a. Credits, by their nature, are separate transactions from the sales or other contract(s) on which they may be based and banks are in no way concerned with or bound by such contract(s), even if any reference whatsoever to such contract(s) is included in the Credit. Consequently, the undertaking of a bank to pay, accept and pay Draft(s) or negotiate and/or to fulfill any other obligation under the Credit is not subject to claims or defenses by the Applicant resulting from his relationships with the Issuing Bank or the Beneficiary.
b. Beneficiary can in no case avail himself of the contractual relationships existing between the banks or between the Applicant and the Issuing Bank.
Article 15. Disclaimer on Effectiveness of Documents
Banks assume no liability or responsibility for the form, sufficiency, accuracy, genuineness, falsification or legal effect of any document(s), or for the general and/or particular conditions stipulated in the document(s) or superimposed thereon; nor do they assume any liability or responsibility for the description, quantity, weight, quality, condition, packing, delivery, value or existence of the goods represented by any document(s), or for the good faith or acts and/or omissions, solvency, performance or standing of the consignors, the carriers, the forwarders, the consignees or the insurers of the goods, or any other person whomsoever.
UCP500第三條、第十五條的規(guī)定使得信用證除了“銀行第一性付款責任”外，具有另外兩點特性，即“信用證的獨立自足性”和“表面真實單據(jù)化業(yè)務”。這就是說信用證一經(jīng)開立便獨立于基礎合同之外，即使基礎合同無效，也不影響信用證的支付，只要單據(jù)符合信用證的要求，開證行不能援引信用證之外的原因拒付貨款。銀行處理的僅是單據(jù)，在審單時時只要“單單相符”、“單證相符”，就應無條件支付（包括承兌）貨款。銀行對任何單據(jù)的形式、完整性、準確性、真實性、虛假性或法律效力，或對于單據(jù)中載明或附加的一般及/或特殊條件，概不負責；銀行對任何單據(jù)中有關貨物的描述、數(shù)量、重量、品質、狀況、包裝、交貨、價值或存在，或對貨物發(fā)貨人、 承運人 、運輸行、收貨人、或貨物的保險人或其他任何人的誠信或行為及/或疏忽、清償能力、行為能力或資信狀況，概不負責。銀行的這種審查只限于表面，而沒有去實質審查單據(jù)真實性的義務。
正是信用證這兩點特性給欺詐者留下了可乘之機。賣方可能沒能按照買方的要求完成合同，甚至根本就沒有去履行合同，但只要能向銀行提供信用證項下要求的單據(jù)（在高科技條件下，連法定貨幣也難逃被偽造之厄，何況并不復雜的單據(jù)），賣方就能獲得銀行的付款。而銀行據(jù)此原則免責，受害的便只有買方。
b. Beneficiary can in no case avail himself of the contractual relationships existing between the banks or between the Applicant and the Issuing Bank.
Article 15. Disclaimer on Effectiveness of Documents
Banks assume no liability or responsibility for the form, sufficiency, accuracy, genuineness, falsification or legal effect of any document(s), or for the general and/or particular conditions stipulated in the document(s) or superimposed thereon; nor do they assume any liability or responsibility for the description, quantity, weight, quality, condition, packing, delivery, value or existence of the goods represented by any document(s), or for the good faith or acts and/or omissions, solvency, performance or standing of the consignors, the carriers, the forwarders, the consignees or the insurers of the goods, or any other person whomsoever.
UCP500第三條、第十五條的規(guī)定使得信用證除了“銀行第一性付款責任”外，具有另外兩點特性，即“信用證的獨立自足性”和“表面真實單據(jù)化業(yè)務”。這就是說信用證一經(jīng)開立便獨立于基礎合同之外，即使基礎合同無效，也不影響信用證的支付，只要單據(jù)符合信用證的要求，開證行不能援引信用證之外的原因拒付貨款。銀行處理的僅是單據(jù)，在審單時時只要“單單相符”、“單證相符”，就應無條件支付（包括承兌）貨款。銀行對任何單據(jù)的形式、完整性、準確性、真實性、虛假性或法律效力，或對于單據(jù)中載明或附加的一般及/或特殊條件，概不負責；銀行對任何單據(jù)中有關貨物的描述、數(shù)量、重量、品質、狀況、包裝、交貨、價值或存在，或對貨物發(fā)貨人、 承運人 、運輸行、收貨人、或貨物的保險人或其他任何人的誠信或行為及/或疏忽、清償能力、行為能力或資信狀況，概不負責。銀行的這種審查只限于表面，而沒有去實質審查單據(jù)真實性的義務。
正是信用證這兩點特性給欺詐者留下了可乘之機。賣方可能沒能按照買方的要求完成合同，甚至根本就沒有去履行合同，但只要能向銀行提供信用證項下要求的單據(jù)（在高科技條件下，連法定貨幣也難逃被偽造之厄，何況并不復雜的單據(jù)），賣方就能獲得銀行的付款。而銀行據(jù)此原則免責，受害的便只有買方。