2012職稱英語考試綜合A類閱讀解析(七)
We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours’ sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours’ wakefulness and that， broadly speaking，me sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified．
The question is no mere academic one. The ease，for example， with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round- the- clock working of machines．It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness，sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately，it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week；a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a．m．one week， 8 a．m．to 4 p．m．the next， and 4 p．m．to 12 midnight the third and so on．This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he hast0 change to another，so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently．
The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night- shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts，but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work．
This latter system then appears to be the best long- term policy，but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine．One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature．People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels，broadly speaking，the adaptation of the body as a whole，particularly in terms of performance. Therefore，by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine， and this could be used as a basis for selection· So far，however，such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice．
The best solution for implementing the 24-hour working system seems _____.
A to change shifts at longer intervals
B to have longer shifts
C to employ people who work on night shifts only
D to create better living conditions for night workers
本題考察應(yīng)試者對文章具體內(nèi)容的理解。這需要聯(lián)系和概括第三段的第一句和第四段第一句的意思。第三段第一句說，“要真正解決這個問題似乎只有把夜班活固定地交給一批干長夜班的工人去干”。第四段第一句話又說，“這種專人干長夜班的方法看來不失為的長遠之計”。所以選項C是正確答案。
5．根據(jù)所讀材料進行判斷和推理
判斷和推理的能力對深刻理解一篇文章十分重要。特別是對理解作者字里行間的言外之意以及作者的觀點、寫作意圖和態(tài)度十分重要。所以這也是閱讀理解測試中常見的題目內(nèi)容。這類題常要求應(yīng)試者推斷文章的含義和引申意思，根據(jù)文章所提供的部分細膩或者文章的含義進行歸納，判斷所節(jié)選文章的某一部分的內(nèi)容要點，有時甚至要求推斷作者的身份。下面是判斷、推理的一些常見的表達方式。
（1） What is implied in the sentence（s） …？
（2）It is implied in the passage that _____.
（3）The passage implies／suggests that _____.
（4） It can be inferred／seen／concluded from the passage that _____.
（5）Which of the following can be inferred from this passage？
（6）Which of the following can be concluded from this passage？
（7） Which of t11e following conclusions could best be drawn from the passage？
（8） Based on the passage，we can assume that _____.
（9）We Call learn from the passage that the author is _____.
（10） In which of the following publications would this passage most likely be printed？
（11） The paragraph following the passage would most probably discuss _____.
（12） What would the paragraph preceding this passage probably discuss？
例1
“D0 you believe in life after death？’’ Jack’s boss asked Jack．
”Yes，sir．’’
“Well， then，that makes everything just fine，”the boss went on. “About an hour after you left yesterday to go to your grandfather’s funeral， he dropped in to see you.”
（1）What do you suppose Jack did the day before？
A He attended his grandfather’s funeral.
B He told a lie to get the day off.
C He meant to attend a funeral but didn’t.
D He did nothing special；he worked as usual.
（2）What do you suppose happened to Jack’s grandfather the day before？
A He had been dead for some days but suddenly came to life again.
B He was well and alive but his family thought he was dead and planned a funeral.
C He learned that Jack had cheated his boss and came to expose him.
D Nothing special happened to him; he was going about his usual business.
（3）When the boss said，“That makes everything just fine”， he _____.
A meant he was glad that Jack’s grandfather was still alive
B meant he was glad that Jack believed in life after death
C was， in fact， telling Jack that everything was OK
D was， in fact， telling Jack that he had been found out
（4）Who does the writer want to say was a real believer in life after death？
A Jack.
B Jack’s boss.
C Jack’s grandfather.
D No one.
這是一個幽默故事，它的幽默點往往不會直接說出來。應(yīng)試者應(yīng)該領(lǐng)悟其隱含的核心信息：杰克撒謊然后被揭穿。
這四個問題的答案如下：（1）B （2）D （3）D （4）D
We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours’ sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours’ wakefulness and that， broadly speaking，me sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified．
The question is no mere academic one. The ease，for example， with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round- the- clock working of machines．It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness，sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately，it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week；a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a．m．one week， 8 a．m．to 4 p．m．the next， and 4 p．m．to 12 midnight the third and so on．This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he hast0 change to another，so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently．
The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night- shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts，but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work．
This latter system then appears to be the best long- term policy，but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine．One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature．People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels，broadly speaking，the adaptation of the body as a whole，particularly in terms of performance. Therefore，by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine， and this could be used as a basis for selection· So far，however，such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice．
The best solution for implementing the 24-hour working system seems _____.
A to change shifts at longer intervals
B to have longer shifts
C to employ people who work on night shifts only
D to create better living conditions for night workers
本題考察應(yīng)試者對文章具體內(nèi)容的理解。這需要聯(lián)系和概括第三段的第一句和第四段第一句的意思。第三段第一句說，“要真正解決這個問題似乎只有把夜班活固定地交給一批干長夜班的工人去干”。第四段第一句話又說，“這種專人干長夜班的方法看來不失為的長遠之計”。所以選項C是正確答案。
5．根據(jù)所讀材料進行判斷和推理
判斷和推理的能力對深刻理解一篇文章十分重要。特別是對理解作者字里行間的言外之意以及作者的觀點、寫作意圖和態(tài)度十分重要。所以這也是閱讀理解測試中常見的題目內(nèi)容。這類題常要求應(yīng)試者推斷文章的含義和引申意思，根據(jù)文章所提供的部分細膩或者文章的含義進行歸納，判斷所節(jié)選文章的某一部分的內(nèi)容要點，有時甚至要求推斷作者的身份。下面是判斷、推理的一些常見的表達方式。
（1） What is implied in the sentence（s） …？
（2）It is implied in the passage that _____.
（3）The passage implies／suggests that _____.
（4） It can be inferred／seen／concluded from the passage that _____.
（5）Which of the following can be inferred from this passage？
（6）Which of the following can be concluded from this passage？
（7） Which of t11e following conclusions could best be drawn from the passage？
（8） Based on the passage，we can assume that _____.
（9）We Call learn from the passage that the author is _____.
（10） In which of the following publications would this passage most likely be printed？
（11） The paragraph following the passage would most probably discuss _____.
（12） What would the paragraph preceding this passage probably discuss？
例1
“D0 you believe in life after death？’’ Jack’s boss asked Jack．
”Yes，sir．’’
“Well， then，that makes everything just fine，”the boss went on. “About an hour after you left yesterday to go to your grandfather’s funeral， he dropped in to see you.”
（1）What do you suppose Jack did the day before？
A He attended his grandfather’s funeral.
B He told a lie to get the day off.
C He meant to attend a funeral but didn’t.
D He did nothing special；he worked as usual.
（2）What do you suppose happened to Jack’s grandfather the day before？
A He had been dead for some days but suddenly came to life again.
B He was well and alive but his family thought he was dead and planned a funeral.
C He learned that Jack had cheated his boss and came to expose him.
D Nothing special happened to him; he was going about his usual business.
（3）When the boss said，“That makes everything just fine”， he _____.
A meant he was glad that Jack’s grandfather was still alive
B meant he was glad that Jack believed in life after death
C was， in fact， telling Jack that everything was OK
D was， in fact， telling Jack that he had been found out
（4）Who does the writer want to say was a real believer in life after death？
A Jack.
B Jack’s boss.
C Jack’s grandfather.
D No one.
這是一個幽默故事，它的幽默點往往不會直接說出來。應(yīng)試者應(yīng)該領(lǐng)悟其隱含的核心信息：杰克撒謊然后被揭穿。
這四個問題的答案如下：（1）B （2）D （3）D （4）D