the dark, which lightens people’s hearts.
4. According to the statistics given in the table, … 根據(jù)表中所給的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字， …
譯：根據(jù)表中所給的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字，最近 5 年來旅游者的人數(shù)大大增加， 2002 年達到 80,000,000 人。
According to the statistics given in the table , the number of tourists has grown greatly, 80,000,000 people in 2002.
5. It can be seen from the statistics （ or picture ） that … 從這些統(tǒng)計數(shù)字（或這張圖畫）中可以看到， …
譯：從這些統(tǒng)計數(shù)字（或這張圖畫）中可以看到，隨著城市中汽車數(shù)量的不斷增加 , 空氣污染和噪音已經(jīng)成為威脅城市居民生存的主要公害（ public hazards ）。
It can be seen from the statistics （ or picture ） that with the rapid increase in the number of cars, air pollution and noise have become the main public hazards threatening the survival of city residents.
6. It is generally believed （或 accepted, thought, held ） that … 人們普遍認為， …
譯：人們普遍認為，各國政府應(yīng)該采取有力措施來保護森林資源。
It is generally believed that the governments of all countries should take effective measures to protect forest resources.
7. The picture is thought-provoking, … 這幅畫發(fā)人深省， …
譯：這幅畫是發(fā)人深省的，它所說明的是我們今天社會普遍存在的一種現(xiàn)象。
The picture is thought-provoking, and what it illustrates is a common phenomenon in our society today.
8. What the drawing describes implies that …… 這張圖畫所描述的內(nèi)容暗示了， …
譯：這張圖畫所描述的內(nèi)容暗示了，我們應(yīng)該經(jīng)得住失敗的考驗。
What the drawing describes implies that we should withstand the test of failure.
--- 關(guān)于比較、利弊、優(yōu)缺點的句型 :
1. S + have （ or has ） a lot of advantages over... （與 ... 相比有許多優(yōu)點）
2. Compared with …, sb./sth. has/have the advantage of … （有 … 方面的長處； ... 的優(yōu)點是 … ）
3. be of great benefit to sb./sth. （對 ... 有益）
4. benefit sb/sth. （ 對 ... 有好處）
benefit from sth. （由于 ... 而受益）
5. do （ a lot of ） good to sb. （對 ... 有許多好處）
be good for sb./sth. （對 ... 有益）
do damage to sth./damage sth. （對 ... 造成損壞）
do harm to sth./harm sth./endanger sth. （對 ... 有害處）
6. be as （ not so ） good/great as. ..
7. not so much ...as... （與其說 ..., 不如說 ... ）
--- 說明原因的句型 :
1. There are two/some good reasons for sth./to do sth. …
生活條件改變的原因有兩條。首先，我們一直在貫徹執(zhí)行改革開放政策。其次，我們的經(jīng)濟在迅速發(fā)展并且出生率得到了控制。
There are two reasons for the changes in people's living conditions . First, we have been carrying out an opening and reform policy. Second, our national economy is developing rapidly and the birth rate has been under control. .
2． We have two good reasons for/against . ..
我們有兩條充分理由反對工業(yè)不受控制的發(fā)展。
We have two good reasons against the uncontrolled development of industry.
3. The reason for...is that + 從句
我們支持 “ 希望工程 ” 的原因是 , 許多貧困地區(qū)的兒童付不起繼續(xù)學(xué)業(yè)的各種費用。
The reason for us to support the “Project Hope” is that many children in poor areas can not shoulder different kinds of expenses to continue with their schooling.
--- 關(guān)于因果關(guān)系的句型 :
物價上升的原因是需求的增加。
The cause of （ =reason for ） higher prices was an increase in demand.
或 : Because the demand has increased, the prices are higher.
或 : An increase in demand results in higher prices.
或 : The demand has increased. As a result, the prices are higher.
或 : If there is an increase in demand, then prices rise
譯：他們?nèi)〉玫某晒怯捎谒麄兊目炭嗯Α?What they have achieved results from their hard （ =painstaking ） work.
-- 表示不同看法的句型 :
1. 人們對這個問題的看法各不相同。 When it comes to sth, the opinions of people differ
有些人認為 … ；其他人爭辯說 … ；還有一些人主張 …
Some believe that ... Others argue that .... Still others maintain that ...
2. 他們的觀點各不相同。 They are quite different from each other in their opinions.
3. 有些人持這樣的觀點：孩子少是好事。 Some people hold the opinion that it is good to have a small family.
4. 他們對這個問題的態(tài)度大相徑庭。 They think quite differently on this question.
5. 他們對噪音問題的態(tài)度截然不同。 They differ greatly in their attitudes towards noise problem.
家長和孩子對這個問題的看法不同。家長認為，孩子應(yīng)努力學(xué)習(xí)，得到好的學(xué)習(xí)成績。而孩子們則認為，他們應(yīng)該有更多的自由來支配他們的閑暇時間，來安排他們的未來。
Parents and children think differently on this question. Parents hold that children should work hard and do well at school. Children, however, maintain that they should have more freedom to spend their leisure time and to plan for their own future.
---- 表示必須、緊急、有困難做某事的句型 :
It is important （ necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, convenient, comfortable, expensive, desirable, advisable ） for sb. to do sth.
--- 常用諺語 （在議論文中） :
1. 常言道， “ 事物總是一分為二的。 ” As a popular saying goes, "Every coin has two sides".
2. As a proverb says, "Everything has two sides". On the one hand, physical exercise is good for your health. On the other hand, if you don't deal with it properly, it will do harm to your health. So we should look at the matter from two sides.
3. As a proverb says, " Where there is a will there is a way." （有志者事竟成。）
4. As a popular saying goes, "A man is known by the company he keeps." （觀其交友，知其為人。）
5. As is known to all, "No pains, no gains". （沒有苦，就沒有甜。）
6. It’s no use crying over the spilt milk. （覆水難收。）
7. More haste, less speed. （欲速者不達。）
8. Look before you leap. （三思而后行。）
9. He who laughs last laughs best. （誰最后笑，誰笑得。）
--- 辯論中常用的句型 :
1. There is no doubt that ... 譯：毫無疑問 the rapid increase in population 促使 the sharp decrease in the species of wild animals.
2. It is obvious/clear that 愛心是一盞燈 , 越黑暗的地方 , 它越明亮。
3. 眾所周知，中國一貫主張 , 國家不管大小 , 應(yīng)該一律平等。 As is known to all, China always maintains that all nations should be equal, be they large or small.
4. （ It's ） no wonder ... （難怪） 譯：他不努力工作 , 難怪他丟了工作。
5. It goes without saying that ... （ 不成問題 , 很自然 ） ：很自然，健康的人比病人幸福。 It goes without saying that healthy people are much happier than sick ones.
6.What is more important, we should 保持 ecological balance.
7. I am convinced that only if our society is full of love, tomorrow will be much better and brighter.
8. It is no exaggeration to say … 可以毫不夸張地說， …
--- 舉例表示法 :
1. For example,/ For instance,the people's economic status has been greatly improved.
2. A case in point is that the economic status of the people has been improved.
3. Let's have an example. TV sets, refrigerators and recorders have become household necessities.
重點話題與句型（四）
1 ．開頭段的常用核心句型
1 ） The arguer may be right about..., but he seems to neglect to mention the fact that....
2 ） Contrary to generally accepted views, I argue that....
3 ） There is an element of truth in this argument, but it ignores a deeper and more basic fact that....
4 ） It is true that ..., but this is not to say that....
5 ） The main / obvious problem with this argument is that it is blind to the basic fact that....
6 ） It would be natural / reasonable to think that..., but it would be absurd to claim that....
7 ） In all the discussion and debate over..., one important fact is generally overlooked / neglected.
8 ） There is absolutely no reason for us to believe that....
9 ） To assume that...is far from being proved.
10 ） A close inspection of this argument would reveal how flimsy （ groundless ） it is.
11 ） On the surface （ At first thought ） , it may seem an attractive idea, but on second thought, we find that....
12 ） Too much emphasis placed on...may obscure other facts....
13 ） The problem / fact are that....
14 ） However logical this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem.
15 ） As far as I am concerned, I believe that....
16 ） Although I appreciate that..., I cannot agree with....
17 ） Those who object to ... argue that.... But people who favor..., on the other hand, argue that....
18 ） Currently, there is a general concern over....
19 ） Now it is widely acknowledged that.... But I wonder whether....
20 ） These days we often hear about ..., but is this really the case?
2 、中間段的常用核心句型
1 ） The change in...Mainly results from....
2 ） The increase in...Is due to the fact that....
3 ） Many people would claim that....
4 ） One of the reasons given for...is that.... What is also worth noticing is that....
5 ） There are a variety of reasons for this dramatic growth in.... First ... Second ... Finally...
6 ） There is no evidence to suggest that....
7 ） Why are （ is / do / did ） ...? For one thing ... For another...
8 ） There are numerous reasons why..., and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones.
9 ） It will exert remarkable effect on....
10 ） A multitude of factors could account for （ contribute to ） the change in....
11 ） With the development of..., vast changes awaits this country society.
12 ） History is filled with the examples of....
13 ） The story is not rare （ isolated / unique ） , it is one of many examples.
14 ） As is shown in the table released by the government, it can be learned that....
15 ） There is （ no ） good evidence to....
16 ） We must admit the undeniable fact that....
17 ） No one can deny （ brush aside ） the fact that....
18 ） Experience （ Evidence ） suggests that....
19 ） The same is true of....
20 ） As the saying goes, “....
3 、結(jié)尾段的常用核心句型
1 ） Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that....
2 ） Judging from all evidence offered ， we may safely come to the conclusion that
3 ） It is high time that we place great emphasis on the improvement of....
4 ） It is high time that we put an end to the unhealthy situation （ tendency / phenomenon ） of....
5 ） There is no easy solution to the problem of ..., but ... might be useful.
6 ） Given the factors I have just outlined, I can only say that....
7 ） Unless there is a common realization of ..., it is very likely that....
8 ） There is no denying that serious attention must be called to the problem of....
9 ） It is essential that effective measures should be taken to prevent the situation.
10 ） It is fundamental that effective actions should be taken to control the tendency.
11 ） It is suggested that great efforts should be made to control the growth of....
12 ） It is hoped that great efforts should be focused on finding （ developing / improving ） ....
13 ） It remains to be seen whether ..., but the prospect is not quite encouraging.
14 ） It remains unknown whether ..., but the outlook is quite rosy.
15 ） Anyhow, wider education should be given to the possible consequences of....
16 ） Anyway, more publicity should be given to the potential effects of....
17 ） To reverse the trend is not a light task, and it requires a different state of mind towards....
18 ） To control the tendency is not an easy job, and it involves a different state of attitude towards....
19 ） For the reasons presented above, I strongly commit to the notion that....
20 ） To put all into a nutshell, I....