第四章 熱點(diǎn)集結(jié)——城市發(fā)展
一、熱點(diǎn)話題：城市發(fā)展﹑住房問題﹑垃圾處理﹑偽劣商品、下崗就業(yè)、城市移民、人口、 老齡化、打工
二、熱門詞匯：
apartment/flat公寓 cafeteria咖啡廳
capital首都 district區(qū)
junk shop舊貨店 metropolis大都市
monument紀(jì)念碑 city planning城市規(guī)劃
municipal市的，市政的 municipality市政*
city centre市中心 city hall市政廳，市政府
museum博物館 newsstand報(bào)攤
skyscraper摩天大樓 traffic light交通燈
residential area住宅區(qū) slums貧民區(qū)
to pay by installments分期付款 densely populated人口分布稠密
stadium體育場(chǎng) art gallery 美術(shù)館
botanical garden 植物園 stock exchange股票交易所
shopping center購(gòu)物中心 employment agency職業(yè)介紹
support贍養(yǎng) foster養(yǎng)育、撫養(yǎng)
aging of population人口老齡化 family care家庭照料
community services社區(qū)服務(wù) overpopulation人口過剩
unemployment失業(yè) public services公益服務(wù)
overcrowding擁擠 population explosion人口爆炸
undeveloped countries不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家 social welfare system社會(huì)福利事業(yè)
solid economic foundation穩(wěn)固的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ) migrant worker農(nóng)民工
take different attitudes采取不同的態(tài)度 economic development經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展
rush into the city沖進(jìn)城市 city residents / urban dweller城市居民
underpaid低工資 traffic congestion交通擁擠
indispensable不可或缺的 pose a threat to構(gòu)成威脅
sanitation problem衛(wèi)生問題
三、經(jīng)典句式：
1.It is desirable to build more hospitals, shopping centers, recreation centers, cinemas and other public facilities to meet the growing needs of people.
人們希望建立更多的醫(yī)院、購(gòu)物中心、娛樂中心、電*和其他公用設(shè)施來(lái)滿足人們?nèi)找嬖鲩L(zhǎng)的需求。
2.It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.
無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯，現(xiàn)在有成千上萬(wàn)的人仍過著挨餓受凍的痛苦生活。
3.No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.
沒有人能否認(rèn)這一基本事實(shí)：對(duì)于一般工人來(lái)講，輕松掌握這些技術(shù)是不可能的。
4.In the second place, there seem to be too many people without job and not enough job position.第二方面，失業(yè)的人似乎太多而又沒有足夠的工作崗位。
5.From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.
通過以上討論，我完全相信，隨著現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的進(jìn)步，悠閑的生活方式正在消失并不是件壞事。
6.There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.
現(xiàn)在，越來(lái)越多的家長(zhǎng)傾向于留在家里照顧他們的孩子而不愿過早返回工作崗位。
7.Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it.
那些城市的規(guī)劃者們?nèi)绻鲆曔@一點(diǎn)，將會(huì)付出他們無(wú)法承受的代價(jià)。
8.There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.
農(nóng)民進(jìn)城打工呈增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì)，這一問題在世界上大部分城市已引起普遍關(guān)注。
9.Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.
盡管民工對(duì)城市的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)，然而他們也不可避免的帶來(lái)了一些負(fù)面影響。
10.As is known to all, fake and inferior commodities harm the interests of consumers.
眾所周知，假冒偽劣商品損害了消費(fèi)者的利益。
四、熱點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)：就業(yè)擇業(yè) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)/媒體購(gòu)物
例文一來(lái)源：考試大
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic More Candidates for Civil Servant. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1、 現(xiàn)在有越來(lái)越多的大學(xué)應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生報(bào)考公務(wù)員，帶來(lái)了一定的不利因素;
2、 列舉兩到三個(gè)不利因素加以論述;
3、 你對(duì)此有何看法。
【思路點(diǎn)撥】
本文是一篇主要論述大學(xué)生報(bào)考公務(wù)員增多的原因和對(duì)此看法的文章。從提綱可以看出，文章是側(cè)重分析這一現(xiàn)象背后深層次的原因。所以第一段簡(jiǎn)單闡述大學(xué)生報(bào)考公務(wù)員增多的現(xiàn)象并分析原因;第二段可用論證或是舉實(shí)例的方法列舉其不利因素;第三段提出作者觀點(diǎn)或是針對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象的負(fù)面影響的對(duì)策。
【參考范文】
More Candidates for Civil Servant
Nowadays many college graduates apply for civil servant positions. It is true that the positions are ideal in terms of incomes, employment security and respect of others. However, the ever increasing number of applicants doesn't necessarily mean a good thing. The fever for civil servant has brought some side effects. The side effects are listed as follows:
Firstly, many students apply for the positions for wrong reasons. Some of them apply just because their friends do it or because their parents want them. Some, instead of aiming at serve the people, have the intention of enjoying the interests and power brought by their future position. Secondly, too many candidates compete for limited positions. Take such hot positions as those in the judicial branch of government for example, it is estimated that one matriculate is selected out of 200 candidates. More worse, with the flow of most talents to such positions, those positions that are important for social welfare but inferior in personal welfare are left uninterested. This should arouse our deep concern.
For my part, college students should be cautious when deciding whether to apply for the positions. On the one hand, they should not follow others blindly. On the other hand, there are plenty of ways of employment and self-employment, so why crowd on one bus? In a word, the fever should be cooled down.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】
本文屬于現(xiàn)象解釋型作文。首先通過對(duì)當(dāng)前很多人報(bào)考公務(wù)員這一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行闡釋，接著討論造成這一想像的原因，后總結(jié)全文，表達(dá)自己對(duì)此的觀點(diǎn)。文中精彩詞匯包括：apply for，the ever increasing number of，compete for，arouse our deep concern，cooled down。其中句式It is estimated that…;以及疑問句的使用So why crowd on one bus?也成為文章亮點(diǎn)。
例文二
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Media and Shopping. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 當(dāng)今，各種媒體非常發(fā)達(dá)，人們通過媒體購(gòu)物相當(dāng)普遍起來(lái);
2. 媒體購(gòu)物給人們帶來(lái)很多方便，同時(shí)也暴露出其弊端;
3. 我的看法。
【思路點(diǎn)撥】
提綱第1點(diǎn)指出一種新興事物時(shí)下非常流行，提綱第2點(diǎn)針對(duì)比該事物的優(yōu)勢(shì)和缺陷，提綱第3點(diǎn)要求表明“我”的看法，由此可判斷本文應(yīng)為利弊對(duì)比型作文。根據(jù)所給提綱，本文應(yīng)包含如下內(nèi)容：描述時(shí)下媒體發(fā)展迅猛，媒體購(gòu)物也逐漸流行;闡述其優(yōu)點(diǎn)和弊端;后談?wù)勛约旱目捶〝M或是提出對(duì)策如何大限度的減少其弊端的影響。網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂對(duì)傳統(tǒng)課堂的挑戰(zhàn);提出關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂是否會(huì)取代傳統(tǒng)課堂的兩種不同觀點(diǎn)并說明理由;表明“我”的態(tài)度并說明理由。
【參考范文】
Media and Shopping
With numerous technological advances, various kinds of media have been well developed. As a result, an increasing number of people are fond of purchasing goods with the help of media, such as newspapers, radio stations, TV stations and the Internet.
As we know, there are always two sides to everything and shopping via media is no exception. On the one hand, it saves much time, money and effort to purchase goods through media since you don’t have to go to the shops in person. Besides, you can choose what you want from an enormous variety of goods on display. On the other hand, you may be cheated sometimes by the false information and suffer a considerable loss.
As far as I am concerned, shopping via media brings great benefits to our life and our economy on the whole. At the same time, we need strengthened supervision over the information released via media. In this way, we can gain more benefits from shopping via media and reduce the possible harm to a minimum.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本文來(lái)源:考試大網(wǎng)
文章屬于現(xiàn)象解釋型文章，首先從時(shí)下非常流行的網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物現(xiàn)象入手，接著指出該事物的優(yōu)勢(shì)和缺陷，后表明“我”的看法。文中精彩詞匯包括：with the help of，suffer a considerable loss，brings great benefits to，on the whole，gain more benefits from，reduce the possible harm to a minimum等。
一、熱點(diǎn)話題：城市發(fā)展﹑住房問題﹑垃圾處理﹑偽劣商品、下崗就業(yè)、城市移民、人口、 老齡化、打工
二、熱門詞匯：
apartment/flat公寓 cafeteria咖啡廳
capital首都 district區(qū)
junk shop舊貨店 metropolis大都市
monument紀(jì)念碑 city planning城市規(guī)劃
municipal市的，市政的 municipality市政*
city centre市中心 city hall市政廳，市政府
museum博物館 newsstand報(bào)攤
skyscraper摩天大樓 traffic light交通燈
residential area住宅區(qū) slums貧民區(qū)
to pay by installments分期付款 densely populated人口分布稠密
stadium體育場(chǎng) art gallery 美術(shù)館
botanical garden 植物園 stock exchange股票交易所
shopping center購(gòu)物中心 employment agency職業(yè)介紹
support贍養(yǎng) foster養(yǎng)育、撫養(yǎng)
aging of population人口老齡化 family care家庭照料
community services社區(qū)服務(wù) overpopulation人口過剩
unemployment失業(yè) public services公益服務(wù)
overcrowding擁擠 population explosion人口爆炸
undeveloped countries不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家 social welfare system社會(huì)福利事業(yè)
solid economic foundation穩(wěn)固的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ) migrant worker農(nóng)民工
take different attitudes采取不同的態(tài)度 economic development經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展
rush into the city沖進(jìn)城市 city residents / urban dweller城市居民
underpaid低工資 traffic congestion交通擁擠
indispensable不可或缺的 pose a threat to構(gòu)成威脅
sanitation problem衛(wèi)生問題
三、經(jīng)典句式：
1.It is desirable to build more hospitals, shopping centers, recreation centers, cinemas and other public facilities to meet the growing needs of people.
人們希望建立更多的醫(yī)院、購(gòu)物中心、娛樂中心、電*和其他公用設(shè)施來(lái)滿足人們?nèi)找嬖鲩L(zhǎng)的需求。
2.It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.
無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯，現(xiàn)在有成千上萬(wàn)的人仍過著挨餓受凍的痛苦生活。
3.No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.
沒有人能否認(rèn)這一基本事實(shí)：對(duì)于一般工人來(lái)講，輕松掌握這些技術(shù)是不可能的。
4.In the second place, there seem to be too many people without job and not enough job position.第二方面，失業(yè)的人似乎太多而又沒有足夠的工作崗位。
5.From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.
通過以上討論，我完全相信，隨著現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的進(jìn)步，悠閑的生活方式正在消失并不是件壞事。
6.There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.
現(xiàn)在，越來(lái)越多的家長(zhǎng)傾向于留在家里照顧他們的孩子而不愿過早返回工作崗位。
7.Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it.
那些城市的規(guī)劃者們?nèi)绻鲆曔@一點(diǎn)，將會(huì)付出他們無(wú)法承受的代價(jià)。
8.There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.
農(nóng)民進(jìn)城打工呈增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì)，這一問題在世界上大部分城市已引起普遍關(guān)注。
9.Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.
盡管民工對(duì)城市的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)，然而他們也不可避免的帶來(lái)了一些負(fù)面影響。
10.As is known to all, fake and inferior commodities harm the interests of consumers.
眾所周知，假冒偽劣商品損害了消費(fèi)者的利益。
四、熱點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)：就業(yè)擇業(yè) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)/媒體購(gòu)物
例文一來(lái)源：考試大
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic More Candidates for Civil Servant. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1、 現(xiàn)在有越來(lái)越多的大學(xué)應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生報(bào)考公務(wù)員，帶來(lái)了一定的不利因素;
2、 列舉兩到三個(gè)不利因素加以論述;
3、 你對(duì)此有何看法。
【思路點(diǎn)撥】
本文是一篇主要論述大學(xué)生報(bào)考公務(wù)員增多的原因和對(duì)此看法的文章。從提綱可以看出，文章是側(cè)重分析這一現(xiàn)象背后深層次的原因。所以第一段簡(jiǎn)單闡述大學(xué)生報(bào)考公務(wù)員增多的現(xiàn)象并分析原因;第二段可用論證或是舉實(shí)例的方法列舉其不利因素;第三段提出作者觀點(diǎn)或是針對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象的負(fù)面影響的對(duì)策。
【參考范文】
More Candidates for Civil Servant
Nowadays many college graduates apply for civil servant positions. It is true that the positions are ideal in terms of incomes, employment security and respect of others. However, the ever increasing number of applicants doesn't necessarily mean a good thing. The fever for civil servant has brought some side effects. The side effects are listed as follows:
Firstly, many students apply for the positions for wrong reasons. Some of them apply just because their friends do it or because their parents want them. Some, instead of aiming at serve the people, have the intention of enjoying the interests and power brought by their future position. Secondly, too many candidates compete for limited positions. Take such hot positions as those in the judicial branch of government for example, it is estimated that one matriculate is selected out of 200 candidates. More worse, with the flow of most talents to such positions, those positions that are important for social welfare but inferior in personal welfare are left uninterested. This should arouse our deep concern.
For my part, college students should be cautious when deciding whether to apply for the positions. On the one hand, they should not follow others blindly. On the other hand, there are plenty of ways of employment and self-employment, so why crowd on one bus? In a word, the fever should be cooled down.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】
本文屬于現(xiàn)象解釋型作文。首先通過對(duì)當(dāng)前很多人報(bào)考公務(wù)員這一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行闡釋，接著討論造成這一想像的原因，后總結(jié)全文，表達(dá)自己對(duì)此的觀點(diǎn)。文中精彩詞匯包括：apply for，the ever increasing number of，compete for，arouse our deep concern，cooled down。其中句式It is estimated that…;以及疑問句的使用So why crowd on one bus?也成為文章亮點(diǎn)。
例文二
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Media and Shopping. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 當(dāng)今，各種媒體非常發(fā)達(dá)，人們通過媒體購(gòu)物相當(dāng)普遍起來(lái);
2. 媒體購(gòu)物給人們帶來(lái)很多方便，同時(shí)也暴露出其弊端;
3. 我的看法。
【思路點(diǎn)撥】
提綱第1點(diǎn)指出一種新興事物時(shí)下非常流行，提綱第2點(diǎn)針對(duì)比該事物的優(yōu)勢(shì)和缺陷，提綱第3點(diǎn)要求表明“我”的看法，由此可判斷本文應(yīng)為利弊對(duì)比型作文。根據(jù)所給提綱，本文應(yīng)包含如下內(nèi)容：描述時(shí)下媒體發(fā)展迅猛，媒體購(gòu)物也逐漸流行;闡述其優(yōu)點(diǎn)和弊端;后談?wù)勛约旱目捶〝M或是提出對(duì)策如何大限度的減少其弊端的影響。網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂對(duì)傳統(tǒng)課堂的挑戰(zhàn);提出關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂是否會(huì)取代傳統(tǒng)課堂的兩種不同觀點(diǎn)并說明理由;表明“我”的態(tài)度并說明理由。
【參考范文】
Media and Shopping
With numerous technological advances, various kinds of media have been well developed. As a result, an increasing number of people are fond of purchasing goods with the help of media, such as newspapers, radio stations, TV stations and the Internet.
As we know, there are always two sides to everything and shopping via media is no exception. On the one hand, it saves much time, money and effort to purchase goods through media since you don’t have to go to the shops in person. Besides, you can choose what you want from an enormous variety of goods on display. On the other hand, you may be cheated sometimes by the false information and suffer a considerable loss.
As far as I am concerned, shopping via media brings great benefits to our life and our economy on the whole. At the same time, we need strengthened supervision over the information released via media. In this way, we can gain more benefits from shopping via media and reduce the possible harm to a minimum.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本文來(lái)源:考試大網(wǎng)
文章屬于現(xiàn)象解釋型文章，首先從時(shí)下非常流行的網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物現(xiàn)象入手，接著指出該事物的優(yōu)勢(shì)和缺陷，后表明“我”的看法。文中精彩詞匯包括：with the help of，suffer a considerable loss，brings great benefits to，on the whole，gain more benefits from，reduce the possible harm to a minimum等。