摘要：2012年職稱英語考試馬上要開始了，為考生整理了相關(guān)練習(xí)與大家分享，祝學(xué)習(xí)愉快！大家可隨時關(guān)注新東方在線職稱英語考試動態(tài)欄目，我們將第一時間公布相關(guān)考試信息。
溫習(xí)提示：2012年職稱英語考試已經(jīng)進入倒計時階段，新東方在線職稱英語頻道為大家精心準(zhǔn)備了2012年職稱英語各類考前模擬，希望對大家有所幫助，祝學(xué)習(xí)愉快!
第四部分：閱讀理解（每題3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項。請仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
第一篇 The best way to reduce your weight
重磅閱讀
2012年職稱英語沖刺備考 職稱英語資料中心 免費下載 [答疑]2012年職稱英語考試在線答疑活動 [動態(tài)]2012年職稱英語準(zhǔn)考證下載入口匯總 [備考]2012職稱英語考試臨場發(fā)揮技巧總結(jié) [備考]2012年職稱英語考試考前注意事項 [資料]2012職稱英語考前沖刺每日一練精選 [資料]2012年中石油職稱英語考試題型分析 You hear this：“No Wonder you are fat．An you ever do is eat．”You feel sad：“I skip my breakfast and supper．I run every morning and evening．What else can I do?”Basically you can do nothing．Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it． Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that，“80 percent of the Children of two obese parents become obese，as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight．” How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well，dieting can be effective．but the health costs are tremendous．Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people．They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day1.After more than 10 weeks，the subjects lost 45kg on average．But after leaving the hospital，they all regained．The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving．They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed；some were suicidal．They hid food in their rooms．Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people． Thin people，however, suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight．Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight．In four to six months，they ate as much as they could．They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there. This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight．It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight． The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true-each person has a comfortable weight range3.The range might be as much as 9kg．Someone might weigh 60-69 kg without too much effort But going above of below the natural weight range is difficult． The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks． 詞匯： obese adj.肥胖的 metabolic adj.新陳代謝的 psychiatric adj.精神病的 練習(xí)： 1. What determines your weight? A)Your working manner． B)Your eating habit． C)Your life style． D)Your genes． 2.What did Jules Hirsch do in his study? A)He let the eight fat people skip supper． B)He let the eight fat people skip breakfast． C)He let the eight fat people run every mornin8 and evening． D)He gave the eight fat people a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day． 3.What happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital? A)They went mad． B)They killed themselves． C)They were back to normal weight． D)They attempted suicide 4.What did Ethan Sims make his subjects do? A)Battle their genetic inheritance． B)Increase their weight． C)Stay at home． D)Lower their weight． 5. What did scientists think was true? A)Each person has a fixed weight range． B)Each person has a weight range of 9 kg． C)Each person wants to control his weight． D)Each person wants to eat to his heart's content． 參考答案： 1．D． 細(xì)節(jié)題。利用被選項中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)（A：working manner; B: eating habit; C: life style; D: genes）共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句： You hear this：“No Wonder you are fat．An you ever do is eat（選項B中eating的家族詞匯）．”You feel sad：“I skip my breakfast and supper．I run every morning and evening．What else can I do?”Basically you can do nothing． Your genes（基因），not your life habits（習(xí)慣），determine your weight（問題句中的核心結(jié)構(gòu)） and your body constantly （不斷地，經(jīng)常地）tries to maintain（保持，維修， 主張） it. 答案相關(guān)句說：你的基因而不是你的生活習(xí)慣決定了你的體重，因此你的身體總是試圖保持它。因此D是答案。 2. D。 細(xì)節(jié)題。利用問題句中的特征詞(Jules Hirsch)， 被選項中的共有結(jié)構(gòu)（eight fat people）及被選相中的一些細(xì)節(jié)信息詞及特征結(jié)構(gòu)（A: supper; B: breakfast; C: every morning and evening; D: liquid formula, 600 calories ）共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句： How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well，dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous．Jules Hirsch，a research（研究） physician（醫(yī)生）at Rockefeller University, did a study（研究） of eight fat people． They were given （被給）a liquid formula （流食配方）providing 600 calories a day1. After more than（超過） 10 weeks，the subjects(研究對象) lost 45kg on average（平均）．But after leaving the hospital，they all regained．The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving．They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed；some were suicidal．They hid food in their rooms．Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people． 答案相關(guān)句說“八個肥胖者被給予一種流食配方，每天提供600熱卡”，因此D是答案。 3．C． 細(xì)節(jié)題。 利用問題句中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)（eight fat people， hospital）及被選項中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)（C：normal weight; D: suicide）共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句： ?。ǖ?段） How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well，dieting can be effective．but the health costs are tremendous．（第2題答案相關(guān)句）Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people．They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day1.After more than （超過）10 weeks，the subjects（研究對象， 主題，學(xué)科， 受...影響的） lost（失去， 輸（比賽）） 45kg （4.5公斤？？？）on average（平均）.（第4句）But after leaving the hospital，they all regained（恢復(fù)）．The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving．They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed；some were suicidal（是選項D中的細(xì)節(jié)信息詞的家族詞匯）．They hid food in their rooms．Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight（選項C中的細(xì)節(jié)信息詞），but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people． （第4段） Thin people，however, suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight．Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got （說服）prisoners（犯人） to volunteer to （自愿...）gain weight(增肥， 體重增加) ．In four to six months，they ate as much as they could．They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But（但是） months after the study ended（結(jié)束），they were back to（恢復(fù)到） normal（正常的） weight and stayed停留在那里 there. 根據(jù)第3段中答案相關(guān)句的內(nèi)容判斷：這八個肥胖者出院后都恢復(fù)到了正常的體重。 4．B． 細(xì)節(jié)題。 利用問題句中的特征詞（Ethan Sims）及被選項中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)（A：genetic（遺傳的） inheritance； B：Increase （增加）their weight； C：Stay（逗留，保持） at home； D：Lower（降低） their weight）共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句： （第4段）Thin people，however, suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight．Ethan Sims（問題句中的特征詞），of the University of Vermont，got（說服，使, 變成， 獲得） prisoners（犯人） to volunteer to （自愿）gain weight（與選項B中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)呼應(yīng)）．In four to six months，they ate as much as they could（盡可能地...）．They succeeded in （成功地）increasing their weight（與選項B中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)呼應(yīng)） by（了） 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there. ?。ǖ?段）This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight．It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance （選項A中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)）if they want to significantly lower their weight（與選項D中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)呼應(yīng)）． 第4段中的答案相關(guān)句說：讓犯人自愿增加體重。可見B是正確的答案。 5．A． 細(xì)節(jié)題。 利用問題句中的細(xì)節(jié)信息詞（Scientists）和備選項A和備選項B中的共有詞（weight range）共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句： ?。ǖ?段）Thin people，however, suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight．（第4題答案相關(guān)句）Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight．In four to six months，they ate as much as they could．They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there. This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight．It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight． The findings （發(fā)現(xiàn)）also provide（提供） evidence（證據(jù)， 跡象）for something scientists （科學(xué)家）thought was true （正確的， 真實的， 忠誠的） --- each person has a comfortable（舒適的） weight range .The range might be as much as（大約）9kg． Someone might weigh 60-69 kg without too much effort. But going above of below the natural weight range is difficult． The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks． 答案相關(guān)句（最后一段的第一句話）說：結(jié)論還證實了科學(xué)家認(rèn)為是正確的一點，即每個人的體重有大約9公斤的一個固定范圍．因此A是答案。
2012年職稱英語沖刺備考 職稱英語資料中心 免費下載 [答疑]2012年職稱英語考試在線答疑活動 [動態(tài)]2012年職稱英語準(zhǔn)考證下載入口匯總 [備考]2012職稱英語考試臨場發(fā)揮技巧總結(jié) [備考]2012年職稱英語考試考前注意事項 [資料]2012職稱英語考前沖刺每日一練精選 [資料]2012年中石油職稱英語考試題型分析 You hear this：“No Wonder you are fat．An you ever do is eat．”You feel sad：“I skip my breakfast and supper．I run every morning and evening．What else can I do?”Basically you can do nothing．Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it． Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that，“80 percent of the Children of two obese parents become obese，as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight．” How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well，dieting can be effective．but the health costs are tremendous．Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people．They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day1.After more than 10 weeks，the subjects lost 45kg on average．But after leaving the hospital，they all regained．The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving．They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed；some were suicidal．They hid food in their rooms．Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people． Thin people，however, suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight．Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight．In four to six months，they ate as much as they could．They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there. This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight．It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight． The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true-each person has a comfortable weight range3.The range might be as much as 9kg．Someone might weigh 60-69 kg without too much effort But going above of below the natural weight range is difficult． The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks． 詞匯： obese adj.肥胖的 metabolic adj.新陳代謝的 psychiatric adj.精神病的 練習(xí)： 1. What determines your weight? A)Your working manner． B)Your eating habit． C)Your life style． D)Your genes． 2.What did Jules Hirsch do in his study? A)He let the eight fat people skip supper． B)He let the eight fat people skip breakfast． C)He let the eight fat people run every mornin8 and evening． D)He gave the eight fat people a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day． 3.What happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital? A)They went mad． B)They killed themselves． C)They were back to normal weight． D)They attempted suicide 4.What did Ethan Sims make his subjects do? A)Battle their genetic inheritance． B)Increase their weight． C)Stay at home． D)Lower their weight． 5. What did scientists think was true? A)Each person has a fixed weight range． B)Each person has a weight range of 9 kg． C)Each person wants to control his weight． D)Each person wants to eat to his heart's content． 參考答案： 1．D． 細(xì)節(jié)題。利用被選項中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)（A：working manner; B: eating habit; C: life style; D: genes）共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句： You hear this：“No Wonder you are fat．An you ever do is eat（選項B中eating的家族詞匯）．”You feel sad：“I skip my breakfast and supper．I run every morning and evening．What else can I do?”Basically you can do nothing． Your genes（基因），not your life habits（習(xí)慣），determine your weight（問題句中的核心結(jié)構(gòu)） and your body constantly （不斷地，經(jīng)常地）tries to maintain（保持，維修， 主張） it. 答案相關(guān)句說：你的基因而不是你的生活習(xí)慣決定了你的體重，因此你的身體總是試圖保持它。因此D是答案。 2. D。 細(xì)節(jié)題。利用問題句中的特征詞(Jules Hirsch)， 被選項中的共有結(jié)構(gòu)（eight fat people）及被選相中的一些細(xì)節(jié)信息詞及特征結(jié)構(gòu)（A: supper; B: breakfast; C: every morning and evening; D: liquid formula, 600 calories ）共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句： How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well，dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous．Jules Hirsch，a research（研究） physician（醫(yī)生）at Rockefeller University, did a study（研究） of eight fat people． They were given （被給）a liquid formula （流食配方）providing 600 calories a day1. After more than（超過） 10 weeks，the subjects(研究對象) lost 45kg on average（平均）．But after leaving the hospital，they all regained．The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving．They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed；some were suicidal．They hid food in their rooms．Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people． 答案相關(guān)句說“八個肥胖者被給予一種流食配方，每天提供600熱卡”，因此D是答案。 3．C． 細(xì)節(jié)題。 利用問題句中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)（eight fat people， hospital）及被選項中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)（C：normal weight; D: suicide）共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句： ?。ǖ?段） How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well，dieting can be effective．but the health costs are tremendous．（第2題答案相關(guān)句）Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people．They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day1.After more than （超過）10 weeks，the subjects（研究對象， 主題，學(xué)科， 受...影響的） lost（失去， 輸（比賽）） 45kg （4.5公斤？？？）on average（平均）.（第4句）But after leaving the hospital，they all regained（恢復(fù)）．The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving．They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed；some were suicidal（是選項D中的細(xì)節(jié)信息詞的家族詞匯）．They hid food in their rooms．Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight（選項C中的細(xì)節(jié)信息詞），but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people． （第4段） Thin people，however, suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight．Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got （說服）prisoners（犯人） to volunteer to （自愿...）gain weight(增肥， 體重增加) ．In four to six months，they ate as much as they could．They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But（但是） months after the study ended（結(jié)束），they were back to（恢復(fù)到） normal（正常的） weight and stayed停留在那里 there. 根據(jù)第3段中答案相關(guān)句的內(nèi)容判斷：這八個肥胖者出院后都恢復(fù)到了正常的體重。 4．B． 細(xì)節(jié)題。 利用問題句中的特征詞（Ethan Sims）及被選項中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)（A：genetic（遺傳的） inheritance； B：Increase （增加）their weight； C：Stay（逗留，保持） at home； D：Lower（降低） their weight）共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句： （第4段）Thin people，however, suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight．Ethan Sims（問題句中的特征詞），of the University of Vermont，got（說服，使, 變成， 獲得） prisoners（犯人） to volunteer to （自愿）gain weight（與選項B中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)呼應(yīng)）．In four to six months，they ate as much as they could（盡可能地...）．They succeeded in （成功地）increasing their weight（與選項B中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)呼應(yīng)） by（了） 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there. ?。ǖ?段）This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight．It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance （選項A中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)）if they want to significantly lower their weight（與選項D中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)呼應(yīng)）． 第4段中的答案相關(guān)句說：讓犯人自愿增加體重。可見B是正確的答案。 5．A． 細(xì)節(jié)題。 利用問題句中的細(xì)節(jié)信息詞（Scientists）和備選項A和備選項B中的共有詞（weight range）共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句： ?。ǖ?段）Thin people，however, suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight．（第4題答案相關(guān)句）Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight．In four to six months，they ate as much as they could．They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there. This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight．It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight． The findings （發(fā)現(xiàn)）also provide（提供） evidence（證據(jù)， 跡象）for something scientists （科學(xué)家）thought was true （正確的， 真實的， 忠誠的） --- each person has a comfortable（舒適的） weight range .The range might be as much as（大約）9kg． Someone might weigh 60-69 kg without too much effort. But going above of below the natural weight range is difficult． The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks． 答案相關(guān)句（最后一段的第一句話）說：結(jié)論還證實了科學(xué)家認(rèn)為是正確的一點，即每個人的體重有大約9公斤的一個固定范圍．因此A是答案。