四閱讀理解
20、下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
第1篇
Study says dogs can smell cancer
Dogs are known for their sense of smell. They can find missing people and things like bombs and illegal drugs. Now a study suggests that the animal known as man’s best friend can even find bladder cancer.
Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors. Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors, even in very small amounts, in urine. The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans.
The study follows reports of cases where, for example, a dog showed great interest in a growth on the leg of its owner. The mole was later found to be skin cancer.
Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Amersham Hospital in England. They trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment. The study involved urine collected from bladder cancer patients, from people with other diseases and from healthy people.
Each dog was tested eight times. In each test there were samples for the dogs to smell. The dog was supposed to signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying down next to it.
Two cocker spaniels were correct fifty-six percent of the time. But the scientists reported an average success rate of forty-one percent.
As a group, the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifty-four times. That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone.
The British Medical Journal published the research. In all, thirty-six bladder cancer patients and one hundred eight other people took part.
During training, all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had tested healthy before the study. Doctors found a growth on the person’s right kidney.
Baldder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide. The International Agency for Research on Cancer says this disease kills more than one hundred thousand people each year. Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer.
1. Where was the experiment conducted?
A. In a private home B. In a training school
C In a hospital D In a police station
2. What was the dogs’ average success rate
A. 56% B. 41% C. 22% D. 54%
3. How many people took part in the experiment?
A. 36 bladder cancer patients. B 144 cancer patients
C 108 healthy people D. 144 sick and healthy people
4. What happened to a person who had tested healthy before the study?
A. He dropped out B. B He died
C He was found to have cancer. D He was found to have one kidney
5. Which is NOT true of bladder cancer?
A. It is the 9th most common cancer worldwide.
B It can be identified only by dogs
C It kills more than 100,000 people each year.
D. It is mainly caused by smoking
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案： C,B,D,C,B
解析：閱讀理解題解題步驟：
1.了解文章主題：借助文章標(biāo)題，借助文章各段落的段首句， 借助文章的用詞(注意文章中是否有反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞匯或結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)樗鼈兺俏恼碌暮诵脑~)了解文章的主題，文章主要涉及的內(nèi)容。
2.如果文章內(nèi)容與考生已有的背景知識(shí)有關(guān)，可借助常識(shí)和背景知識(shí)對(duì)被選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行首次篩選， 然后再利用“問題句新信息詞/結(jié)構(gòu)定位法”解題。即利用題干中的核心詞/特征詞(請(qǐng)參看“閱讀判斷”部分的相關(guān)介紹)作為尋找答案的線索，在文章中快速找到答案相關(guān)句，確認(rèn)答案。
3.如果考生對(duì)文章內(nèi)容不熟悉，沒有這方面的背景知識(shí)，可直接采用“問題句新信息詞/特征詞定位法”。 有時(shí)還可以借助被選項(xiàng)中的核心詞/特征詞作為答案線索在文章中對(duì)應(yīng)的查找與被選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容相關(guān)的語句，確認(rèn)答案。來源： 學(xué)易網(wǎng)職稱英語考試
Study says dogs can smell cancer
1. C。 解析：問題問“在哪里完成的實(shí)驗(yàn)?” 利用問題句中的細(xì)節(jié)信息詞(experiment)作為答案線索， 被選項(xiàng)也都涉及具體細(xì)節(jié)信息，因此也共同利用它們作為答案線索，在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句：
The study follows reports of cases where, for example, a dog showed great interest in a growth on the leg of its owner. The mole was later found to be skin cancer.
(第4段)Carolyn Willis led(領(lǐng)導(dǎo)) a team of (一組)researchers(研究者) at Amersham Hospital in England(英格蘭). They trained(訓(xùn)練) different (不同的)kinds (種類)of dogs for the experiment(實(shí)驗(yàn)). The study involved (包括，涉及到)urine(尿) collected(收集， 聚集) from bladder (膀胱)cancer patients(病人), from people with(患有。。的) other(其他的) diseases(疾病) and from healthy (健康的)people.
答案相關(guān)句出現(xiàn)在第4段：Carolyn Willis領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一組研究工作者在英格蘭的Amersham醫(yī)院工作。 他們?yōu)檫@個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)訓(xùn)練了各種各樣的狗。根據(jù)這兩個(gè)句子可知： Carolyn Willis領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究小組是在Amersham醫(yī)院進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)， 因此答案是C。
2.B. 解析： 問題問“狗的平均成功率是多少?”被選項(xiàng)中全是特征詞—數(shù)字， 因此利用被選項(xiàng)中的這些數(shù)字作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句：
(第6段)Two cocker spaniels (短腿長毛小獵犬)were correct(正確的) fifty-six percent of the time(次， 時(shí)間). But the scientists (科學(xué)家)reported(報(bào)告) an average success rate of forty-one percent.
As a group, the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifty-four times. That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone.
答案相關(guān)句出現(xiàn)在第6段， 該句說“但是科學(xué)家報(bào)告平均成功率是41%” ，雖然該句沒有說是否是狗的平均成功率， 但是該句前句提到“兩只短腿長毛小獵犬每次的正確率是56%”， 根據(jù)相臨語句句意相關(guān)， 判斷答案相關(guān)句中提到的41%也應(yīng)該屬于狗的正確率，因此答案是B。
3. D。解析： 問題問“有多少人參加實(shí)驗(yàn)?”被選項(xiàng)中都出現(xiàn)了特征詞—數(shù)字， 所以利用這些特征詞作為答案線索， 查找與這些被選項(xiàng)分別呼應(yīng)的句子：
(第8段)The British(英國的) Medical (醫(yī)學(xué)的)Journal (雜志)published(出版， 刊登) the research(研究). In all(總之), thirty-six bladder(膀胱) cancer patients and one hundred eight other people took part.
答案相關(guān)句出現(xiàn)在第8段： 該句說“總共有36名膀胱礙患者和108名其他的人參與了?！痹摼涞那耙痪湔f“英國醫(yī)學(xué)雜志刊登了這項(xiàng)研究”， 相臨語句句意相關(guān)， 因此答案相關(guān)句中提到的“參與”， 就是“參與”前句中提到的“研究(實(shí)驗(yàn))”， 因此D是答案。
4. C。 C是答案， 因?yàn)槠渖婕拔恼轮黝}詞(癌癥)。 答案相關(guān)句在第9段。
(第9段)During training, all the dogs reportedly(據(jù)報(bào)道) even identified (識(shí)別， 鑒別)a cancer in a person who had tested healthy before the study. Doctors found a growth(生長， 種植， 發(fā)育) on the person’s right(右側(cè)的， 正確的， 恰當(dāng)?shù)模?健康的) kidney.來源：學(xué)易網(wǎng) 職稱英語考試
5. 答案： B。 違背常識(shí)， 所以肯定錯(cuò)誤， 也肯定與膀胱癌的情況不一致。答案相關(guān)句在文章最后一段：
During training, all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had tested healthy before the study. Doctors found a growth on the person’s right kidney.
Baldder cancer is the ninth most common(常見的) cancer worldwide(在全世界范圍)(與A一致). The International(國際的) Agency(機(jī)構(gòu)) for Research(研究) on Cancer says this disease(疾病) kills (殺死)more than one hundred thousand people each year. (與C一致)Doctors say cigarette smoking(吸煙) is the leading (主要的， 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的)cause(煙癮) of bladder cancer.(與D一致)
21、 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上
20、下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
第1篇
Study says dogs can smell cancer
Dogs are known for their sense of smell. They can find missing people and things like bombs and illegal drugs. Now a study suggests that the animal known as man’s best friend can even find bladder cancer.
Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors. Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors, even in very small amounts, in urine. The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans.
The study follows reports of cases where, for example, a dog showed great interest in a growth on the leg of its owner. The mole was later found to be skin cancer.
Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Amersham Hospital in England. They trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment. The study involved urine collected from bladder cancer patients, from people with other diseases and from healthy people.
Each dog was tested eight times. In each test there were samples for the dogs to smell. The dog was supposed to signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying down next to it.
Two cocker spaniels were correct fifty-six percent of the time. But the scientists reported an average success rate of forty-one percent.
As a group, the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifty-four times. That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone.
The British Medical Journal published the research. In all, thirty-six bladder cancer patients and one hundred eight other people took part.
During training, all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had tested healthy before the study. Doctors found a growth on the person’s right kidney.
Baldder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide. The International Agency for Research on Cancer says this disease kills more than one hundred thousand people each year. Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer.
1. Where was the experiment conducted?
A. In a private home B. In a training school
C In a hospital D In a police station
2. What was the dogs’ average success rate
A. 56% B. 41% C. 22% D. 54%
3. How many people took part in the experiment?
A. 36 bladder cancer patients. B 144 cancer patients
C 108 healthy people D. 144 sick and healthy people
4. What happened to a person who had tested healthy before the study?
A. He dropped out B. B He died
C He was found to have cancer. D He was found to have one kidney
5. Which is NOT true of bladder cancer?
A. It is the 9th most common cancer worldwide.
B It can be identified only by dogs
C It kills more than 100,000 people each year.
D. It is mainly caused by smoking
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案： C,B,D,C,B
解析：閱讀理解題解題步驟：
1.了解文章主題：借助文章標(biāo)題，借助文章各段落的段首句， 借助文章的用詞(注意文章中是否有反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞匯或結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)樗鼈兺俏恼碌暮诵脑~)了解文章的主題，文章主要涉及的內(nèi)容。
2.如果文章內(nèi)容與考生已有的背景知識(shí)有關(guān)，可借助常識(shí)和背景知識(shí)對(duì)被選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行首次篩選， 然后再利用“問題句新信息詞/結(jié)構(gòu)定位法”解題。即利用題干中的核心詞/特征詞(請(qǐng)參看“閱讀判斷”部分的相關(guān)介紹)作為尋找答案的線索，在文章中快速找到答案相關(guān)句，確認(rèn)答案。
3.如果考生對(duì)文章內(nèi)容不熟悉，沒有這方面的背景知識(shí)，可直接采用“問題句新信息詞/特征詞定位法”。 有時(shí)還可以借助被選項(xiàng)中的核心詞/特征詞作為答案線索在文章中對(duì)應(yīng)的查找與被選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容相關(guān)的語句，確認(rèn)答案。來源： 學(xué)易網(wǎng)職稱英語考試
Study says dogs can smell cancer
1. C。 解析：問題問“在哪里完成的實(shí)驗(yàn)?” 利用問題句中的細(xì)節(jié)信息詞(experiment)作為答案線索， 被選項(xiàng)也都涉及具體細(xì)節(jié)信息，因此也共同利用它們作為答案線索，在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句：
The study follows reports of cases where, for example, a dog showed great interest in a growth on the leg of its owner. The mole was later found to be skin cancer.
(第4段)Carolyn Willis led(領(lǐng)導(dǎo)) a team of (一組)researchers(研究者) at Amersham Hospital in England(英格蘭). They trained(訓(xùn)練) different (不同的)kinds (種類)of dogs for the experiment(實(shí)驗(yàn)). The study involved (包括，涉及到)urine(尿) collected(收集， 聚集) from bladder (膀胱)cancer patients(病人), from people with(患有。。的) other(其他的) diseases(疾病) and from healthy (健康的)people.
答案相關(guān)句出現(xiàn)在第4段：Carolyn Willis領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一組研究工作者在英格蘭的Amersham醫(yī)院工作。 他們?yōu)檫@個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)訓(xùn)練了各種各樣的狗。根據(jù)這兩個(gè)句子可知： Carolyn Willis領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究小組是在Amersham醫(yī)院進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)， 因此答案是C。
2.B. 解析： 問題問“狗的平均成功率是多少?”被選項(xiàng)中全是特征詞—數(shù)字， 因此利用被選項(xiàng)中的這些數(shù)字作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句：
(第6段)Two cocker spaniels (短腿長毛小獵犬)were correct(正確的) fifty-six percent of the time(次， 時(shí)間). But the scientists (科學(xué)家)reported(報(bào)告) an average success rate of forty-one percent.
As a group, the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifty-four times. That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone.
答案相關(guān)句出現(xiàn)在第6段， 該句說“但是科學(xué)家報(bào)告平均成功率是41%” ，雖然該句沒有說是否是狗的平均成功率， 但是該句前句提到“兩只短腿長毛小獵犬每次的正確率是56%”， 根據(jù)相臨語句句意相關(guān)， 判斷答案相關(guān)句中提到的41%也應(yīng)該屬于狗的正確率，因此答案是B。
3. D。解析： 問題問“有多少人參加實(shí)驗(yàn)?”被選項(xiàng)中都出現(xiàn)了特征詞—數(shù)字， 所以利用這些特征詞作為答案線索， 查找與這些被選項(xiàng)分別呼應(yīng)的句子：
(第8段)The British(英國的) Medical (醫(yī)學(xué)的)Journal (雜志)published(出版， 刊登) the research(研究). In all(總之), thirty-six bladder(膀胱) cancer patients and one hundred eight other people took part.
答案相關(guān)句出現(xiàn)在第8段： 該句說“總共有36名膀胱礙患者和108名其他的人參與了?！痹摼涞那耙痪湔f“英國醫(yī)學(xué)雜志刊登了這項(xiàng)研究”， 相臨語句句意相關(guān)， 因此答案相關(guān)句中提到的“參與”， 就是“參與”前句中提到的“研究(實(shí)驗(yàn))”， 因此D是答案。
4. C。 C是答案， 因?yàn)槠渖婕拔恼轮黝}詞(癌癥)。 答案相關(guān)句在第9段。
(第9段)During training, all the dogs reportedly(據(jù)報(bào)道) even identified (識(shí)別， 鑒別)a cancer in a person who had tested healthy before the study. Doctors found a growth(生長， 種植， 發(fā)育) on the person’s right(右側(cè)的， 正確的， 恰當(dāng)?shù)模?健康的) kidney.來源：學(xué)易網(wǎng) 職稱英語考試
5. 答案： B。 違背常識(shí)， 所以肯定錯(cuò)誤， 也肯定與膀胱癌的情況不一致。答案相關(guān)句在文章最后一段：
During training, all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had tested healthy before the study. Doctors found a growth on the person’s right kidney.
Baldder cancer is the ninth most common(常見的) cancer worldwide(在全世界范圍)(與A一致). The International(國際的) Agency(機(jī)構(gòu)) for Research(研究) on Cancer says this disease(疾病) kills (殺死)more than one hundred thousand people each year. (與C一致)Doctors say cigarette smoking(吸煙) is the leading (主要的， 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的)cause(煙癮) of bladder cancer.(與D一致)
21、 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上