以下是為大家搜索整理的2011年7月GMAT語法機經(jīng)(至7.20)，供大家參考。
2011年7月GMAT語法機經(jīng)(至7.20)
7月05日
1.【某貝 700 V34】
1）.有一道是。。are putting a safety risk to themselves and other
B a risk to themselve’s safety and others
D themselves and others at risk 我選的這個。。。
【Risk的固定搭配】 朗文網(wǎng)絡(luò)字典
①at risk——in a situation where you may be harmed:
We must stop these rumors; the firm’s reputation is at risk.
②risk to
Polluted water supplies are a risk to public health.
They didn’t pose a significant risk to safety.
2）. 還有平行的not 。。 but。。
【PREP 07-01-74 一道not but平行的題，大家小測一下~】
Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has argued that many biological traits are not the products of natural selection, favored due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are simply random by-products of other evolutionary developments.
(A) due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are
(B) due to the reproduction or survival they enhance, but they are
(C) because they enhance reproduction or survival, but
(D) because they enhance reproduction or survival, but are
(E) because of enhancing reproduction or survival, but are
此題PREP解析
7月06日
1.【出方告】
4）記得有一個是什么he requested 人物甲 be appointed /be appointed to/that is appointed to什么的，be appointed to那個，不好意思了，語法沒怎么看過，所以真的記不住
①Request
以下動詞賓語從句需要用虛擬語氣：都要省略should。
表示建議：advocate/advise/move/recommend that ... do ...
sb. suggest/propose that ... do ...(如果是物作主語就不需要虛擬，動詞是“暗示”的意思)
表示命令：order/decree/mandate/command/demand/direct that ... do ...
表示要求：request/require/insist that ... do ...
7月07日
1.【喬冠楠 720 M51V35】
5）.想起一道語法，糾結(jié)很久的，劃線部分，一個句子，一個句子，選項有as much as, inasmuch as(inasmuch 是啥，真的中間沒有空格，頓時石化，大家考證下吧）為什么有兩個逗號的句子啊，前一個要選連詞但是我也不知道選哪個……
【白勇語法第二章 as用法】:
inasmuch as:既然，由于，因為；
【小藍正確句子】
Legend has it that when the Mohawk Joseph Brant was presented to George III in 1776, he proudly refused to kiss the King’s hand, inasmuch as he considered himself an ally, not a subject.
【OG12-59的解釋】： “In that” is a conjunction that means “inasmuch as”
類似的一個insofar as：在…..的范圍內(nèi)
【V2】
我考試碰到那道題了 原題大概是考such... that句型 inasmuch as那個我記得是錯的
選項是：
A such...that
B such...that
C such...inasmuch as
D such...so that
E such... so that
所以直接AB里面選了
7月10日
1.【yanjunyi 700 M47V40】
長句和短句都有，具體的題目真的是不怎么記得了。說一說考點。類比的：
6）.In Contrast of xxx...，某某某云云... (選項里有用unlike代替之類的)
Contrast知識點【來源：PREP解釋+OG】
i. In contrast with x, y; In contrast to x, y可接抽象名詞和具體名詞，前后比較對象一定要對等
In contrast to ongoing trade imbalances with China and Japan, the United States trade deficit with Mexico declined by $500 million as a result of record exports to that country.
ii. Unlike/like可接抽象名詞和具體名詞，前后連接的結(jié)構(gòu)要對稱平行
Unlike the shuttle and earlier spacecraft, which were capable of carrying sufficient power in fuel cells and batteries for their short flights, a permanently orbiting space station will have to generate its own electricity.
iii. In contrast of: PREP,OG里都沒有出現(xiàn)過這個詞組，另OG里指出As contrasted with是錯的
2.【yink218】
10）.連考了兩題 including的
涉及including的GWD題目，可以當做練習
①GWD-3-Q3:
A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.
A. which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing
B. which includes establishing limits to the size of sharks that can be caught, closing
C. which include the establishment of size limits for shark catches, the closing of
D. including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing
E. including the establishing of limits to the size of sharks that are caught, the closing of
A、B、C which修飾不清, Which不能指代前面整個句子，修飾population錯誤。與requiring不平行;E，沒有形成與requiring的平行
D is the best，平行：establishing ...., closing , and requiring
7月11日
1.【starmirror】
11）有一道是說 After she died....., XXXX had created the .....啦之類的，后半段劃線，有個比較混淆。 時態(tài)問題。 開頭要用人名毋庸置疑，但是兩個差別在于一個過完時態(tài)，一個是過去時態(tài)。
①GMAT中使用過去時態(tài)的標志【白勇語法】
after the civil war, in1933, two years/days/weeks ago, last year, from 1985 to 1989
originally
②完成時：since; within/during/over/in+the past/last/recent+時間短語(注意during/in/over the last year可以用現(xiàn)在時也可以用完成時，取決于當時發(fā)生的事情是否延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在是否還有影響，而last year用過去時)
12）考主謂一致比較多。然后就是 with 獨立主格 與 -ing 伴隨的選擇。 重點就這幾個
【PREP獨立主格，分詞短語伴隨知識點】
①獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做伴隨狀語：
獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)放在句首或句尾,起狀語作用,表伴隨原因﹑條件﹑狀態(tài)等
With 型獨立主格,與主句形成緊密的邏輯聯(lián)系,形式為:
由“with ＋賓語＋賓補”構(gòu)成的復合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中可作狀語，表示伴隨。這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語補足語可由現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語等來充當
【練習題GWD-24-38】
In January 1994 an oil barge ran aground off the coast of San Juan, Puerto Rico, leaking its cargo of 750,000 gallons into the ocean, while causing the pollution of the city’s beaches.
A. leaking its cargo of 750,000 gallons into the ocean, while causing the pollution of
B. with its cargo of 750,000 gallons leaking into the ocean, and it polluted
C. and its cargo of 750,000 gallons leaked into the ocean, polluting
D. while it leaked its cargo of 750,000 gallons into the ocean and caused the pollution of
E. so that its cargo of 750,000 gallons leaked into the ocean, and they were polluting
解析
A. leaking作為ran aground off的結(jié)果狀語不如并列合理（ran aground了不一定leaking）；while causing中暗指被省略的causing的主語是barge，邏輯錯誤，而且用while來連接causing和前面分句的關(guān)系不合理(不管是引導時狀、還是轉(zhuǎn)折、還是讓步、還是條件)；causing the pollution不如直接polluting做結(jié)果狀語表達有效；
B. and后面的it指代barge錯誤，barge不能造成污染，而是撞擊并泄露的事才造成污染，所以and兩邊的邏輯并列關(guān)系不成立。
C. Correct。
D. it leaked its cargo of 750,000 gallons表達累贅；caused的動作發(fā)者是barge邏輯上不合理，應該是泄漏這件事情導致；用while來表達前后分句的邏輯關(guān)系錯誤；caused the pollution of不簡潔。
E. they只能指代前面的復數(shù)gallons，但gallons只是一個單位，無法導致污染，邏輯含義錯誤(亦可解釋為they無所指)；且so that前不應有逗號，而且its cargo of 750,000 gallons leaked into the ocean并不是an oil barge ran aground off the coast of San Juan的必然結(jié)果，所以邏輯上用so that連接不合適。
7月12日
1.【dyt0416】
15）語法考了一個超新星爆炸…… 考點不記得了，因為當時就記著 閱讀的狗里面有這個主題了……
16）考了 主謂一致和平行結(jié)構(gòu)比較多吧。然后 which 和 ranging的……
【which與ranging題練習~】
GWD-1-Q2
By merging its two publishing divisions, the company will increase their share of the country’s $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging from obscure textbooks to mass-market paperbacks.
A. their share of the country’s $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging
B. from 6 percent to 10 percent its share of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges
C. to 10 percent from 6 percent in their share of the $21 billion book market in the country, a market ranging
D. in its share, from 6 percent to 10 percent, of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges (E)
E. to 10 percent from 6 percent its share of the country’s $21 billion book market, which ranges
7月13日
1.【chebing】
18）我覺得語法不難，跟prep語法筆記2008的很接近 考了很多平行 主謂一致 記得有一題是：somebody wants to know that (bla bla ba) and do ......that 的，記得后面那個that不能省哦
19）還有一題考了prep的原題The Acoma and Hopi are probably the two oldest surviving Pueblo communities, both dating back at least a thousand years.
A. both dating
B. both of which have dated
C. and each has dated
D. and each one dating
E. each one of which date
記得選的是A
【原題 PREP08-232】
The Acoma and Hopi are probably the two oldest surviving Pueblo communities, both dating back at least a thousand years.
A. both dating
B. both of which have dated
C. and each has dated
D. and each one dating (A)
E. each one of which date
題目釋義：A&P are the two oldest communities, both dating back at least 1000 years.
考點：
句子結(jié)構(gòu)（grammatical construction） 習慣用語（idiom）
1. each 型獨立主格,強調(diào)句尾名詞,形式為:
句子 + 復數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾, each +介詞短語/形容詞短語/-ed形式/-ing形式
獨立主格獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（Independent Genitive）有兩部分組成，前一部份是名詞或者代詞，后一部分是非謂語動詞(不定式、動名詞和分詞)或形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語。前后兩部分具有邏輯主謂關(guān)系。在句子中作狀語，表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨、目的、補充說明等。
4.【臭子路】
21）我遇到的題目能用所謂XDF等的技巧做題的概率很小，當然有可能我沒有慧根，技巧沒掌握。題目還是考到修飾，理解整句意思結(jié)構(gòu)的比較多。
只記得有2個題目劃線出現(xiàn)了和SEARCH 搭配有關(guān)。有SEARCH FOR /OF。。?？赡芷渲羞€有別的知識點，我沒看懂。
Search 搭配 Search for/in the search for/in the search of
1.Search 作動詞:search for【search for sth./search sth. for sth./search sb. for sth.】
Ø I’ve searched high and low for my glasses
Ø He was searched by the guards for weapons
Ø Scientists are still searching for a cure.
2.search作名詞，search for/search of
Ø Bad weather is hampering the search for survivors.
Ø the search for a cure
Search of
Ø a search of the area。
Ø A computerized search of 10,000 medical journals
Ø Mark went in search of water.
PRPE中沒有出現(xiàn)考Search搭配的題目，語法書上解釋三個搭配在詞義上是沒有區(qū)別的，只是search for可以當作謂語動詞使用。
【PREP07-1-32】
Initiated on Columbus Day 1992, five centuries after Europeans arrived in the New World, Project SETI pledged a $100 million investment in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
6.【myfield Q51,V26,640】
24)第一道改錯，考什么offer a position in faculty還有g(shù)raduation什么的，不記得了，但是大概考點應該在graduate和faculty上
第二道改錯，好像是動物飛得比飛機快怎么著得，more.....不記得具體的了，應該是考比較級，than的選項貌似是后兩項，忘記選了哪個
7.【ClaireDawson】
25) 有個"b" XXs 變成“p”when they accured at the end position of the word, XX as being an exceptional...（意思大概是某種方言的發(fā)音如何如何吧，最后說xx是例外）糾結(jié)了兩個選項，其他可以用being 排除，前不能有動詞和and
一個是有when they occurred…., 后面沒有as
一個是直接跟at the words-end position, 后面跟原文一樣有as
不知道as being 是什么。。。（我選的第二個吧，不確定）
being在GMAT中常常是冗余的，冗余的情況基本是三種：多余、冒充as、冒充to be。而極少出現(xiàn)的正確being的情況基本集中在兩種：被動動名詞eg. prep+being+done，進行時的被動語態(tài)eg. is being done。
being的常見錯誤使用: 以下幾種表達中being屬于多余
a) being + n. b) being + adj. c) as being + n./adj./v-ing
8.【許楚iris】
語法很悲劇，我看了prep筆記好多遍，可是我發(fā)現(xiàn)題好像變了，并不是像prep筆記里的題那樣，一個語法點可以排除好幾個選項，5個選項都不太一樣，然后考點也不是很清楚，反正我是沒有碰到很明顯的考什么平行結(jié)構(gòu)的。
碰到了一個not only but also的，但是感覺都不太對稱，最后也不知道到底哪個對，不像prep筆記里正確的選項那么明顯
9.【feifan1984】
27）有not only, but also的，其中E是not only, but，樓主沒選。有主謂一致的，有一個題考時態(tài)，過去時和過去完成時，說一個人早在1700之前就怎么樣，樓主覺得沒有had的標志詞，選了那個過去時的.
Not only, but also中also可以省略，兩者出現(xiàn)要相連（倒裝時but also之間可以重復主語，見寂靜34及補充說明）
7月14日
1.【睡西施】
記得好想考了WITH 的結(jié)構(gòu)，平行并列，還有諸位一紙（感覺做了3道是諸位一紙的題）
2.【Jessica1989 (Q51)】
28）后面有考到了including和which includes的區(qū)別，這里的主語是人名，所以LZ 迷離了。。。
【PREP中關(guān)于including vs. which includes的題】
08-187
United States Senator Daniel Inouye was appointed to several posts within the Democratic Party during his first term, that included assistant majority whip and vice-chair of the Democratic Senatorial Committee.
A. that included
B. which includes
C. including
D. some of which were
E. among them being
考點：
定語從句；普通的非限定性定語從句要用which引導(個別非限定性定語從句依然用that引導，但不在GMAT考核范圍之內(nèi))，而限定性定語從句要用that引導。(關(guān)于限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句區(qū)別見07prep語法筆記)
這里including并不是做伴隨使用，Include和continue都很少有V-ing用法，這里的including是介詞。
選項分析：
A．引導普通的非限定定語從句用which；改為which后，which與所指的posts相隔太遠，也不太好。
B．根據(jù)句意，定語從句應該修飾several posts，故為復數(shù)，使用includes錯誤,并且時態(tài)上講應該使用一般過去時；which與所指的posts相隔太遠，不好。
C．Correct；including比which included更為簡潔、明確，including介詞短語修飾前面短語的核心詞posts。
D． some of which與所指的posts相隔太遠。
E． Being累贅；among them being修飾對象不明確(awkward)，并且無法引導獨立主格。
選項分析：
A. which離其邏輯上所指的remedies太遠，且如果指代remedies不該用單數(shù)includes；the establishment of不如動詞establishing簡潔，而且與后面的closing不平行。
B. which和includes錯誤同A；limits to the size of sharks that can be caught不夠簡潔，直接用size limits和shark catches就行
C. which錯誤同A；the establishment of和the closing of名詞短語不簡潔且和requiring不平行
D. correct；including修飾remedies，including是介詞，其跳躍能力比which強
E. limits to the size of sharks that can be caught不夠簡潔，直接用size limits和shark catches就行；the establishment of和the closing of名詞短語不簡潔且和requiring不平行
7月15日
1.【kathyyoung (Q49,V30)】
有一題JJ里面有的 ..... putting XX and XX at risk 的那個。
寂靜1
31）有一題是記得哪里做過的， 就是什么 in her speech, XXX(一個人名) planned to argue vigorously what what what 的那個，這個是某一個選項，但是好像我不是選的這個。具體的忘記了，有心人可以去考古一下，可能是出現(xiàn)在GWD里的。
暫時在GWD，PREP里沒有找到
考了一個including
好像還有一個破折號
32）還考了一個compel with
Compel及物，一般用法compel sb. to do
2.【lycan620 (Q51,V41) 760】
34）考到了那個not only, but also的，建議同志們看看PREP08，里面有些not only,but also倒裝的時候在but 和also之間是可以重復主語的，考到這個了哦，至少我選的這個吧）。。。
倒裝時but also之間可以重復主語
【PREP-08-1-197練習】
Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also caused erosion and very quickly deforested whole regions.
A. Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also
B. Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast), which gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but also
C. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States, creating farmland (especially in the Northeast) and giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but also
D. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States created farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also (D)
E. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States not only created farmland (especially in the Northeast), giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it
2011年7月gmat語法機經(jīng)(至7.20)來源：天道 【天天考試大，天天進步大！】 2011年7月20日 考點：
1. 平行，關(guān)于not only…but also，參見本題后補充說明所摘錄的Zeldaw里程碑式的帖子:
2. 邏輯為王：
如果你一眼看出這個句子考not only，but also于是開始找答案，恭喜你，又上當了。
做題的時候要弄清楚句子的意思是遞進還是轉(zhuǎn)折,如果是遞進not only...but also 沒問題,如果是轉(zhuǎn)折的話,就要考慮一下是否是GMAC的陷阱了, but/but also才是表示轉(zhuǎn)折的意思.
3.【蘇小澈 (Q49,V32,680)】
考到的平行對稱比較多，還有主謂一致。還有就是對比題，大家一定要注意對比的對象，是名詞，主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，還是句子的比較。。。
4.【lesezeichen 740，M50，V40】
36)我定位在選項A和C上，A 是說nothing is 。。。。more than 。。。。；C是說nothing more than。。。。is。。。，我選的C
5.【有竹無心 700+ M51V34】
37)........., experiences affect human being’s preferences and value, 后面忘記了。
A: on a whole B: as much as C: as such D: inasmuch as E: on the whole
【考古】 As much as, ------------------
選項有 A. as much as
B. as a whole
C. In as much as
D. As such
E. On a whole
寂靜5：
【白勇語法第二章 as用法】:
inasmuch as:既然，由于，因為；連詞
【小藍正確句子】
Legend has it that when the Mohawk Joseph Brant was presented to George III in 1776, he proudly refused to kiss the King’s hand, inasmuch as he considered himself an ally, not a subject.
【OG12-59的解釋】： “In that” is a conjunction that means “inasmuch as”
類似的一個insofar as：在…..的范圍內(nèi)
7月16日
1.【brendawan】
39）就記得有個risk的考法，考察固定搭配的吧。
【朗文RISK用法總結(jié)】
Risk作動詞
risk something to do/doing something
Ø He’s prepared to risk everything to avoid this war.
Ø He risked his life helping others to escape.
risk doing something
Ø They may even risk losing their homes.
risk something on something
Ø You’d be crazy to risk your money on an investment like that!
Risk作名詞
risk of “…的風險”
Ø Healthy eating can help reduce the risk of heart disease.
Ø There is a risk that the crisis may spread further.
risk to “對…的危害”
Ø There is no risk to public health.
Pose a risk for/to sb.
Ø The birds could pose a serious health risk for people who eat them.
Ø things that pose a real risk to the future of mankind
take a risk in doing something
Ø Isn’t he taking a bit of a risk in coming here?
take the risk of doing something
Ø I couldn’t take the risk of leaving him alone even for a short time.
risk to
Ø Polluted water supplies are a risk to public health.
at risk
Ø We must stop these rumours; the firm’s reputation is at risk.
at risk from
Ø Women are more at risk from the harmful effects of alcohol than men.
at risk of
Ø Their children are also at high risk of developing the disease.
Ø That would mean putting other children at risk.(寂靜1 put sb. at risk)
run the risk of doing something
Ø Anyone travelling without a passport runs the risk of being arrested.
at the risk of doing something
Ø Will they go ahead with their plans, even at the risk of offending the Americans?
4.【lovertqy (Q50,V34)】
語法題目真的很多，感覺我開頭和結(jié)尾都是語法題
感覺有一個not only for ,,,,,,but also for..的對稱
還有考到了平行，記得要搞清楚主語謂語是主動還是被動來判斷怎么平行
還有就是獨立主格，我覺得吧，看懂意思，其實考語法點的不多，而且很簡單，關(guān)鍵意思比較惡心
42）還有一個就是畢業(yè)用了什么among graduation, in graduation upon graduation<各種介詞搭配
【朗文】Graduation [uncountable]
On graduation (=after completing a first degree), Nancy became an art teacher.
Upon graduation同樣含義，畢業(yè)后
7月18日
1.【lucky716 (700+)】
語法： 考了很多平行和主謂一致，還考了including，反正看到including和which includes我一般都選including。還考了個unlike的平行，特別容易判斷。大體語法和prep很像，個人覺得比prep簡單一些。語法都蠻簡單的。
2.【cherrypeng2010 (700+)】
Not only does Earth have a lot of surface water, v+ed（某個動詞過去分詞）in it. 沒有含but also的選項，有and和but兩種開頭的選項
Not only but also的知識點見寂靜34，but also中的also可以省略
44)Although her works 并不是那么有名, 對于Hispanic文學某個方面的影響還是很大的.有兩個是以與her對應人的人名開頭的選項，我是在這兩個選項之間排除的
45） Scientists do sth
選項有enable them to, enable that they
【朗文】enable用法
enable somebody/something to do something
The loan enabled Jan to buy the house.
There are plans to enlarge the runway to enable jumbo jets to land.
—enabler noun [countable]
2011年7月GMAT語法機經(jīng)(至7.20)
7月05日
1.【某貝 700 V34】
1）.有一道是。。are putting a safety risk to themselves and other
B a risk to themselve’s safety and others
D themselves and others at risk 我選的這個。。。
【Risk的固定搭配】 朗文網(wǎng)絡(luò)字典
①at risk——in a situation where you may be harmed:
We must stop these rumors; the firm’s reputation is at risk.
②risk to
Polluted water supplies are a risk to public health.
They didn’t pose a significant risk to safety.
2）. 還有平行的not 。。 but。。
【PREP 07-01-74 一道not but平行的題，大家小測一下~】
Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has argued that many biological traits are not the products of natural selection, favored due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are simply random by-products of other evolutionary developments.
(A) due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are
(B) due to the reproduction or survival they enhance, but they are
(C) because they enhance reproduction or survival, but
(D) because they enhance reproduction or survival, but are
(E) because of enhancing reproduction or survival, but are
此題PREP解析
7月06日
1.【出方告】
4）記得有一個是什么he requested 人物甲 be appointed /be appointed to/that is appointed to什么的，be appointed to那個，不好意思了，語法沒怎么看過，所以真的記不住
①Request
以下動詞賓語從句需要用虛擬語氣：都要省略should。
表示建議：advocate/advise/move/recommend that ... do ...
sb. suggest/propose that ... do ...(如果是物作主語就不需要虛擬，動詞是“暗示”的意思)
表示命令：order/decree/mandate/command/demand/direct that ... do ...
表示要求：request/require/insist that ... do ...
7月07日
1.【喬冠楠 720 M51V35】
5）.想起一道語法，糾結(jié)很久的，劃線部分，一個句子，一個句子，選項有as much as, inasmuch as(inasmuch 是啥，真的中間沒有空格，頓時石化，大家考證下吧）為什么有兩個逗號的句子啊，前一個要選連詞但是我也不知道選哪個……
【白勇語法第二章 as用法】:
inasmuch as:既然，由于，因為；
【小藍正確句子】
Legend has it that when the Mohawk Joseph Brant was presented to George III in 1776, he proudly refused to kiss the King’s hand, inasmuch as he considered himself an ally, not a subject.
【OG12-59的解釋】： “In that” is a conjunction that means “inasmuch as”
類似的一個insofar as：在…..的范圍內(nèi)
【V2】
我考試碰到那道題了 原題大概是考such... that句型 inasmuch as那個我記得是錯的
選項是：
A such...that
B such...that
C such...inasmuch as
D such...so that
E such... so that
所以直接AB里面選了
7月10日
1.【yanjunyi 700 M47V40】
長句和短句都有，具體的題目真的是不怎么記得了。說一說考點。類比的：
6）.In Contrast of xxx...，某某某云云... (選項里有用unlike代替之類的)
Contrast知識點【來源：PREP解釋+OG】
i. In contrast with x, y; In contrast to x, y可接抽象名詞和具體名詞，前后比較對象一定要對等
In contrast to ongoing trade imbalances with China and Japan, the United States trade deficit with Mexico declined by $500 million as a result of record exports to that country.
ii. Unlike/like可接抽象名詞和具體名詞，前后連接的結(jié)構(gòu)要對稱平行
Unlike the shuttle and earlier spacecraft, which were capable of carrying sufficient power in fuel cells and batteries for their short flights, a permanently orbiting space station will have to generate its own electricity.
iii. In contrast of: PREP,OG里都沒有出現(xiàn)過這個詞組，另OG里指出As contrasted with是錯的
2.【yink218】
10）.連考了兩題 including的
涉及including的GWD題目，可以當做練習
①GWD-3-Q3:
A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.
A. which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing
B. which includes establishing limits to the size of sharks that can be caught, closing
C. which include the establishment of size limits for shark catches, the closing of
D. including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing
E. including the establishing of limits to the size of sharks that are caught, the closing of
A、B、C which修飾不清, Which不能指代前面整個句子，修飾population錯誤。與requiring不平行;E，沒有形成與requiring的平行
D is the best，平行：establishing ...., closing , and requiring
7月11日
1.【starmirror】
11）有一道是說 After she died....., XXXX had created the .....啦之類的，后半段劃線，有個比較混淆。 時態(tài)問題。 開頭要用人名毋庸置疑，但是兩個差別在于一個過完時態(tài)，一個是過去時態(tài)。
①GMAT中使用過去時態(tài)的標志【白勇語法】
after the civil war, in1933, two years/days/weeks ago, last year, from 1985 to 1989
originally
②完成時：since; within/during/over/in+the past/last/recent+時間短語(注意during/in/over the last year可以用現(xiàn)在時也可以用完成時，取決于當時發(fā)生的事情是否延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在是否還有影響，而last year用過去時)
12）考主謂一致比較多。然后就是 with 獨立主格 與 -ing 伴隨的選擇。 重點就這幾個
【PREP獨立主格，分詞短語伴隨知識點】
①獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做伴隨狀語：
獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)放在句首或句尾,起狀語作用,表伴隨原因﹑條件﹑狀態(tài)等
With 型獨立主格,與主句形成緊密的邏輯聯(lián)系,形式為:
由“with ＋賓語＋賓補”構(gòu)成的復合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中可作狀語，表示伴隨。這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語補足語可由現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語等來充當
【練習題GWD-24-38】
In January 1994 an oil barge ran aground off the coast of San Juan, Puerto Rico, leaking its cargo of 750,000 gallons into the ocean, while causing the pollution of the city’s beaches.
A. leaking its cargo of 750,000 gallons into the ocean, while causing the pollution of
B. with its cargo of 750,000 gallons leaking into the ocean, and it polluted
C. and its cargo of 750,000 gallons leaked into the ocean, polluting
D. while it leaked its cargo of 750,000 gallons into the ocean and caused the pollution of
E. so that its cargo of 750,000 gallons leaked into the ocean, and they were polluting
解析
A. leaking作為ran aground off的結(jié)果狀語不如并列合理（ran aground了不一定leaking）；while causing中暗指被省略的causing的主語是barge，邏輯錯誤，而且用while來連接causing和前面分句的關(guān)系不合理(不管是引導時狀、還是轉(zhuǎn)折、還是讓步、還是條件)；causing the pollution不如直接polluting做結(jié)果狀語表達有效；
B. and后面的it指代barge錯誤，barge不能造成污染，而是撞擊并泄露的事才造成污染，所以and兩邊的邏輯并列關(guān)系不成立。
C. Correct。
D. it leaked its cargo of 750,000 gallons表達累贅；caused的動作發(fā)者是barge邏輯上不合理，應該是泄漏這件事情導致；用while來表達前后分句的邏輯關(guān)系錯誤；caused the pollution of不簡潔。
E. they只能指代前面的復數(shù)gallons，但gallons只是一個單位，無法導致污染，邏輯含義錯誤(亦可解釋為they無所指)；且so that前不應有逗號，而且its cargo of 750,000 gallons leaked into the ocean并不是an oil barge ran aground off the coast of San Juan的必然結(jié)果，所以邏輯上用so that連接不合適。
7月12日
1.【dyt0416】
15）語法考了一個超新星爆炸…… 考點不記得了，因為當時就記著 閱讀的狗里面有這個主題了……
16）考了 主謂一致和平行結(jié)構(gòu)比較多吧。然后 which 和 ranging的……
【which與ranging題練習~】
GWD-1-Q2
By merging its two publishing divisions, the company will increase their share of the country’s $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging from obscure textbooks to mass-market paperbacks.
A. their share of the country’s $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging
B. from 6 percent to 10 percent its share of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges
C. to 10 percent from 6 percent in their share of the $21 billion book market in the country, a market ranging
D. in its share, from 6 percent to 10 percent, of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges (E)
E. to 10 percent from 6 percent its share of the country’s $21 billion book market, which ranges
7月13日
1.【chebing】
18）我覺得語法不難，跟prep語法筆記2008的很接近 考了很多平行 主謂一致 記得有一題是：somebody wants to know that (bla bla ba) and do ......that 的，記得后面那個that不能省哦
19）還有一題考了prep的原題The Acoma and Hopi are probably the two oldest surviving Pueblo communities, both dating back at least a thousand years.
A. both dating
B. both of which have dated
C. and each has dated
D. and each one dating
E. each one of which date
記得選的是A
【原題 PREP08-232】
The Acoma and Hopi are probably the two oldest surviving Pueblo communities, both dating back at least a thousand years.
A. both dating
B. both of which have dated
C. and each has dated
D. and each one dating (A)
E. each one of which date
題目釋義：A&P are the two oldest communities, both dating back at least 1000 years.
考點：
句子結(jié)構(gòu)（grammatical construction） 習慣用語（idiom）
1. each 型獨立主格,強調(diào)句尾名詞,形式為:
句子 + 復數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾, each +介詞短語/形容詞短語/-ed形式/-ing形式
獨立主格獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（Independent Genitive）有兩部分組成，前一部份是名詞或者代詞，后一部分是非謂語動詞(不定式、動名詞和分詞)或形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語。前后兩部分具有邏輯主謂關(guān)系。在句子中作狀語，表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨、目的、補充說明等。
4.【臭子路】
21）我遇到的題目能用所謂XDF等的技巧做題的概率很小，當然有可能我沒有慧根，技巧沒掌握。題目還是考到修飾，理解整句意思結(jié)構(gòu)的比較多。
只記得有2個題目劃線出現(xiàn)了和SEARCH 搭配有關(guān)。有SEARCH FOR /OF。。?？赡芷渲羞€有別的知識點，我沒看懂。
Search 搭配 Search for/in the search for/in the search of
1.Search 作動詞:search for【search for sth./search sth. for sth./search sb. for sth.】
Ø I’ve searched high and low for my glasses
Ø He was searched by the guards for weapons
Ø Scientists are still searching for a cure.
2.search作名詞，search for/search of
Ø Bad weather is hampering the search for survivors.
Ø the search for a cure
Search of
Ø a search of the area。
Ø A computerized search of 10,000 medical journals
Ø Mark went in search of water.
PRPE中沒有出現(xiàn)考Search搭配的題目，語法書上解釋三個搭配在詞義上是沒有區(qū)別的，只是search for可以當作謂語動詞使用。
【PREP07-1-32】
Initiated on Columbus Day 1992, five centuries after Europeans arrived in the New World, Project SETI pledged a $100 million investment in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
6.【myfield Q51,V26,640】
24)第一道改錯，考什么offer a position in faculty還有g(shù)raduation什么的，不記得了，但是大概考點應該在graduate和faculty上
第二道改錯，好像是動物飛得比飛機快怎么著得，more.....不記得具體的了，應該是考比較級，than的選項貌似是后兩項，忘記選了哪個
7.【ClaireDawson】
25) 有個"b" XXs 變成“p”when they accured at the end position of the word, XX as being an exceptional...（意思大概是某種方言的發(fā)音如何如何吧，最后說xx是例外）糾結(jié)了兩個選項，其他可以用being 排除，前不能有動詞和and
一個是有when they occurred…., 后面沒有as
一個是直接跟at the words-end position, 后面跟原文一樣有as
不知道as being 是什么。。。（我選的第二個吧，不確定）
being在GMAT中常常是冗余的，冗余的情況基本是三種：多余、冒充as、冒充to be。而極少出現(xiàn)的正確being的情況基本集中在兩種：被動動名詞eg. prep+being+done，進行時的被動語態(tài)eg. is being done。
being的常見錯誤使用: 以下幾種表達中being屬于多余
a) being + n. b) being + adj. c) as being + n./adj./v-ing
8.【許楚iris】
語法很悲劇，我看了prep筆記好多遍，可是我發(fā)現(xiàn)題好像變了，并不是像prep筆記里的題那樣，一個語法點可以排除好幾個選項，5個選項都不太一樣，然后考點也不是很清楚，反正我是沒有碰到很明顯的考什么平行結(jié)構(gòu)的。
碰到了一個not only but also的，但是感覺都不太對稱，最后也不知道到底哪個對，不像prep筆記里正確的選項那么明顯
9.【feifan1984】
27）有not only, but also的，其中E是not only, but，樓主沒選。有主謂一致的，有一個題考時態(tài)，過去時和過去完成時，說一個人早在1700之前就怎么樣，樓主覺得沒有had的標志詞，選了那個過去時的.
Not only, but also中also可以省略，兩者出現(xiàn)要相連（倒裝時but also之間可以重復主語，見寂靜34及補充說明）
7月14日
1.【睡西施】
記得好想考了WITH 的結(jié)構(gòu)，平行并列，還有諸位一紙（感覺做了3道是諸位一紙的題）
2.【Jessica1989 (Q51)】
28）后面有考到了including和which includes的區(qū)別，這里的主語是人名，所以LZ 迷離了。。。
【PREP中關(guān)于including vs. which includes的題】
08-187
United States Senator Daniel Inouye was appointed to several posts within the Democratic Party during his first term, that included assistant majority whip and vice-chair of the Democratic Senatorial Committee.
A. that included
B. which includes
C. including
D. some of which were
E. among them being
考點：
定語從句；普通的非限定性定語從句要用which引導(個別非限定性定語從句依然用that引導，但不在GMAT考核范圍之內(nèi))，而限定性定語從句要用that引導。(關(guān)于限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句區(qū)別見07prep語法筆記)
這里including并不是做伴隨使用，Include和continue都很少有V-ing用法，這里的including是介詞。
選項分析：
A．引導普通的非限定定語從句用which；改為which后，which與所指的posts相隔太遠，也不太好。
B．根據(jù)句意，定語從句應該修飾several posts，故為復數(shù)，使用includes錯誤,并且時態(tài)上講應該使用一般過去時；which與所指的posts相隔太遠，不好。
C．Correct；including比which included更為簡潔、明確，including介詞短語修飾前面短語的核心詞posts。
D． some of which與所指的posts相隔太遠。
E． Being累贅；among them being修飾對象不明確(awkward)，并且無法引導獨立主格。
選項分析：
A. which離其邏輯上所指的remedies太遠，且如果指代remedies不該用單數(shù)includes；the establishment of不如動詞establishing簡潔，而且與后面的closing不平行。
B. which和includes錯誤同A；limits to the size of sharks that can be caught不夠簡潔，直接用size limits和shark catches就行
C. which錯誤同A；the establishment of和the closing of名詞短語不簡潔且和requiring不平行
D. correct；including修飾remedies，including是介詞，其跳躍能力比which強
E. limits to the size of sharks that can be caught不夠簡潔，直接用size limits和shark catches就行；the establishment of和the closing of名詞短語不簡潔且和requiring不平行
7月15日
1.【kathyyoung (Q49,V30)】
有一題JJ里面有的 ..... putting XX and XX at risk 的那個。
寂靜1
31）有一題是記得哪里做過的， 就是什么 in her speech, XXX(一個人名) planned to argue vigorously what what what 的那個，這個是某一個選項，但是好像我不是選的這個。具體的忘記了，有心人可以去考古一下，可能是出現(xiàn)在GWD里的。
暫時在GWD，PREP里沒有找到
考了一個including
好像還有一個破折號
32）還考了一個compel with
Compel及物，一般用法compel sb. to do
2.【lycan620 (Q51,V41) 760】
34）考到了那個not only, but also的，建議同志們看看PREP08，里面有些not only,but also倒裝的時候在but 和also之間是可以重復主語的，考到這個了哦，至少我選的這個吧）。。。
倒裝時but also之間可以重復主語
【PREP-08-1-197練習】
Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also caused erosion and very quickly deforested whole regions.
A. Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also
B. Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast), which gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but also
C. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States, creating farmland (especially in the Northeast) and giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but also
D. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States created farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also (D)
E. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States not only created farmland (especially in the Northeast), giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it
2011年7月gmat語法機經(jīng)(至7.20)來源：天道 【天天考試大，天天進步大！】 2011年7月20日 考點：
1. 平行，關(guān)于not only…but also，參見本題后補充說明所摘錄的Zeldaw里程碑式的帖子:
2. 邏輯為王：
如果你一眼看出這個句子考not only，but also于是開始找答案，恭喜你，又上當了。
做題的時候要弄清楚句子的意思是遞進還是轉(zhuǎn)折,如果是遞進not only...but also 沒問題,如果是轉(zhuǎn)折的話,就要考慮一下是否是GMAC的陷阱了, but/but also才是表示轉(zhuǎn)折的意思.
3.【蘇小澈 (Q49,V32,680)】
考到的平行對稱比較多，還有主謂一致。還有就是對比題，大家一定要注意對比的對象，是名詞，主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，還是句子的比較。。。
4.【lesezeichen 740，M50，V40】
36)我定位在選項A和C上，A 是說nothing is 。。。。more than 。。。。；C是說nothing more than。。。。is。。。，我選的C
5.【有竹無心 700+ M51V34】
37)........., experiences affect human being’s preferences and value, 后面忘記了。
A: on a whole B: as much as C: as such D: inasmuch as E: on the whole
【考古】 As much as, ------------------
選項有 A. as much as
B. as a whole
C. In as much as
D. As such
E. On a whole
寂靜5：
【白勇語法第二章 as用法】:
inasmuch as:既然，由于，因為；連詞
【小藍正確句子】
Legend has it that when the Mohawk Joseph Brant was presented to George III in 1776, he proudly refused to kiss the King’s hand, inasmuch as he considered himself an ally, not a subject.
【OG12-59的解釋】： “In that” is a conjunction that means “inasmuch as”
類似的一個insofar as：在…..的范圍內(nèi)
7月16日
1.【brendawan】
39）就記得有個risk的考法，考察固定搭配的吧。
【朗文RISK用法總結(jié)】
Risk作動詞
risk something to do/doing something
Ø He’s prepared to risk everything to avoid this war.
Ø He risked his life helping others to escape.
risk doing something
Ø They may even risk losing their homes.
risk something on something
Ø You’d be crazy to risk your money on an investment like that!
Risk作名詞
risk of “…的風險”
Ø Healthy eating can help reduce the risk of heart disease.
Ø There is a risk that the crisis may spread further.
risk to “對…的危害”
Ø There is no risk to public health.
Pose a risk for/to sb.
Ø The birds could pose a serious health risk for people who eat them.
Ø things that pose a real risk to the future of mankind
take a risk in doing something
Ø Isn’t he taking a bit of a risk in coming here?
take the risk of doing something
Ø I couldn’t take the risk of leaving him alone even for a short time.
risk to
Ø Polluted water supplies are a risk to public health.
at risk
Ø We must stop these rumours; the firm’s reputation is at risk.
at risk from
Ø Women are more at risk from the harmful effects of alcohol than men.
at risk of
Ø Their children are also at high risk of developing the disease.
Ø That would mean putting other children at risk.(寂靜1 put sb. at risk)
run the risk of doing something
Ø Anyone travelling without a passport runs the risk of being arrested.
at the risk of doing something
Ø Will they go ahead with their plans, even at the risk of offending the Americans?
4.【lovertqy (Q50,V34)】
語法題目真的很多，感覺我開頭和結(jié)尾都是語法題
感覺有一個not only for ,,,,,,but also for..的對稱
還有考到了平行，記得要搞清楚主語謂語是主動還是被動來判斷怎么平行
還有就是獨立主格，我覺得吧，看懂意思，其實考語法點的不多，而且很簡單，關(guān)鍵意思比較惡心
42）還有一個就是畢業(yè)用了什么among graduation, in graduation upon graduation<各種介詞搭配
【朗文】Graduation [uncountable]
On graduation (=after completing a first degree), Nancy became an art teacher.
Upon graduation同樣含義，畢業(yè)后
7月18日
1.【lucky716 (700+)】
語法： 考了很多平行和主謂一致，還考了including，反正看到including和which includes我一般都選including。還考了個unlike的平行，特別容易判斷。大體語法和prep很像，個人覺得比prep簡單一些。語法都蠻簡單的。
2.【cherrypeng2010 (700+)】
Not only does Earth have a lot of surface water, v+ed（某個動詞過去分詞）in it. 沒有含but also的選項，有and和but兩種開頭的選項
Not only but also的知識點見寂靜34，but also中的also可以省略
44)Although her works 并不是那么有名, 對于Hispanic文學某個方面的影響還是很大的.有兩個是以與her對應人的人名開頭的選項，我是在這兩個選項之間排除的
45） Scientists do sth
選項有enable them to, enable that they
【朗文】enable用法
enable somebody/something to do something
The loan enabled Jan to buy the house.
There are plans to enlarge the runway to enable jumbo jets to land.
—enabler noun [countable]