完型填空的命題形式是——給考生一篇語(yǔ)句連貫的短文( 2001 年改革之前文章長(zhǎng)約 180-200 詞, 2001 年到 2007 年文章長(zhǎng)度為 280-300 詞),出題者依循一定的規(guī)律在每隔 4-15 個(gè)詞語(yǔ)之間挖掉一個(gè)詞語(yǔ),形成總共 20 處詞語(yǔ)的空缺,然后在相應(yīng)的空缺處設(shè)置包括三個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)在內(nèi)的四個(gè)備選答案,供考生選擇。
其實(shí)只要掌握以下的七大解題技巧,完形填空獲得高分并不是一件難事。
1. 從上下文尋找信息詞
完型填空所選的文章都是具有邏輯關(guān)系、意義相聯(lián)的語(yǔ)篇,而詞語(yǔ)的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)、同義詞和反義詞的使用是重要的連句成篇的詞匯紐帶,因此,在行文中不可避免地會(huì)出現(xiàn)詞語(yǔ)的復(fù)現(xiàn)、前后同義詞、反義詞相互照應(yīng)等現(xiàn)象。
以 1995 年考題為例。
The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more __43__. The new experiments, such as those described for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations __45__ of non-REM sleep. (95)
43. A. subtle B. obvious C. mysterious D. doubtful
45. A. in the light B. by virtue C. with the exception D. for the purpose
分析:只要細(xì)心尋找即可發(fā)現(xiàn),文章開頭說(shuō)的 “the purpose of non-REM sleep” 和結(jié)尾的 “_of non-REM sleep.” 遙相呼應(yīng)。所以 45 填 D 。而在后文的 fascinating 就指示 43 應(yīng)填與其同義的詞,故 43 題選 C ,因?yàn)閮烧叨急硎?“ 神秘的、為之著迷 " 的意思
2. 從慣用法、搭配角度考慮
注意固定的搭配,包括動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配、動(dòng)詞與名詞的搭配以及形容詞與名詞的搭配等,同時(shí)要根據(jù)內(nèi)容選擇正確的短語(yǔ)。例如:
Here’s a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself _____ so much money.
A for B by C to D of
分析:表示 “ 自取,隨便拿 ” 這個(gè)意義的短語(yǔ)是 help oneself to 故答案為 C
3. 從語(yǔ)法角度考慮
語(yǔ)法部分的測(cè)試是英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用的主要內(nèi)容之一。語(yǔ)法包括詞法和句法,詞法研究詞形的變化,如名詞的數(shù)、格,動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)等。句法研究句子結(jié)構(gòu),如句子的成份,語(yǔ)序以及句子的種類等。做完型題時(shí),應(yīng)首先以句子為單位,運(yùn)用所學(xué)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)作出分析和判斷。例如:
They do not provide energy, __ do they construct or build any part of the body.
A either B so C nor D never
分析:本題考察有關(guān)倒裝的語(yǔ)法知識(shí), neither/nor 否定詞 + 助動(dòng)詞, 表示:也不 …
4. 從詞匯的意義及用法考慮
做完型填空題時(shí),要注意詞義辯析的積累,包括區(qū)別同義詞、近義詞、反義詞、形近異義詞、同形異義詞。例如:
Successful safety programs may _45_greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program.
A alter B differ C shift D distinguish
5. 從段落或句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系考慮
做完型填空,需要把握各段落、句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系,這樣才能加深對(duì)文章的全面理解,因此,應(yīng)熟記表達(dá)各種不同邏輯關(guān)系的連詞,這些邏輯關(guān)系詞主要包括:
表示列舉的連詞: first, second, third … ;firstly, secondly, thirdly … ; first, next, then … ; in the first place, in the second place … ; for one thing, for another thing…;to begin with, to conclude…
表示原因的連詞: because, since, as, now that…
表示結(jié)果的連詞: so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result
表示讓步和轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞: however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever
表示對(duì)照的連詞: on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely
表示補(bǔ)充的連詞: also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, what’s more, too, either, neither, not … but … , not only … but also…
表示時(shí)間順序的連詞: when, while, as, after, before, since, until, as soon as, once
表示目的的連詞: that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that
表示條件的連詞: if, suppose (that), supposing (that), unless, in case, so (as) long as, so far as, on condition (that), provided (that), providing (that)
例如:
Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for excess vitamins. Many people ____ believe in being on the "safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. (96)
A. nevertheless B. therefore C. moreover D. meanwhile
6. 從邏輯推理、常識(shí)等角度考慮
解答完型填空題時(shí),有時(shí)文章中提供的信息還不夠,還需要考生把符合常識(shí)的一些知識(shí)信息結(jié)合起來(lái)考慮,最后選出符合常識(shí)的答案。因此,考生的知識(shí)范圍越廣,對(duì)文章的理解就越容易,整體上知道所選短文在說(shuō)什么,那么局部上的每一個(gè)空填起來(lái)也會(huì)得心應(yīng)手。例如:
(Immediately) the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the _____ hospital.
A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest
分析: 在這樣的緊急情況下,人們的第一個(gè)反應(yīng)是到最近的醫(yī)院就醫(yī),因此答案為 D 。
7. 排除法
如果不能很有把握地直接看出某一道題的答案,可以把排除法和詞匯、語(yǔ)法分析結(jié)合起來(lái)運(yùn)用,從而縮小選擇的范圍,提高答題準(zhǔn)確率。例如:
Specialists in history and economic, have ____ two things
A manifested B approved C show D speculated
分析:這段中提到的歷史及經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們要提出事實(shí)來(lái)支持自己的觀點(diǎn)。 Manifest 指表明,顯示,主語(yǔ)是某事或某物,例: the photograph manifested the truth of what she said.
approve 指批準(zhǔn),贊同; speculate 指思索,推測(cè),不及物動(dòng)詞,與 on 連用。從詞義和搭配上看,以上三個(gè)詞都不符合,所以排除。
其實(shí)只要掌握以下的七大解題技巧,完形填空獲得高分并不是一件難事。
1. 從上下文尋找信息詞
完型填空所選的文章都是具有邏輯關(guān)系、意義相聯(lián)的語(yǔ)篇,而詞語(yǔ)的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)、同義詞和反義詞的使用是重要的連句成篇的詞匯紐帶,因此,在行文中不可避免地會(huì)出現(xiàn)詞語(yǔ)的復(fù)現(xiàn)、前后同義詞、反義詞相互照應(yīng)等現(xiàn)象。
以 1995 年考題為例。
The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more __43__. The new experiments, such as those described for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations __45__ of non-REM sleep. (95)
43. A. subtle B. obvious C. mysterious D. doubtful
45. A. in the light B. by virtue C. with the exception D. for the purpose
分析:只要細(xì)心尋找即可發(fā)現(xiàn),文章開頭說(shuō)的 “the purpose of non-REM sleep” 和結(jié)尾的 “_of non-REM sleep.” 遙相呼應(yīng)。所以 45 填 D 。而在后文的 fascinating 就指示 43 應(yīng)填與其同義的詞,故 43 題選 C ,因?yàn)閮烧叨急硎?“ 神秘的、為之著迷 " 的意思
2. 從慣用法、搭配角度考慮
注意固定的搭配,包括動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配、動(dòng)詞與名詞的搭配以及形容詞與名詞的搭配等,同時(shí)要根據(jù)內(nèi)容選擇正確的短語(yǔ)。例如:
Here’s a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself _____ so much money.
A for B by C to D of
分析:表示 “ 自取,隨便拿 ” 這個(gè)意義的短語(yǔ)是 help oneself to 故答案為 C
3. 從語(yǔ)法角度考慮
語(yǔ)法部分的測(cè)試是英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用的主要內(nèi)容之一。語(yǔ)法包括詞法和句法,詞法研究詞形的變化,如名詞的數(shù)、格,動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)等。句法研究句子結(jié)構(gòu),如句子的成份,語(yǔ)序以及句子的種類等。做完型題時(shí),應(yīng)首先以句子為單位,運(yùn)用所學(xué)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)作出分析和判斷。例如:
They do not provide energy, __ do they construct or build any part of the body.
A either B so C nor D never
分析:本題考察有關(guān)倒裝的語(yǔ)法知識(shí), neither/nor 否定詞 + 助動(dòng)詞, 表示:也不 …
4. 從詞匯的意義及用法考慮
做完型填空題時(shí),要注意詞義辯析的積累,包括區(qū)別同義詞、近義詞、反義詞、形近異義詞、同形異義詞。例如:
Successful safety programs may _45_greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program.
A alter B differ C shift D distinguish
5. 從段落或句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系考慮
做完型填空,需要把握各段落、句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系,這樣才能加深對(duì)文章的全面理解,因此,應(yīng)熟記表達(dá)各種不同邏輯關(guān)系的連詞,這些邏輯關(guān)系詞主要包括:
表示列舉的連詞: first, second, third … ;firstly, secondly, thirdly … ; first, next, then … ; in the first place, in the second place … ; for one thing, for another thing…;to begin with, to conclude…
表示原因的連詞: because, since, as, now that…
表示結(jié)果的連詞: so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result
表示讓步和轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞: however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever
表示對(duì)照的連詞: on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely
表示補(bǔ)充的連詞: also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, what’s more, too, either, neither, not … but … , not only … but also…
表示時(shí)間順序的連詞: when, while, as, after, before, since, until, as soon as, once
表示目的的連詞: that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that
表示條件的連詞: if, suppose (that), supposing (that), unless, in case, so (as) long as, so far as, on condition (that), provided (that), providing (that)
例如:
Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for excess vitamins. Many people ____ believe in being on the "safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. (96)
A. nevertheless B. therefore C. moreover D. meanwhile
6. 從邏輯推理、常識(shí)等角度考慮
解答完型填空題時(shí),有時(shí)文章中提供的信息還不夠,還需要考生把符合常識(shí)的一些知識(shí)信息結(jié)合起來(lái)考慮,最后選出符合常識(shí)的答案。因此,考生的知識(shí)范圍越廣,對(duì)文章的理解就越容易,整體上知道所選短文在說(shuō)什么,那么局部上的每一個(gè)空填起來(lái)也會(huì)得心應(yīng)手。例如:
(Immediately) the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the _____ hospital.
A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest
分析: 在這樣的緊急情況下,人們的第一個(gè)反應(yīng)是到最近的醫(yī)院就醫(yī),因此答案為 D 。
7. 排除法
如果不能很有把握地直接看出某一道題的答案,可以把排除法和詞匯、語(yǔ)法分析結(jié)合起來(lái)運(yùn)用,從而縮小選擇的范圍,提高答題準(zhǔn)確率。例如:
Specialists in history and economic, have ____ two things
A manifested B approved C show D speculated
分析:這段中提到的歷史及經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們要提出事實(shí)來(lái)支持自己的觀點(diǎn)。 Manifest 指表明,顯示,主語(yǔ)是某事或某物,例: the photograph manifested the truth of what she said.
approve 指批準(zhǔn),贊同; speculate 指思索,推測(cè),不及物動(dòng)詞,與 on 連用。從詞義和搭配上看,以上三個(gè)詞都不符合,所以排除。