2011年6月GMAT作文機(jī)經(jīng)AA(至6.22)
(1) 本月機(jī)經(jīng)5次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)：次employee of NGO比employee of corporation更motivated，第一句里有
study,所以用了 false analogy和 study這兩個(gè) 。
No.AAB1 The following appeared in a memorandum from the head of a human
resources department at a major automobile manufacturing company to the
company’s managers:
“Studies have found that employees of not-for-profit organizations and charities
are often more highly motivated than employees of for-profit corporations to
perform well at work when their performance is not being monitored or evaluated.
Interviews with employees of not-for-profit organizations suggest that the
reason for their greater motivation is the belief that their work helps to
improve society. Because they believe in the importance of their work, they have
personal reasons to perform well, even when no financial reward is present.
Thus, if our corporation began donating a significant portion of its profits to
humanitarian causes, our employees’ motivation and productivity would increase
substantially and our overall profits would increase as well.”
(3) 本月機(jī)經(jīng)5次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)5次
No.92“Over the past decade, the price per pound of citrus fruit has increased substantially. Eleven years ago, Megamart charged 15 cents a pound for lemons, but today it commonly charges over a dollar a pound. In only one of these last 11 years was the weather unfavorable for growing citrus crops. Evidently, then, citrus growers have been responsible for the excessive increase in the price of citrus fruit, and strict pricing regulations are needed to prevent them from continuing to inflate prices.”
92. 當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙的社論：
過去的10年里，桔類水果的價(jià)格實(shí)際上上升了。11年前，Megamart每個(gè)檸檬要價(jià)5分，現(xiàn)在一般要價(jià)為30分一個(gè)。過去11年只有一年不適合桔類水果生長(zhǎng)。顯然，柑桔種植者應(yīng)該對(duì)桔類水果價(jià)格過度上漲負(fù)責(zé)。為防止他們繼續(xù)哄抬價(jià)格規(guī)范價(jià)格規(guī)定很有必要。
提供觀點(diǎn)：
1， 小范圍推大范圍。
2， 忽略他因，是否只有一種因素導(dǎo)致價(jià)格上升——不適合生長(zhǎng)。。。還有，比如環(huán)境保護(hù)，加工價(jià)格上升，人力成本上升，或者單純的物價(jià)上漲。。。monetary inflation, increased distribution and labor costs, or alterations in supply and demand conditions
1， 檸檬缺乏代表性，或者說，檸檬有其特殊性，譬如檸檬都是進(jìn)口的，比較貴；
2， 天氣好不一定代表物價(jià)要低，因?yàn)榉N植柑橘的農(nóng)民已經(jīng)動(dòng)用了可用的資源了，產(chǎn)量無法再多了；
3， 是否物價(jià)高就是農(nóng)民肆意抬高的緣故，可能是dealers在其中的作用；
政府是否要介入，雖然價(jià)格變貴了，但是targeted customers沒有變化，對(duì)整個(gè)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)影響不大
（5）本月機(jī)經(jīng)1次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)：5次
說是一個(gè)汽車分銷商6月在當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙上打了luxury models的廣告，并且把luxury models挪到展廳顯著的位置，結(jié)果6月總的sales大漲。2月展廳顯著位置放的是不太貴的models，結(jié)果sales比較低。然后一個(gè)銷售經(jīng)理就說可見人們看到luxury models了就能選了什么variety of models，然后就建議常年把luxury models放在展廳中間。
考古：
v1賣車店把豪華車放在廣告中以及店中央可以比便宜的車得到更多的收入
v2有一個(gè)賣汽車的公司在June的時(shí)候大力為他們的Luxury automobile做廣告，luxury和inexpensive的mobiles的combined的sales很好；在February做的是 inexpensive的廣告，就賣得不好。所以以后要大力做luxury的廣告，可以吸引顧客，顧客一定會(huì)被吸引讓后買很多，賺死了。
（7）本月機(jī)經(jīng)6次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)：7次
No.53 The following editorial appeared in the Elm City paper.
“The construction last year of a shopping mall in downtown Oak City was a mistake. Since the mall has opened, a number of local businesses have closed, and the downtown area suffers from an acute parking shortage, and arrests for crime and vagrancy have increased in the nearby Oak City Park. Elm City should pay attention to the example of the Oak City mall and deny the application to build a shopping mall in Elm City.”
“The construction last year of a shopping mall in downtown Oak City was a mistake. Since the mall has opened, a number of local businesses have closed, and the downtown area suffers from an acute parking shortage, and arrests for crime and vagrancy have increased in the nearby Oak City Park. Elm City should pay attention to the example of the Oak City mall and deny the application to build a shopping mall in Elm City.” （52）(兩個(gè)版本，此為較新版本)
53. Elm城的報(bào)紙上的社論：
去年在橡樹城市中心修建購(gòu)物中心是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。由于中心開業(yè)，大量的本地企業(yè)倒閉了。而且市中心受到嚴(yán)重缺乏停車位的困擾。在附近的橡樹城公園拘捕的罪犯和流浪漢也增加了。榆樹城應(yīng)該注意橡樹城購(gòu)物中心的例子并防止在榆樹城建立購(gòu)物中心。 （9）本月機(jī)經(jīng)4次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)：13次
No.6 The following appeared as part of an article in a magazine devoted to
regional life:
“Corporations should look to the city of Helios when seeking new business
opportunities or a new location. Even in the recent recession, Helios’s
unemployment rate was lower than the regional average. It is the industrial
center of the region, and historically it has provided more than its share of
the region’s manufacturing jobs. In addition, Helios is attempting to expand its
economic base by attracting companies that focus on research and development of
innovative technologies.”
6. 一份面向地方生活的雜志上的一篇文章：
企業(yè)在尋找新的商機(jī)或位置時(shí)應(yīng)該去Helios城。甚至在近的衰退中，Helios的失業(yè)率也比地區(qū)平均水平低，它是地區(qū)的工業(yè)中心，歷它提供的比它在地區(qū)制造業(yè)工作中分享的份額中更多。而且，Helios正試圖通過吸引研究和發(fā)展革新技術(shù)的公司來擴(kuò)張它的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)。
（11）本月機(jī)經(jīng)5次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)7次
The following appeared in a memorandum from the CEO of a consumer electronics manufacturing firm to the head of the company’s human resources department, who is responsible for hiring new employees:
“Eight years ago, our firm’s profits were increasing with each new employee we added. We discovered that each employee had the skills and motivation to generate more revenue for the firm than his or her salary cost us. However, for the past two years, our profit margin has been falling, even though we have continued to add employees. Thus, our newer employees are not generating enough revenue to justify their salaries. We must not be hiring new employees with the same level of skills and motivation as those we used to attract. Clearly, then, failures in the human resources department account for our falling profits.”
提供觀點(diǎn)：
1、忽略他因：存在員工之外的因素影響利潤(rùn)
2、錯(cuò)誤的歸罪于HR
3、錯(cuò)誤的認(rèn)為事物恒定：八年前的歷史數(shù)據(jù)不能用來評(píng)價(jià)目前的狀況
（13）本月機(jī)經(jīng)1次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)7次
Fun Toy Company采取了一個(gè)職工培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃program，讓senior employees volunteer to take an new
employees as their apprentice, 這樣的話，new employees 就可以follow the pattern sets by
the senior employees. 用這種方法，
可以減少培訓(xùn)成本，也不會(huì)time-consuming。因此，我們公司也應(yīng)該仿效該公司，采取同樣的方法來培訓(xùn)員工。
偶寫的錯(cuò)誤是：false analogy& gratuitous assumption
考古
V1.Afun toys company successfully use the module which that senior employees
take on an aprrence,讓新員工觀察老員工然后從中學(xué)習(xí). 這樣的話可以減少很多cost for training
program。有人建議他們的公司應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)這個(gè)fun toys company.
V2.摘自a human resouce director in a tire manufacturing company.
”The cost of training the new employee plays an important role in the overall
expense of a company. 象the Fun Toys Company 發(fā)起一個(gè)Apprentice Training Progam.
他們給senior empoloyee發(fā) salary bounus 如果他們自愿參加這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中new employee can learn
business patterns from the senior employee這樣來降低新員工的培訓(xùn)成本。 so no more expensive
and cost programs are needed. 所以我們公司也應(yīng)該象FUN Toys Company 一樣用這中項(xiàng)目降低新員工培訓(xùn)的成本?！?BR> （15）本月機(jī)經(jīng)2次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)9次
The country of Bonaria held a major soccer event five years ago. Therefore, if
the country continues to hold major sport events, tourism will increase rapidly
in the country and thus bring benefits to the country’s economy.
某個(gè)國(guó)家5年前辦了場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，然后發(fā)現(xiàn)近三年旅游人數(shù)增多鳥，經(jīng)濟(jì)都增長(zhǎng)了。所以有人提出為了促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，要再辦個(gè)國(guó)際賽事。
考古：
[v1]一個(gè)B城市:5年前hold an succor competition. 發(fā)現(xiàn)相比在這個(gè)competition
3年前，在這個(gè)competition舉辦后的3年的number of tourists increased
25%。所有呢，這個(gè)B城市打算再舉辦類似的sport event 來吸引游客。這個(gè)城市B相信，這個(gè)sport event會(huì)增加游客人數(shù)，同時(shí)benefit
the country economy.
[v2] AA:5年前辦了一個(gè)足球比賽，后來旅游發(fā)展很好，所以我們應(yīng)該引進(jìn)更多的國(guó)際體育賽事到B市，就可以吸引游客，帶動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展
[v3] B國(guó)家五年前hosted a international soccer competition 游客增加
所以市長(zhǎng)未來想要再辦類似的比賽以增加觀光收入和國(guó)家收益
提供觀點(diǎn)：
1、錯(cuò)誤的由時(shí)間先后推出因果關(guān)系
2、過去的成功不能保證將來，存在他因 （17）本月機(jī)經(jīng)1次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)4次
No.1 The following appeared as part of an annual report sent to stockholders by
Olympic Foods, a processor of frozen foods.
“Over time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how
to do things better, they become more efficient.In color film processing, for
example, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service
in 1970 to 20 centsfor one-day service in 1984. The same principle applies to
the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrateits
twenty-fifth birthday, we can expect that our long experience will enable us to
minimize costs and thus maximize profits.”
下面摘自一家冷凍食品處理商（processor）奧林匹克食品提交給股東的年報(bào)：隨著時(shí)間流逝，由于機(jī)構(gòu)了解了做好事情的方法進(jìn)而提高了效率，處理的成本會(huì)降低。比如在彩色膠卷處理方面，3/5英寸照片的成本從1970年的5天50cent降至1984年的1天20cent。同樣的規(guī)律適用于食品處理方面。由于奧林匹克食品即將慶祝它的25歲生日，我們可以指望我們長(zhǎng)期的經(jīng)驗(yàn)會(huì)使我們達(dá)到小的成本和大的利潤(rùn)。
提供觀點(diǎn)：
1. false analogy: The food industry is not analogous to the color film
industry.
2. causal oversimplification: Other factors that may contribute t to the cost
decline of the printing cost should be considered and ruled out.
3. gratuitous assumption: The conclusion of the argument is based on a
gratuitous assumption that the company can minimize cost and maximize profit
because the company has been conducted for 25 years.
1. 錯(cuò)誤類比：color film processing和processing of food不相同。problems of spoilage,
contamination, and timely transportation都只影響food 不影響film.
2. 同時(shí)，忽略他因。是否是因?yàn)榻M織更有效率才使COST下降的？很可能是material necessary for the
process下降了價(jià)錢。所以，兩者更不同。
3. gratuitous assumption：二十五年不代表學(xué)到了很多。很可能什么都沒學(xué)到，或者技術(shù)已經(jīng)out of date.
（19）本月機(jī)經(jīng)5次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)8次
The following appeared as part of a business plan by the Capital Idea Investment firm.
“Currently more and more books are becoming available in electronic form — either free of charge on the Internet or for a very low price per book on CD-ROM.* People who would not pay bookstore prices will now have access to whatever book they want from their home or work computers. Consequently, literary classics are likely to be read more widely than ever before: 72 percent of those responding to a recent online survey said they would read books in electronic form, and 81 percent said they believed that reading classic works was important. Given this newly developing market, we should invest in E-Classics, a new company that sells electronic versions of literary classics.”
*A CD-ROM is a small portable disc capable of storing relatively large amounts of data that can be read by a computer.
報(bào)紙的圖書版的文章： 現(xiàn)在越來越多的書有了電子版，或者放在網(wǎng)上免費(fèi)獲得，或者在光盤上以很低的價(jià)格出售。因此文學(xué)經(jīng)典可以得到比以前更廣泛的閱讀。不能以書店價(jià)格購(gòu)買這些書的人現(xiàn)在可以用很少的錢或者不花錢來閱讀他們。類似的，覺得去圖書館或者等待其他人還書不方便的人現(xiàn)在可以通過家里或者工作用的電腦得到他想要的任何名著。這和文學(xué)名著接觸的增長(zhǎng)將從根本上影響公眾的閱讀品味，塑造比以前更成熟更博學(xué)的讀者。
（21）本月機(jī)經(jīng)4次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)1次
No.64 The following appeared in a memorandum from the director of human resources to the executive officers of
Company X:
“Last year, we surveyed our employees on improvements needed at Company X by having them rank, in order of importance, the issues presented in a list of possible improvements. Improved communications between employees and management was consistently ranked as the issue of highest importance by the employees who responded to the survey. As you know, we have since instituted regular communications sessions conducted by high-level management, which the employees can attend on a voluntary basis. Therefore, it is likely that most employees at Company X now feel that the improvement most needed at the company has been made.”
64. 人力資源經(jīng)理給X公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)主管的備忘錄：
去年，我們向員工調(diào)查他們認(rèn)為X公司應(yīng)該進(jìn)行的改進(jìn)，讓他們把改進(jìn)按重要性排列。結(jié)果列印為一張可能的改進(jìn)的表格。根據(jù)調(diào)查中員工的反應(yīng)，“加強(qiáng)員工和管理層的溝通”具重要性，穩(wěn)居調(diào)查表之首。如你所知，那以后我們建立了由高層管理人員組織，雇員可以自愿參加的常規(guī)交流會(huì)。因此，看來X的多數(shù)員工認(rèn)為應(yīng)該進(jìn)行的改進(jìn)已經(jīng)完成了。
（24）本月機(jī)經(jīng)2次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)5次
No.39 The following appeared in an Avia Airlines departmental memorandum:
“On average, 9 out of every 1,000 passengers who traveled on Avia Airlines last year filed a complaint about our baggage-handling procedures. This means that although some 1 percent of our passengers were unhappy with those procedures, the overwhelming majority were quite satisfied with them; thus it would appear that a review of the procedures is not important to our goal of maintaining or increasing the number of Avia’s passengers.”
40. Avia航空的部門備忘錄：
平均地，去年乘坐Avia的1000個(gè)乘客中有9個(gè)針對(duì)我們的行李處理流程寫了投訴信。這說明雖然有大約1%的乘客對(duì)這一流程表示不滿，乘客的主體對(duì)它還是滿意的。所以對(duì)流程的重新審查對(duì)我們要保持和提高Avia的乘客數(shù)這一目標(biāo)不是很重要的。
提供觀點(diǎn)：
1去年是這樣今年呢以后呢？
2很有可能是乘客對(duì)服務(wù)不滿意卻沒時(shí)間正式申訴
3和別的航空公司比較如何seriousness trivailize
1， 沒有complaint不代表沒有不滿。
2， 沒有跟其他公司對(duì)比，同時(shí)并不知道總數(shù)。
（26）本月機(jī)經(jīng)4次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)2次
No.11 The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.
“In the first four years that Montoya has served as mayor of the city of San Perdito, the population has decreased and the unemployment rate has increased. Two businesses have closed for each new business that has opened. Under Varro, who served as mayor for four years before Montoya, the unemployment rate decreased and the population increased. Clearly, the residents of San Perdito would be best served if they voted Montoya out of office and reelected Varro.”
12. 地方性報(bào)紙的編者按：
在Montoya當(dāng)San Perdito市長(zhǎng)的頭4年里，人口下降而失業(yè)率上升。每當(dāng)一個(gè)新企業(yè)開業(yè)，就有兩個(gè)舊的關(guān)門。而在Montoya之前Uarro當(dāng)市長(zhǎng)的4年里，失業(yè)率下降人口增長(zhǎng)。很明顯，San Perdito的居民重新選舉Varro而非Montoya會(huì)得到更好的服務(wù)。
（28）本月機(jī)經(jīng)1次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)3次
No.104：The following appeared as part of a memorandum from the loan department of the Frostbite National Bank:
“We should not approve the business loan application of the local group that wants to open a franchise outlet for the Kool Kone chain of ice cream parlors. Frostbite is known for its cold winters, and cold weather can mean slow ice cream sales. For example, even though Frostbite is a town of 10,000 people, it has only one ice cream spot—the Frigid Cow. Despite the lack of competition, the Frigid Cow’s net revenues fell by 10 percent last winter.”
110. Frostbite國(guó)家銀行的借貸部門的備忘錄：
我們不應(yīng)該批準(zhǔn)那個(gè)希望開一家KK冰激凌連鎖店的特許店的本地團(tuán)體的借貸請(qǐng)求。Frostbite以其寒冷的冬天而聞名，而冷天氣意味著冰激凌的銷售不利。比如，雖然Frostbite是個(gè)有10000人的鎮(zhèn)子，它卻只有一家冰激凌店Frigid Cow。盡管缺乏競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，F(xiàn)rigid Cow的凈收入去年冬天下降了10％。
（30）本月機(jī)經(jīng)2次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)3次
No.99 or 101 The following appeared in an editorial from a newspaper serving the town of Saluda.
“The Saluda Consolidated High School offers over 200 different courses from which its students can choose. A much smaller private school down the street offers a basic curriculum of only 80 different courses, but it consistently sends a higher proportion of its graduating seniors on to college than Consolidated does. By eliminating at least half of the courses offered there and focusing on a basic curriculum, we could improve student performance at Consolidated and also save many tax dollars.”
105. Saluda鎮(zhèn)的報(bào)紙的編者按：
Saluda統(tǒng)一高中提過超過200中不同的課程供它的學(xué)生選擇。路那頭一所小的多的私立學(xué)校提供80種基本的課程，但是它的畢業(yè)生升入大學(xué)的比例始終比統(tǒng)一高中要高。去除至少一半的課程而著眼于基本課程，我們可以改善統(tǒng)一高中學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)并省下稅收收入。
典型的錯(cuò)誤類比, 還攻擊了錯(cuò)誤因果, 和 不見得drop in number of courses will save tax.
我想的理由是條件沒有論證，沒有排除他因，樣本太少不具有代表性
（32）本月機(jī)經(jīng)1次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)2次
No.39 The following appeared in the editorial section of a campus newspaper.
“Because occupancy rates for campus housing fell during the last academic year, so did housing revenues. To solve the problem, campus housing officials should reduce the number of available housing units, thereby increasing the occupancy rates. Also, to keep students from choosing to live off-campus, housing officials should lower the rents, thereby increasing demand.”
39. 校園報(bào)紙的社論：
因?yàn)樾@住宅的使用率在過去的學(xué)年中下降了，住宅收入也下降了。為了解決這個(gè)問題，校園住宅辦公室應(yīng)該減少可使用的住宅單元，從而增加使用率。同樣的，為了不讓學(xué)生選擇住在校外，住宅辦公室應(yīng)該降低租金來擴(kuò)大需求。
提供觀點(diǎn)：
1、入住率和房租收入非因果關(guān)系（房租收入下降也可能是趕上經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退租房市場(chǎng)低迷、學(xué)生招收人數(shù)減少等）
2、降低房租不一定能吸引更多的學(xué)生（價(jià)格不是因素，存在其他因素如住宿條件、學(xué)校管制太嚴(yán)等）
3、提高入住率不一定能提高收入（尤其是在利用降低房租這個(gè)手段時(shí)，增加的入住量不一定能彌補(bǔ)降低房租帶來的損失）
（34）本月機(jī)經(jīng)1次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)1次
No.96 The following appeared as part of an article in a computer magazine.
”A year ago Apex Manufacturing bought its managers computers for their homes and paid for telephone connections so that the managers could access Apex computers and data files from home after normal business hours. Since last year, productivity at Apex has increased by 15 percent. Other companies can learn from the success at Apex: given home computers and access to company resources, employees will work additional hours at home and thereby increase company profits.”
96. 電腦雜志的文章：
一年前Apex制造公司給它的經(jīng)理們?cè)诩屹I了電腦，并支付電話費(fèi)，這樣他們就可以在工作時(shí)間以外從家里連接到Apex的電腦和數(shù)據(jù)文件。從去年開始，Apex的生產(chǎn)能力增長(zhǎng)了15%。其他公司可以借鑒Apex的成功，提供家用電腦和到公司資源的鏈接，雇員會(huì)在家里加班并提高公司利潤(rùn)。
（36）本月機(jī)經(jīng)1次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)7次
No.106 or 108. "Research indicates that those who exercise regularly are hospitalized less than half as often as those who don’t exercise. By providing a well-equipped gym for Saluda’s municipal employees, we should be able to reduce the cost of our group health insurance coverage by approximately 50 percent and thereby achieve a balanced town budget."
Argument: 根據(jù)一份research的調(diào)查顯示，exercise regularly people hospitalized 的幾率比 do not exercise 的people 小一半。因此
AA: 一個(gè)研究說鍛煉的人去醫(yī)院的次數(shù)少50％，所以城市要建健身設(shè)施，可以減少醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)投入50％，減少城市財(cái)政赤字。
提供觀點(diǎn)：
1. There is no causal relationship between the development of the employees’ health and the provision of a well-equipped gym.
2. Therefore, the reduction of the cost of group health insurance coverage expected by the author is not guaranteed.
3. Even if the provision of the gym can cause a reduction of the cost, no one can rely on it to achieve a balanced town budget since the health incidents occur very randomly.
（38）本月機(jī)經(jīng)2次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)5次
V1. Crow’s head company什么的 五年前衣服銷量不錯(cuò) 打算再開125家分店什么的。。然后說顧客一定會(huì)買因?yàn)樗麄兊腃EO是rock star 然后有個(gè)management team pursue expansion 還有個(gè)原因。。失憶了。。。。
我用的是過去推現(xiàn)在，無理假設(shè)
V2. 說一個(gè)clothes的company 在前4年銷售很不錯(cuò)，所以計(jì)劃自己新開 125retail store， 自己管理，然后說因?yàn)轭櫩蜁?huì)感覺到公司在expansion 所以會(huì)來買，而且ceo of this company is a former rock star，所以相信這個(gè)計(jì)劃會(huì)成功。
考古
V1一個(gè)新的服裝企業(yè) 發(fā)展五年要開自己的retail store ，作者建議clients 購(gòu)進(jìn)這個(gè)企業(yè)的衣服，因?yàn)橛泻軓?qiáng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，而且CEO是原來很有名氣的rock star （我總覺得是艾薇兒的那個(gè)clothes line）
V2.某集團(tuán)的某產(chǎn)品在一些連里面銷售不錯(cuò)。所以他們計(jì)劃打算自己賣（在超市里面）。有一個(gè)投資經(jīng)理忽悠客戶叫他們趕緊買這家公司的股票。因?yàn)樯厦娴脑颉＿€有一個(gè)更搞笑的，該公司CEO是“前”搖滾明星。具有recognition知名度，能號(hào)召Young什么的購(gòu)買力。
V3.講的是一個(gè)young rising company 擴(kuò)張了自己的業(yè)務(wù)，并且為了company的成功給出了兩種預(yù)測(cè)——第一個(gè)是由于員工的極力推薦，可以使這個(gè)這個(gè)公司的發(fā)展獲得成功。第二個(gè)是由于該company 的CEO是一個(gè)rock star，通過該CEO的star power也可以促使這個(gè)young rising company 獲得成功
V4.說有間clothing is the new trend for youth apparel，然后financial analyst 建議investment firm to purchase this company based on the following。
因?yàn)椋?.the company has been profitable in past 5 years 2.management has been very aggressive in expansion. They plan to open 125 stores this year 3. CEO is a former rock star and the album has been the top sales. The star power will be Influential
(1) 本月機(jī)經(jīng)5次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)：次employee of NGO比employee of corporation更motivated，第一句里有
study,所以用了 false analogy和 study這兩個(gè) 。
No.AAB1 The following appeared in a memorandum from the head of a human
resources department at a major automobile manufacturing company to the
company’s managers:
“Studies have found that employees of not-for-profit organizations and charities
are often more highly motivated than employees of for-profit corporations to
perform well at work when their performance is not being monitored or evaluated.
Interviews with employees of not-for-profit organizations suggest that the
reason for their greater motivation is the belief that their work helps to
improve society. Because they believe in the importance of their work, they have
personal reasons to perform well, even when no financial reward is present.
Thus, if our corporation began donating a significant portion of its profits to
humanitarian causes, our employees’ motivation and productivity would increase
substantially and our overall profits would increase as well.”
(3) 本月機(jī)經(jīng)5次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)5次
No.92“Over the past decade, the price per pound of citrus fruit has increased substantially. Eleven years ago, Megamart charged 15 cents a pound for lemons, but today it commonly charges over a dollar a pound. In only one of these last 11 years was the weather unfavorable for growing citrus crops. Evidently, then, citrus growers have been responsible for the excessive increase in the price of citrus fruit, and strict pricing regulations are needed to prevent them from continuing to inflate prices.”
92. 當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙的社論：
過去的10年里，桔類水果的價(jià)格實(shí)際上上升了。11年前，Megamart每個(gè)檸檬要價(jià)5分，現(xiàn)在一般要價(jià)為30分一個(gè)。過去11年只有一年不適合桔類水果生長(zhǎng)。顯然，柑桔種植者應(yīng)該對(duì)桔類水果價(jià)格過度上漲負(fù)責(zé)。為防止他們繼續(xù)哄抬價(jià)格規(guī)范價(jià)格規(guī)定很有必要。
提供觀點(diǎn)：
1， 小范圍推大范圍。
2， 忽略他因，是否只有一種因素導(dǎo)致價(jià)格上升——不適合生長(zhǎng)。。。還有，比如環(huán)境保護(hù)，加工價(jià)格上升，人力成本上升，或者單純的物價(jià)上漲。。。monetary inflation, increased distribution and labor costs, or alterations in supply and demand conditions
1， 檸檬缺乏代表性，或者說，檸檬有其特殊性，譬如檸檬都是進(jìn)口的，比較貴；
2， 天氣好不一定代表物價(jià)要低，因?yàn)榉N植柑橘的農(nóng)民已經(jīng)動(dòng)用了可用的資源了，產(chǎn)量無法再多了；
3， 是否物價(jià)高就是農(nóng)民肆意抬高的緣故，可能是dealers在其中的作用；
政府是否要介入，雖然價(jià)格變貴了，但是targeted customers沒有變化，對(duì)整個(gè)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)影響不大
（5）本月機(jī)經(jīng)1次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)：5次
說是一個(gè)汽車分銷商6月在當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙上打了luxury models的廣告，并且把luxury models挪到展廳顯著的位置，結(jié)果6月總的sales大漲。2月展廳顯著位置放的是不太貴的models，結(jié)果sales比較低。然后一個(gè)銷售經(jīng)理就說可見人們看到luxury models了就能選了什么variety of models，然后就建議常年把luxury models放在展廳中間。
考古：
v1賣車店把豪華車放在廣告中以及店中央可以比便宜的車得到更多的收入
v2有一個(gè)賣汽車的公司在June的時(shí)候大力為他們的Luxury automobile做廣告，luxury和inexpensive的mobiles的combined的sales很好；在February做的是 inexpensive的廣告，就賣得不好。所以以后要大力做luxury的廣告，可以吸引顧客，顧客一定會(huì)被吸引讓后買很多，賺死了。
（7）本月機(jī)經(jīng)6次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)：7次
No.53 The following editorial appeared in the Elm City paper.
“The construction last year of a shopping mall in downtown Oak City was a mistake. Since the mall has opened, a number of local businesses have closed, and the downtown area suffers from an acute parking shortage, and arrests for crime and vagrancy have increased in the nearby Oak City Park. Elm City should pay attention to the example of the Oak City mall and deny the application to build a shopping mall in Elm City.”
“The construction last year of a shopping mall in downtown Oak City was a mistake. Since the mall has opened, a number of local businesses have closed, and the downtown area suffers from an acute parking shortage, and arrests for crime and vagrancy have increased in the nearby Oak City Park. Elm City should pay attention to the example of the Oak City mall and deny the application to build a shopping mall in Elm City.” （52）(兩個(gè)版本，此為較新版本)
53. Elm城的報(bào)紙上的社論：
去年在橡樹城市中心修建購(gòu)物中心是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。由于中心開業(yè)，大量的本地企業(yè)倒閉了。而且市中心受到嚴(yán)重缺乏停車位的困擾。在附近的橡樹城公園拘捕的罪犯和流浪漢也增加了。榆樹城應(yīng)該注意橡樹城購(gòu)物中心的例子并防止在榆樹城建立購(gòu)物中心。 （9）本月機(jī)經(jīng)4次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)：13次
No.6 The following appeared as part of an article in a magazine devoted to
regional life:
“Corporations should look to the city of Helios when seeking new business
opportunities or a new location. Even in the recent recession, Helios’s
unemployment rate was lower than the regional average. It is the industrial
center of the region, and historically it has provided more than its share of
the region’s manufacturing jobs. In addition, Helios is attempting to expand its
economic base by attracting companies that focus on research and development of
innovative technologies.”
6. 一份面向地方生活的雜志上的一篇文章：
企業(yè)在尋找新的商機(jī)或位置時(shí)應(yīng)該去Helios城。甚至在近的衰退中，Helios的失業(yè)率也比地區(qū)平均水平低，它是地區(qū)的工業(yè)中心，歷它提供的比它在地區(qū)制造業(yè)工作中分享的份額中更多。而且，Helios正試圖通過吸引研究和發(fā)展革新技術(shù)的公司來擴(kuò)張它的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)。
（11）本月機(jī)經(jīng)5次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)7次
The following appeared in a memorandum from the CEO of a consumer electronics manufacturing firm to the head of the company’s human resources department, who is responsible for hiring new employees:
“Eight years ago, our firm’s profits were increasing with each new employee we added. We discovered that each employee had the skills and motivation to generate more revenue for the firm than his or her salary cost us. However, for the past two years, our profit margin has been falling, even though we have continued to add employees. Thus, our newer employees are not generating enough revenue to justify their salaries. We must not be hiring new employees with the same level of skills and motivation as those we used to attract. Clearly, then, failures in the human resources department account for our falling profits.”
提供觀點(diǎn)：
1、忽略他因：存在員工之外的因素影響利潤(rùn)
2、錯(cuò)誤的歸罪于HR
3、錯(cuò)誤的認(rèn)為事物恒定：八年前的歷史數(shù)據(jù)不能用來評(píng)價(jià)目前的狀況
（13）本月機(jī)經(jīng)1次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)7次
Fun Toy Company采取了一個(gè)職工培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃program，讓senior employees volunteer to take an new
employees as their apprentice, 這樣的話，new employees 就可以follow the pattern sets by
the senior employees. 用這種方法，
可以減少培訓(xùn)成本，也不會(huì)time-consuming。因此，我們公司也應(yīng)該仿效該公司，采取同樣的方法來培訓(xùn)員工。
偶寫的錯(cuò)誤是：false analogy& gratuitous assumption
考古
V1.Afun toys company successfully use the module which that senior employees
take on an aprrence,讓新員工觀察老員工然后從中學(xué)習(xí). 這樣的話可以減少很多cost for training
program。有人建議他們的公司應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)這個(gè)fun toys company.
V2.摘自a human resouce director in a tire manufacturing company.
”The cost of training the new employee plays an important role in the overall
expense of a company. 象the Fun Toys Company 發(fā)起一個(gè)Apprentice Training Progam.
他們給senior empoloyee發(fā) salary bounus 如果他們自愿參加這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中new employee can learn
business patterns from the senior employee這樣來降低新員工的培訓(xùn)成本。 so no more expensive
and cost programs are needed. 所以我們公司也應(yīng)該象FUN Toys Company 一樣用這中項(xiàng)目降低新員工培訓(xùn)的成本?！?BR> （15）本月機(jī)經(jīng)2次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)9次
The country of Bonaria held a major soccer event five years ago. Therefore, if
the country continues to hold major sport events, tourism will increase rapidly
in the country and thus bring benefits to the country’s economy.
某個(gè)國(guó)家5年前辦了場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，然后發(fā)現(xiàn)近三年旅游人數(shù)增多鳥，經(jīng)濟(jì)都增長(zhǎng)了。所以有人提出為了促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，要再辦個(gè)國(guó)際賽事。
考古：
[v1]一個(gè)B城市:5年前hold an succor competition. 發(fā)現(xiàn)相比在這個(gè)competition
3年前，在這個(gè)competition舉辦后的3年的number of tourists increased
25%。所有呢，這個(gè)B城市打算再舉辦類似的sport event 來吸引游客。這個(gè)城市B相信，這個(gè)sport event會(huì)增加游客人數(shù)，同時(shí)benefit
the country economy.
[v2] AA:5年前辦了一個(gè)足球比賽，后來旅游發(fā)展很好，所以我們應(yīng)該引進(jìn)更多的國(guó)際體育賽事到B市，就可以吸引游客，帶動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展
[v3] B國(guó)家五年前hosted a international soccer competition 游客增加
所以市長(zhǎng)未來想要再辦類似的比賽以增加觀光收入和國(guó)家收益
提供觀點(diǎn)：
1、錯(cuò)誤的由時(shí)間先后推出因果關(guān)系
2、過去的成功不能保證將來，存在他因 （17）本月機(jī)經(jīng)1次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)4次
No.1 The following appeared as part of an annual report sent to stockholders by
Olympic Foods, a processor of frozen foods.
“Over time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how
to do things better, they become more efficient.In color film processing, for
example, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service
in 1970 to 20 centsfor one-day service in 1984. The same principle applies to
the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrateits
twenty-fifth birthday, we can expect that our long experience will enable us to
minimize costs and thus maximize profits.”
下面摘自一家冷凍食品處理商（processor）奧林匹克食品提交給股東的年報(bào)：隨著時(shí)間流逝，由于機(jī)構(gòu)了解了做好事情的方法進(jìn)而提高了效率，處理的成本會(huì)降低。比如在彩色膠卷處理方面，3/5英寸照片的成本從1970年的5天50cent降至1984年的1天20cent。同樣的規(guī)律適用于食品處理方面。由于奧林匹克食品即將慶祝它的25歲生日，我們可以指望我們長(zhǎng)期的經(jīng)驗(yàn)會(huì)使我們達(dá)到小的成本和大的利潤(rùn)。
提供觀點(diǎn)：
1. false analogy: The food industry is not analogous to the color film
industry.
2. causal oversimplification: Other factors that may contribute t to the cost
decline of the printing cost should be considered and ruled out.
3. gratuitous assumption: The conclusion of the argument is based on a
gratuitous assumption that the company can minimize cost and maximize profit
because the company has been conducted for 25 years.
1. 錯(cuò)誤類比：color film processing和processing of food不相同。problems of spoilage,
contamination, and timely transportation都只影響food 不影響film.
2. 同時(shí)，忽略他因。是否是因?yàn)榻M織更有效率才使COST下降的？很可能是material necessary for the
process下降了價(jià)錢。所以，兩者更不同。
3. gratuitous assumption：二十五年不代表學(xué)到了很多。很可能什么都沒學(xué)到，或者技術(shù)已經(jīng)out of date.
（19）本月機(jī)經(jīng)5次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)8次
The following appeared as part of a business plan by the Capital Idea Investment firm.
“Currently more and more books are becoming available in electronic form — either free of charge on the Internet or for a very low price per book on CD-ROM.* People who would not pay bookstore prices will now have access to whatever book they want from their home or work computers. Consequently, literary classics are likely to be read more widely than ever before: 72 percent of those responding to a recent online survey said they would read books in electronic form, and 81 percent said they believed that reading classic works was important. Given this newly developing market, we should invest in E-Classics, a new company that sells electronic versions of literary classics.”
*A CD-ROM is a small portable disc capable of storing relatively large amounts of data that can be read by a computer.
報(bào)紙的圖書版的文章： 現(xiàn)在越來越多的書有了電子版，或者放在網(wǎng)上免費(fèi)獲得，或者在光盤上以很低的價(jià)格出售。因此文學(xué)經(jīng)典可以得到比以前更廣泛的閱讀。不能以書店價(jià)格購(gòu)買這些書的人現(xiàn)在可以用很少的錢或者不花錢來閱讀他們。類似的，覺得去圖書館或者等待其他人還書不方便的人現(xiàn)在可以通過家里或者工作用的電腦得到他想要的任何名著。這和文學(xué)名著接觸的增長(zhǎng)將從根本上影響公眾的閱讀品味，塑造比以前更成熟更博學(xué)的讀者。
（21）本月機(jī)經(jīng)4次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)1次
No.64 The following appeared in a memorandum from the director of human resources to the executive officers of
Company X:
“Last year, we surveyed our employees on improvements needed at Company X by having them rank, in order of importance, the issues presented in a list of possible improvements. Improved communications between employees and management was consistently ranked as the issue of highest importance by the employees who responded to the survey. As you know, we have since instituted regular communications sessions conducted by high-level management, which the employees can attend on a voluntary basis. Therefore, it is likely that most employees at Company X now feel that the improvement most needed at the company has been made.”
64. 人力資源經(jīng)理給X公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)主管的備忘錄：
去年，我們向員工調(diào)查他們認(rèn)為X公司應(yīng)該進(jìn)行的改進(jìn)，讓他們把改進(jìn)按重要性排列。結(jié)果列印為一張可能的改進(jìn)的表格。根據(jù)調(diào)查中員工的反應(yīng)，“加強(qiáng)員工和管理層的溝通”具重要性，穩(wěn)居調(diào)查表之首。如你所知，那以后我們建立了由高層管理人員組織，雇員可以自愿參加的常規(guī)交流會(huì)。因此，看來X的多數(shù)員工認(rèn)為應(yīng)該進(jìn)行的改進(jìn)已經(jīng)完成了。
（24）本月機(jī)經(jīng)2次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)5次
No.39 The following appeared in an Avia Airlines departmental memorandum:
“On average, 9 out of every 1,000 passengers who traveled on Avia Airlines last year filed a complaint about our baggage-handling procedures. This means that although some 1 percent of our passengers were unhappy with those procedures, the overwhelming majority were quite satisfied with them; thus it would appear that a review of the procedures is not important to our goal of maintaining or increasing the number of Avia’s passengers.”
40. Avia航空的部門備忘錄：
平均地，去年乘坐Avia的1000個(gè)乘客中有9個(gè)針對(duì)我們的行李處理流程寫了投訴信。這說明雖然有大約1%的乘客對(duì)這一流程表示不滿，乘客的主體對(duì)它還是滿意的。所以對(duì)流程的重新審查對(duì)我們要保持和提高Avia的乘客數(shù)這一目標(biāo)不是很重要的。
提供觀點(diǎn)：
1去年是這樣今年呢以后呢？
2很有可能是乘客對(duì)服務(wù)不滿意卻沒時(shí)間正式申訴
3和別的航空公司比較如何seriousness trivailize
1， 沒有complaint不代表沒有不滿。
2， 沒有跟其他公司對(duì)比，同時(shí)并不知道總數(shù)。
（26）本月機(jī)經(jīng)4次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)2次
No.11 The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.
“In the first four years that Montoya has served as mayor of the city of San Perdito, the population has decreased and the unemployment rate has increased. Two businesses have closed for each new business that has opened. Under Varro, who served as mayor for four years before Montoya, the unemployment rate decreased and the population increased. Clearly, the residents of San Perdito would be best served if they voted Montoya out of office and reelected Varro.”
12. 地方性報(bào)紙的編者按：
在Montoya當(dāng)San Perdito市長(zhǎng)的頭4年里，人口下降而失業(yè)率上升。每當(dāng)一個(gè)新企業(yè)開業(yè)，就有兩個(gè)舊的關(guān)門。而在Montoya之前Uarro當(dāng)市長(zhǎng)的4年里，失業(yè)率下降人口增長(zhǎng)。很明顯，San Perdito的居民重新選舉Varro而非Montoya會(huì)得到更好的服務(wù)。
（28）本月機(jī)經(jīng)1次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)3次
No.104：The following appeared as part of a memorandum from the loan department of the Frostbite National Bank:
“We should not approve the business loan application of the local group that wants to open a franchise outlet for the Kool Kone chain of ice cream parlors. Frostbite is known for its cold winters, and cold weather can mean slow ice cream sales. For example, even though Frostbite is a town of 10,000 people, it has only one ice cream spot—the Frigid Cow. Despite the lack of competition, the Frigid Cow’s net revenues fell by 10 percent last winter.”
110. Frostbite國(guó)家銀行的借貸部門的備忘錄：
我們不應(yīng)該批準(zhǔn)那個(gè)希望開一家KK冰激凌連鎖店的特許店的本地團(tuán)體的借貸請(qǐng)求。Frostbite以其寒冷的冬天而聞名，而冷天氣意味著冰激凌的銷售不利。比如，雖然Frostbite是個(gè)有10000人的鎮(zhèn)子，它卻只有一家冰激凌店Frigid Cow。盡管缺乏競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，F(xiàn)rigid Cow的凈收入去年冬天下降了10％。
（30）本月機(jī)經(jīng)2次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)3次
No.99 or 101 The following appeared in an editorial from a newspaper serving the town of Saluda.
“The Saluda Consolidated High School offers over 200 different courses from which its students can choose. A much smaller private school down the street offers a basic curriculum of only 80 different courses, but it consistently sends a higher proportion of its graduating seniors on to college than Consolidated does. By eliminating at least half of the courses offered there and focusing on a basic curriculum, we could improve student performance at Consolidated and also save many tax dollars.”
105. Saluda鎮(zhèn)的報(bào)紙的編者按：
Saluda統(tǒng)一高中提過超過200中不同的課程供它的學(xué)生選擇。路那頭一所小的多的私立學(xué)校提供80種基本的課程，但是它的畢業(yè)生升入大學(xué)的比例始終比統(tǒng)一高中要高。去除至少一半的課程而著眼于基本課程，我們可以改善統(tǒng)一高中學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)并省下稅收收入。
典型的錯(cuò)誤類比, 還攻擊了錯(cuò)誤因果, 和 不見得drop in number of courses will save tax.
我想的理由是條件沒有論證，沒有排除他因，樣本太少不具有代表性
（32）本月機(jī)經(jīng)1次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)2次
No.39 The following appeared in the editorial section of a campus newspaper.
“Because occupancy rates for campus housing fell during the last academic year, so did housing revenues. To solve the problem, campus housing officials should reduce the number of available housing units, thereby increasing the occupancy rates. Also, to keep students from choosing to live off-campus, housing officials should lower the rents, thereby increasing demand.”
39. 校園報(bào)紙的社論：
因?yàn)樾@住宅的使用率在過去的學(xué)年中下降了，住宅收入也下降了。為了解決這個(gè)問題，校園住宅辦公室應(yīng)該減少可使用的住宅單元，從而增加使用率。同樣的，為了不讓學(xué)生選擇住在校外，住宅辦公室應(yīng)該降低租金來擴(kuò)大需求。
提供觀點(diǎn)：
1、入住率和房租收入非因果關(guān)系（房租收入下降也可能是趕上經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退租房市場(chǎng)低迷、學(xué)生招收人數(shù)減少等）
2、降低房租不一定能吸引更多的學(xué)生（價(jià)格不是因素，存在其他因素如住宿條件、學(xué)校管制太嚴(yán)等）
3、提高入住率不一定能提高收入（尤其是在利用降低房租這個(gè)手段時(shí)，增加的入住量不一定能彌補(bǔ)降低房租帶來的損失）
（34）本月機(jī)經(jīng)1次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)1次
No.96 The following appeared as part of an article in a computer magazine.
”A year ago Apex Manufacturing bought its managers computers for their homes and paid for telephone connections so that the managers could access Apex computers and data files from home after normal business hours. Since last year, productivity at Apex has increased by 15 percent. Other companies can learn from the success at Apex: given home computers and access to company resources, employees will work additional hours at home and thereby increase company profits.”
96. 電腦雜志的文章：
一年前Apex制造公司給它的經(jīng)理們?cè)诩屹I了電腦，并支付電話費(fèi)，這樣他們就可以在工作時(shí)間以外從家里連接到Apex的電腦和數(shù)據(jù)文件。從去年開始，Apex的生產(chǎn)能力增長(zhǎng)了15%。其他公司可以借鑒Apex的成功，提供家用電腦和到公司資源的鏈接，雇員會(huì)在家里加班并提高公司利潤(rùn)。
（36）本月機(jī)經(jīng)1次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)7次
No.106 or 108. "Research indicates that those who exercise regularly are hospitalized less than half as often as those who don’t exercise. By providing a well-equipped gym for Saluda’s municipal employees, we should be able to reduce the cost of our group health insurance coverage by approximately 50 percent and thereby achieve a balanced town budget."
Argument: 根據(jù)一份research的調(diào)查顯示，exercise regularly people hospitalized 的幾率比 do not exercise 的people 小一半。因此
AA: 一個(gè)研究說鍛煉的人去醫(yī)院的次數(shù)少50％，所以城市要建健身設(shè)施，可以減少醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)投入50％，減少城市財(cái)政赤字。
提供觀點(diǎn)：
1. There is no causal relationship between the development of the employees’ health and the provision of a well-equipped gym.
2. Therefore, the reduction of the cost of group health insurance coverage expected by the author is not guaranteed.
3. Even if the provision of the gym can cause a reduction of the cost, no one can rely on it to achieve a balanced town budget since the health incidents occur very randomly.
（38）本月機(jī)經(jīng)2次 上月機(jī)經(jīng)5次
V1. Crow’s head company什么的 五年前衣服銷量不錯(cuò) 打算再開125家分店什么的。。然后說顧客一定會(huì)買因?yàn)樗麄兊腃EO是rock star 然后有個(gè)management team pursue expansion 還有個(gè)原因。。失憶了。。。。
我用的是過去推現(xiàn)在，無理假設(shè)
V2. 說一個(gè)clothes的company 在前4年銷售很不錯(cuò)，所以計(jì)劃自己新開 125retail store， 自己管理，然后說因?yàn)轭櫩蜁?huì)感覺到公司在expansion 所以會(huì)來買，而且ceo of this company is a former rock star，所以相信這個(gè)計(jì)劃會(huì)成功。
考古
V1一個(gè)新的服裝企業(yè) 發(fā)展五年要開自己的retail store ，作者建議clients 購(gòu)進(jìn)這個(gè)企業(yè)的衣服，因?yàn)橛泻軓?qiáng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，而且CEO是原來很有名氣的rock star （我總覺得是艾薇兒的那個(gè)clothes line）
V2.某集團(tuán)的某產(chǎn)品在一些連里面銷售不錯(cuò)。所以他們計(jì)劃打算自己賣（在超市里面）。有一個(gè)投資經(jīng)理忽悠客戶叫他們趕緊買這家公司的股票。因?yàn)樯厦娴脑颉＿€有一個(gè)更搞笑的，該公司CEO是“前”搖滾明星。具有recognition知名度，能號(hào)召Young什么的購(gòu)買力。
V3.講的是一個(gè)young rising company 擴(kuò)張了自己的業(yè)務(wù)，并且為了company的成功給出了兩種預(yù)測(cè)——第一個(gè)是由于員工的極力推薦，可以使這個(gè)這個(gè)公司的發(fā)展獲得成功。第二個(gè)是由于該company 的CEO是一個(gè)rock star，通過該CEO的star power也可以促使這個(gè)young rising company 獲得成功
V4.說有間clothing is the new trend for youth apparel，然后financial analyst 建議investment firm to purchase this company based on the following。
因?yàn)椋?.the company has been profitable in past 5 years 2.management has been very aggressive in expansion. They plan to open 125 stores this year 3. CEO is a former rock star and the album has been the top sales. The star power will be Influential