[導讀]2011年職稱英語考試將在3月26日進行，為幫助大家在后2周時間更好的復習，編輯特地整理2011年職稱英語閱讀理解新增文章(綜合類)，希望對大家有所幫助。
2011年職稱英語閱讀理解新增文章(綜合類)
一. 2011年職稱英語閱讀理解新增文章(綜合類)：第八篇 The State of Marriage Today
Is there something seriously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded: almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now, and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse. If this trend continues, it will lead to the breakup of the family, according to a spokesperson for the National Family Association. Some futurists predict that in 100 years, the average American will many at least four times, and extramarital affairs will be even more common than they are now.
But what are the reasons for this, and is the picture really so gloomy? The answer to the first question is really quite simple: marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need. Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands as they usually didn't have jobs outside the home. But with the rising number of women in well-paying jobs, this is no longer the case, so they don't feel that the5 need to stay in a failing marriage.
In answer to the second question, the outlook may not be as pessimistic as it seems, While the rate of divorce has risen, the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much, so marriage is still quite popular. In addition to this. many couples now cohabit and don't bother to marry. These couples are effectively married, but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics. In fact, more than 50% of firs marriages survive. The statistics are deceptive because there is a higher number of divorces in second and third marriages than in first marriages.
So is marriage really an outdated institution? The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn't. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people: they suffer less from stress and its consequences, such as heart problems, and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!
練習：
1. Which is true about the problem of marriage in the United States today?
A) Divorce leads to the breakup of the family.
B) Half of the married couples get divorced.
C) American people marry more than four times.
D) More and more people are getting divorced.
2. What does "this is no longer the case" in paragraph two mean?
A) It is not necessary to get married any more.
B) Women do not need a husband any longer.
C) Women are not economically dependant any more.
D) Many wives do well-paying jobs outside home now.
3. Why may the outlook of marriage not be as gloomy as it appears?
A) Many people still like to get married.
B) The rate of divorce has actually decreased.
C) Over 50% of the marriages continue to exist.
D) The statistics of divorce is not quite true.
4. How do people usually feel in their marriage life?
A) They are much healthier.
B) They feel no longer single.
C) They are more satisfied.
D) They suffer a lot less.
5. Which of the following about marriage is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A) There will be more relationships outside marriage.
B) Many people try to get married again after divorce.
C) Marriage has long been partly an economical need.
D) It is a fact that most people choose to get married.
第八篇 當代婚姻
如今的婚姻出什么嚴重問題了嗎？在過去50年中，美國的離婚率暴漲：現(xiàn)在幾乎50%的婚姻以離婚告終，證據(jù)顯示，情況還將持續(xù)惡化。據(jù)美國國家聯(lián)合會的發(fā)言人稱，如果這種趨勢持續(xù)下去，將導致家庭的破裂。一些未來學家預測，100年后的美國人將平均至少結(jié)四次婚，而婚外戀甚至將比現(xiàn)在更為普遍。
那問題的原因是什么？現(xiàn)狀真的如此糟糕嗎？第一個問題的答案十分簡單：婚姻早已不像它過去那樣非有不可了。從好些年前開始，經(jīng)濟需求已經(jīng)只是婚姻的部分基礎(chǔ)。過去，由于女性除了家庭以外沒有任何工作，她們常常在經(jīng)濟上依賴丈夫?，F(xiàn)在，隨著高薪女性的增多，情況也已經(jīng)改變。因此，她們覺得沒有必要被一段失敗的婚姻捆住手腳。
回答第二個問題，前景似乎不像它看起來那么令人悲觀。盡管離婚率升高，但世紀結(jié)婚率并沒有下降，所以說結(jié)婚還是挺流行的。除此之外，現(xiàn)在許多戀人同居但并不急著領(lǐng)證。這些人事實上已經(jīng)結(jié)婚，但他們卻是統(tǒng)計結(jié)婚與離婚率的盲區(qū)。超過50%的第婚姻實際上是成功的。之前數(shù)據(jù)的欺騙性在于二度與三度婚姻的離婚率要高于首次婚姻。
婚姻真的過時了嗎？大多數(shù)人仍會結(jié)婚，這一事實證明不是這樣的。而且事實上婚后夫妻比單身過著更健康的生活：他們壓力較小，因壓力產(chǎn)生的諸如心臟問題也相應減少。而且，婚后男性總體上較之配偶更為滿意。也許，關(guān)鍵在于找出成功婚姻背后的秘訣并把它運用到我們所有人與人的關(guān)系中去。
二. 2011年職稱英語閱讀理解新增文章(綜合類)：第三十八篇 Excessive Demands on Young People
Being able to multitask is hailed by most people as a welcome skill, but not according to a recent study which claims that young people between the ages of eight and eighteen of the so-called Generation M1 are spending a considerable amount of their time in fruitless efforts as they multitask. It argues that, in fact, these young people are frittering away as much as half of their time again as they would if they performed the very same tasks one after the other.
Some young people are juggling an ever larger number of electronic devices as they study. At the same time that they are working, young adults are also surfing on the Internet, or sending out emails to their friends, and/or answering the telephone and listening to music on their iPods2 or on another computer. As some new device comes along it too is added to the list rather than replacing one of the existing devices.
Other research has indicated that this multitasking is even affecting the way families themselves function as young people are too wrapped up3 in their own isolated worlds to interact with the other people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house nor can they eat at the family table.
All this electronic wizardry is supposedly also seriously affecting young people's performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their perception of the impact of modem gadgets on their performance of tasks, the overwhelming majority of young people gave a favourable response.
The response from the academic and business worlds was not quite as positive. The former feel that multitasking with electronic gadgets by children affects later development of study skills, resulting in a decline in the quality of writing, for example, because of the lack of concentration on task completion. They feel that many undergraduates now urgently need remedial help with study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the work force need to be taught all over again, as they have become deskilled.
While all this may be true, it must be borne in mind4 that more and more is expected of young people nowadays; in fact, too much. Praise rather than criticism is due in respect of5 the way today's youth are able to cope despite what the older generation throw at them.
1. According to a recent study, what is probably true about the multitasking Generation M?
A) They are highly commended for being so effective and efficient.
B) They waste more time than they should save. contrary to common assumptions.
C) They should prioritize and focus on the most important tasks on hand.
D) They need to improve their organizational skills so as to complete all their tasks.
2. With the advent of new gadgets, what will happen to Generation M's present e-devices?
A) They make way for the latest and greatest and are retired by the young people.
B) They are put away temporarily but stay in rotation for their owners to choose from.
C) They become part of the ever increasing collection of novelties.
D) They are either sold or traded so that their owners can update their toys and hobbies.
3. How will multitasking affect Generation M adversely?
A) It makes them feel lonely and pitiful.
B) It makes them aloof and elusive to family and friends.
C) It makes them selfish and possessive.
D) It makes them impolite and ungrateful.
4. What is the biggest problem for multitasking undergraduates in universities?
A) They should adjust their academic attitudes seriously.
B) They should seek psychological professionals for assistance.
C) They should take some crash courses to catch up with their classmates.
D) They should try harder to focus on one task before moving on to the next.
5. In dealing with today's youth, what approach should parents take?
A) Be supportive and understanding.
B) Be realistic and lower their expectations
C) Be encouraging and let their children stick to their old habits.
D) Be patient and hope everything will work out just fine eventually.
第三十八篇 對年輕人的過高期望
許多人對能同時兼顧幾樣工作的本領(lǐng)贊譽有加。然而近研究卻發(fā)現(xiàn)，八歲到十八歲，被稱為“多媒體時代”的年輕人在同時進行多種任務的過程中常常事倍功半、了無成果。研究認為，正像依次完成各個任務一樣，這些年輕人仍舊浪費了一半時間。
有些年輕人在學習時還同時使用著很多電子產(chǎn)品。在學習的同時，他們還在上網(wǎng)、給朋友發(fā)郵件、打電話、聽MP3或者另一臺電腦上的歌。隨著新產(chǎn)品的出現(xiàn)，他們的電子設備的數(shù)量還會不斷增加。
另一項調(diào)查還顯示：封閉的自身孤立世界里的年輕人，他們與周圍人越發(fā)疏于交流。這種“兼顧”甚至影響了正常的家庭生活——年輕人到家后不再向家人問號，吃飯時也不同家人坐在一起。
人們認為在電子產(chǎn)品中的如魚得水還嚴重影響了年輕人的在學業(yè)和工作上的表現(xiàn)。但當被問及現(xiàn)代科技產(chǎn)品對于他們工作表現(xiàn)的影響，絕大多數(shù)都認為是都是正面的。
然而不論學校公司都對此去沒有好感。前者認為同時使用多種電子設備會影響兒童日后學習能力的發(fā)展，比如由缺乏完成任務的集中力而導致的寫作水平下降。他們認為許多本科生都需要惡補學習技能這一課。與此相似，雇主也認為作為職場新人的年輕一代因為能力欠缺需要重新培訓。
即使以上都是現(xiàn)實情況，也必須承認今天的年輕人被寄予越來越高的期望，實際上是太高了。他們能夠應對老一輩對他們的任何要求，對此我們更應該贊許而非批評。
三. 2011年職稱英語閱讀理解新增文章(綜合類)：第四十七篇 Spoilt for Choice
Choice, we are given to1 believe, is a right. In daily life, people have come to expect endless situations about which they are required to make decisions one way or another. In the main2, these are just irksome moments at work which demand some extra energy or brainpower, or during lunch breaks like choosing which type of coffee to order or indeed which coffee shop to go to. But sometimes selecting one option as opposed to another can have serious or lifelong repercussions. More complex decision-making is then either avoided, postponed, or put into the hands of the army of professionals, Iifestyle coaches, lawyers, advisors, and the like. waiting to lighten the emotional burden for a fee2. But for a good many4 people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, created by companies and advertisers wanting to sell their wares5.
The main impact of endless choice in people's lives is anxiety. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of consumer goods induces a sense of powerlessness, even paralysis, in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away6, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted in order to solve the problem and reduce the unease. Recent surveys in the United Kingdom have shown that a sizeable proportion of electrical goods bought per household are not really needed. The advertisers and the shareholders of the manufacturers are, nonetheless, satisfied.
It is not just their availability that is the problem, but the speed with which new versions of products come on the market. Advances in design and production mean that new items are almost ready by the time that goods hit the shelves7. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The classic example is computers which are almost obsolete once they are bought. At first, there were only one or two available from a limited number of manufacturers, but now there are many companies all with not only their own products but different versions of the same machine. This makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease. into a shop and buy one thing8; no choice, no anxiety.
The plethora of choice is not limited to consumer items. With the greater mobility of people around the world, people have more choice about where they want to live and work — a fairly recent phenomenon. In the past, nations migrated across huge swathes of the earth in search of food, adventure, and more hospitable environments. Whole nations crossed continents and changed the face of history, So the mobility of people is nothing new. The creation of nation states and borders9 effectively slowed this process down. But what is different now is the speed at which migration is happening.
練習：
1. What is the difference between the decision to shop in a certain supermarket and the decision to drop out of college according to the first paragraph?
A) The former is a right while the latter is not.
B) The latter has more impact on life.
C) The former may happen for many times in life.
D) The latter requires a fee.
2. When people can not easily decide what to buy, what is the least possible choice?
A) Give up.
B) Walk away.
C) Buy an unsuitable item.
D) Seek advice.
3. Why do products have short lifespan nowadays?
A) They are more often replaced with better ones.
B) They have worse quality.
C) They have too many versions.
D) Computer technology advances too fast.
4. How does migration differ from the past?
A) People now migrate across the whole earth.
B) People now migrate for better life.
C) People now have more choice about where to migrate.
D) People now migrate for better environment.
5. Which is the best summary of the writer's attitude towards choice in a commercial society?
A) More choice, more anxiety.
B) Better more choice than no choice.
C) Better no choice than more choice.
D) All choice is not easy.
第四十七篇 多不勝選
通常我們認為選擇是一種權(quán)利。在日常生活中，人們已經(jīng)習慣了在數(shù)不勝數(shù)的情境中做出種種選擇。但是基本說來，這些選擇要么是些需要更多精力的惱人活計，要么就是決定午餐時間喝什么咖啡、去哪家店。然而有時，這種舍此取彼卻具有重大甚至是對眾生的影響。因此在面對困難的抉擇時，人們要么躲躲閃閃，有意拖延，要么把選擇的權(quán)利交給形形色色的專業(yè)人士，像生活方式指導、律師、顧問或其他類似的人；這些人也正等著人們付費求助他們減輕心理負擔呢。但無論富國窮國，對于世界上的許多人來說，能夠選擇并非一項權(quán)利，而是一件奢侈品。有些人以為自己在行使選擇權(quán)，但這一整套體制那 不過是企業(yè)和廣告商為了賣出商品所制造的幻想。
繁多的選擇對人們生活的主要影響是引起了焦慮。連買像咖啡壺這樣的東西都變得困難起來。生活消費品隨處可見、花色繁多、許多人卻感到無力，甚至遲鈍，不是離開商店放棄選擇，就是買了并不需要的東西，既沒解決問題，也沒覺得心里舒服。近在英國的調(diào)查顯示家電中為數(shù)可觀的一部分都不是必須的。然而這讓工廠的股東和廣告商大為滿意。
商品的琳瑯滿目不是問題所在，問題是新產(chǎn)品的上市速度。設計和生產(chǎn)的進步意味著商品剛剛上市，新商品就已經(jīng)蓄勢待發(fā)。電腦是經(jīng)典的例子，剛剛買下就面臨過時。以前只有有限的幾家廠商，總共銷售的也只有一兩臺?，F(xiàn)在不僅公司多了，同一款的電腦都有好幾種樣式。這樣一來選擇就成了問題。走進一家商店輕輕松松買到東西的日子一去不復返了；那是沒有太多的選擇，也就沒有了焦慮。
并不只是在消費品中存在選擇過多的問題。在世界范圍內(nèi)，人口流動性的增強使人們對于生活、工作地也有了更多選擇——這是一個近才有的現(xiàn)象。過去，國家為探險、尋找食物或更適宜的環(huán)境，會舉國穿越廣袤的土地。當所有國家穿越大陸，歷史的面貌便改變了。因此人口流動不是什么新鮮事兒。國家和疆界的建立有效減緩了這一過程，但不同僅在于遷移的速度。
四. 2011年職稱英語閱讀理解新增文章(綜合類)：參考答案
1. 第八篇
1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B
2. 第三十八篇
1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A
3. 第四十七篇
1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．A
以上是編輯整理的2011年職稱英語閱讀理解新增文章(綜合類)，預祝大家考試順利通過！
2011年職稱英語閱讀理解新增文章(綜合類)
一. 2011年職稱英語閱讀理解新增文章(綜合類)：第八篇 The State of Marriage Today
Is there something seriously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded: almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now, and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse. If this trend continues, it will lead to the breakup of the family, according to a spokesperson for the National Family Association. Some futurists predict that in 100 years, the average American will many at least four times, and extramarital affairs will be even more common than they are now.
But what are the reasons for this, and is the picture really so gloomy? The answer to the first question is really quite simple: marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need. Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands as they usually didn't have jobs outside the home. But with the rising number of women in well-paying jobs, this is no longer the case, so they don't feel that the5 need to stay in a failing marriage.
In answer to the second question, the outlook may not be as pessimistic as it seems, While the rate of divorce has risen, the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much, so marriage is still quite popular. In addition to this. many couples now cohabit and don't bother to marry. These couples are effectively married, but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics. In fact, more than 50% of firs marriages survive. The statistics are deceptive because there is a higher number of divorces in second and third marriages than in first marriages.
So is marriage really an outdated institution? The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn't. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people: they suffer less from stress and its consequences, such as heart problems, and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!
練習：
1. Which is true about the problem of marriage in the United States today?
A) Divorce leads to the breakup of the family.
B) Half of the married couples get divorced.
C) American people marry more than four times.
D) More and more people are getting divorced.
2. What does "this is no longer the case" in paragraph two mean?
A) It is not necessary to get married any more.
B) Women do not need a husband any longer.
C) Women are not economically dependant any more.
D) Many wives do well-paying jobs outside home now.
3. Why may the outlook of marriage not be as gloomy as it appears?
A) Many people still like to get married.
B) The rate of divorce has actually decreased.
C) Over 50% of the marriages continue to exist.
D) The statistics of divorce is not quite true.
4. How do people usually feel in their marriage life?
A) They are much healthier.
B) They feel no longer single.
C) They are more satisfied.
D) They suffer a lot less.
5. Which of the following about marriage is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A) There will be more relationships outside marriage.
B) Many people try to get married again after divorce.
C) Marriage has long been partly an economical need.
D) It is a fact that most people choose to get married.
第八篇 當代婚姻
如今的婚姻出什么嚴重問題了嗎？在過去50年中，美國的離婚率暴漲：現(xiàn)在幾乎50%的婚姻以離婚告終，證據(jù)顯示，情況還將持續(xù)惡化。據(jù)美國國家聯(lián)合會的發(fā)言人稱，如果這種趨勢持續(xù)下去，將導致家庭的破裂。一些未來學家預測，100年后的美國人將平均至少結(jié)四次婚，而婚外戀甚至將比現(xiàn)在更為普遍。
那問題的原因是什么？現(xiàn)狀真的如此糟糕嗎？第一個問題的答案十分簡單：婚姻早已不像它過去那樣非有不可了。從好些年前開始，經(jīng)濟需求已經(jīng)只是婚姻的部分基礎(chǔ)。過去，由于女性除了家庭以外沒有任何工作，她們常常在經(jīng)濟上依賴丈夫?，F(xiàn)在，隨著高薪女性的增多，情況也已經(jīng)改變。因此，她們覺得沒有必要被一段失敗的婚姻捆住手腳。
回答第二個問題，前景似乎不像它看起來那么令人悲觀。盡管離婚率升高，但世紀結(jié)婚率并沒有下降，所以說結(jié)婚還是挺流行的。除此之外，現(xiàn)在許多戀人同居但并不急著領(lǐng)證。這些人事實上已經(jīng)結(jié)婚，但他們卻是統(tǒng)計結(jié)婚與離婚率的盲區(qū)。超過50%的第婚姻實際上是成功的。之前數(shù)據(jù)的欺騙性在于二度與三度婚姻的離婚率要高于首次婚姻。
婚姻真的過時了嗎？大多數(shù)人仍會結(jié)婚，這一事實證明不是這樣的。而且事實上婚后夫妻比單身過著更健康的生活：他們壓力較小，因壓力產(chǎn)生的諸如心臟問題也相應減少。而且，婚后男性總體上較之配偶更為滿意。也許，關(guān)鍵在于找出成功婚姻背后的秘訣并把它運用到我們所有人與人的關(guān)系中去。
二. 2011年職稱英語閱讀理解新增文章(綜合類)：第三十八篇 Excessive Demands on Young People
Being able to multitask is hailed by most people as a welcome skill, but not according to a recent study which claims that young people between the ages of eight and eighteen of the so-called Generation M1 are spending a considerable amount of their time in fruitless efforts as they multitask. It argues that, in fact, these young people are frittering away as much as half of their time again as they would if they performed the very same tasks one after the other.
Some young people are juggling an ever larger number of electronic devices as they study. At the same time that they are working, young adults are also surfing on the Internet, or sending out emails to their friends, and/or answering the telephone and listening to music on their iPods2 or on another computer. As some new device comes along it too is added to the list rather than replacing one of the existing devices.
Other research has indicated that this multitasking is even affecting the way families themselves function as young people are too wrapped up3 in their own isolated worlds to interact with the other people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house nor can they eat at the family table.
All this electronic wizardry is supposedly also seriously affecting young people's performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their perception of the impact of modem gadgets on their performance of tasks, the overwhelming majority of young people gave a favourable response.
The response from the academic and business worlds was not quite as positive. The former feel that multitasking with electronic gadgets by children affects later development of study skills, resulting in a decline in the quality of writing, for example, because of the lack of concentration on task completion. They feel that many undergraduates now urgently need remedial help with study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the work force need to be taught all over again, as they have become deskilled.
While all this may be true, it must be borne in mind4 that more and more is expected of young people nowadays; in fact, too much. Praise rather than criticism is due in respect of5 the way today's youth are able to cope despite what the older generation throw at them.
1. According to a recent study, what is probably true about the multitasking Generation M?
A) They are highly commended for being so effective and efficient.
B) They waste more time than they should save. contrary to common assumptions.
C) They should prioritize and focus on the most important tasks on hand.
D) They need to improve their organizational skills so as to complete all their tasks.
2. With the advent of new gadgets, what will happen to Generation M's present e-devices?
A) They make way for the latest and greatest and are retired by the young people.
B) They are put away temporarily but stay in rotation for their owners to choose from.
C) They become part of the ever increasing collection of novelties.
D) They are either sold or traded so that their owners can update their toys and hobbies.
3. How will multitasking affect Generation M adversely?
A) It makes them feel lonely and pitiful.
B) It makes them aloof and elusive to family and friends.
C) It makes them selfish and possessive.
D) It makes them impolite and ungrateful.
4. What is the biggest problem for multitasking undergraduates in universities?
A) They should adjust their academic attitudes seriously.
B) They should seek psychological professionals for assistance.
C) They should take some crash courses to catch up with their classmates.
D) They should try harder to focus on one task before moving on to the next.
5. In dealing with today's youth, what approach should parents take?
A) Be supportive and understanding.
B) Be realistic and lower their expectations
C) Be encouraging and let their children stick to their old habits.
D) Be patient and hope everything will work out just fine eventually.
第三十八篇 對年輕人的過高期望
許多人對能同時兼顧幾樣工作的本領(lǐng)贊譽有加。然而近研究卻發(fā)現(xiàn)，八歲到十八歲，被稱為“多媒體時代”的年輕人在同時進行多種任務的過程中常常事倍功半、了無成果。研究認為，正像依次完成各個任務一樣，這些年輕人仍舊浪費了一半時間。
有些年輕人在學習時還同時使用著很多電子產(chǎn)品。在學習的同時，他們還在上網(wǎng)、給朋友發(fā)郵件、打電話、聽MP3或者另一臺電腦上的歌。隨著新產(chǎn)品的出現(xiàn)，他們的電子設備的數(shù)量還會不斷增加。
另一項調(diào)查還顯示：封閉的自身孤立世界里的年輕人，他們與周圍人越發(fā)疏于交流。這種“兼顧”甚至影響了正常的家庭生活——年輕人到家后不再向家人問號，吃飯時也不同家人坐在一起。
人們認為在電子產(chǎn)品中的如魚得水還嚴重影響了年輕人的在學業(yè)和工作上的表現(xiàn)。但當被問及現(xiàn)代科技產(chǎn)品對于他們工作表現(xiàn)的影響，絕大多數(shù)都認為是都是正面的。
然而不論學校公司都對此去沒有好感。前者認為同時使用多種電子設備會影響兒童日后學習能力的發(fā)展，比如由缺乏完成任務的集中力而導致的寫作水平下降。他們認為許多本科生都需要惡補學習技能這一課。與此相似，雇主也認為作為職場新人的年輕一代因為能力欠缺需要重新培訓。
即使以上都是現(xiàn)實情況，也必須承認今天的年輕人被寄予越來越高的期望，實際上是太高了。他們能夠應對老一輩對他們的任何要求，對此我們更應該贊許而非批評。
三. 2011年職稱英語閱讀理解新增文章(綜合類)：第四十七篇 Spoilt for Choice
Choice, we are given to1 believe, is a right. In daily life, people have come to expect endless situations about which they are required to make decisions one way or another. In the main2, these are just irksome moments at work which demand some extra energy or brainpower, or during lunch breaks like choosing which type of coffee to order or indeed which coffee shop to go to. But sometimes selecting one option as opposed to another can have serious or lifelong repercussions. More complex decision-making is then either avoided, postponed, or put into the hands of the army of professionals, Iifestyle coaches, lawyers, advisors, and the like. waiting to lighten the emotional burden for a fee2. But for a good many4 people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, created by companies and advertisers wanting to sell their wares5.
The main impact of endless choice in people's lives is anxiety. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of consumer goods induces a sense of powerlessness, even paralysis, in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away6, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted in order to solve the problem and reduce the unease. Recent surveys in the United Kingdom have shown that a sizeable proportion of electrical goods bought per household are not really needed. The advertisers and the shareholders of the manufacturers are, nonetheless, satisfied.
It is not just their availability that is the problem, but the speed with which new versions of products come on the market. Advances in design and production mean that new items are almost ready by the time that goods hit the shelves7. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The classic example is computers which are almost obsolete once they are bought. At first, there were only one or two available from a limited number of manufacturers, but now there are many companies all with not only their own products but different versions of the same machine. This makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease. into a shop and buy one thing8; no choice, no anxiety.
The plethora of choice is not limited to consumer items. With the greater mobility of people around the world, people have more choice about where they want to live and work — a fairly recent phenomenon. In the past, nations migrated across huge swathes of the earth in search of food, adventure, and more hospitable environments. Whole nations crossed continents and changed the face of history, So the mobility of people is nothing new. The creation of nation states and borders9 effectively slowed this process down. But what is different now is the speed at which migration is happening.
練習：
1. What is the difference between the decision to shop in a certain supermarket and the decision to drop out of college according to the first paragraph?
A) The former is a right while the latter is not.
B) The latter has more impact on life.
C) The former may happen for many times in life.
D) The latter requires a fee.
2. When people can not easily decide what to buy, what is the least possible choice?
A) Give up.
B) Walk away.
C) Buy an unsuitable item.
D) Seek advice.
3. Why do products have short lifespan nowadays?
A) They are more often replaced with better ones.
B) They have worse quality.
C) They have too many versions.
D) Computer technology advances too fast.
4. How does migration differ from the past?
A) People now migrate across the whole earth.
B) People now migrate for better life.
C) People now have more choice about where to migrate.
D) People now migrate for better environment.
5. Which is the best summary of the writer's attitude towards choice in a commercial society?
A) More choice, more anxiety.
B) Better more choice than no choice.
C) Better no choice than more choice.
D) All choice is not easy.
第四十七篇 多不勝選
通常我們認為選擇是一種權(quán)利。在日常生活中，人們已經(jīng)習慣了在數(shù)不勝數(shù)的情境中做出種種選擇。但是基本說來，這些選擇要么是些需要更多精力的惱人活計，要么就是決定午餐時間喝什么咖啡、去哪家店。然而有時，這種舍此取彼卻具有重大甚至是對眾生的影響。因此在面對困難的抉擇時，人們要么躲躲閃閃，有意拖延，要么把選擇的權(quán)利交給形形色色的專業(yè)人士，像生活方式指導、律師、顧問或其他類似的人；這些人也正等著人們付費求助他們減輕心理負擔呢。但無論富國窮國，對于世界上的許多人來說，能夠選擇并非一項權(quán)利，而是一件奢侈品。有些人以為自己在行使選擇權(quán)，但這一整套體制那 不過是企業(yè)和廣告商為了賣出商品所制造的幻想。
繁多的選擇對人們生活的主要影響是引起了焦慮。連買像咖啡壺這樣的東西都變得困難起來。生活消費品隨處可見、花色繁多、許多人卻感到無力，甚至遲鈍，不是離開商店放棄選擇，就是買了并不需要的東西，既沒解決問題，也沒覺得心里舒服。近在英國的調(diào)查顯示家電中為數(shù)可觀的一部分都不是必須的。然而這讓工廠的股東和廣告商大為滿意。
商品的琳瑯滿目不是問題所在，問題是新產(chǎn)品的上市速度。設計和生產(chǎn)的進步意味著商品剛剛上市，新商品就已經(jīng)蓄勢待發(fā)。電腦是經(jīng)典的例子，剛剛買下就面臨過時。以前只有有限的幾家廠商，總共銷售的也只有一兩臺?，F(xiàn)在不僅公司多了，同一款的電腦都有好幾種樣式。這樣一來選擇就成了問題。走進一家商店輕輕松松買到東西的日子一去不復返了；那是沒有太多的選擇，也就沒有了焦慮。
并不只是在消費品中存在選擇過多的問題。在世界范圍內(nèi)，人口流動性的增強使人們對于生活、工作地也有了更多選擇——這是一個近才有的現(xiàn)象。過去，國家為探險、尋找食物或更適宜的環(huán)境，會舉國穿越廣袤的土地。當所有國家穿越大陸，歷史的面貌便改變了。因此人口流動不是什么新鮮事兒。國家和疆界的建立有效減緩了這一過程，但不同僅在于遷移的速度。
四. 2011年職稱英語閱讀理解新增文章(綜合類)：參考答案
1. 第八篇
1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B
2. 第三十八篇
1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A
3. 第四十七篇
1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．A
以上是編輯整理的2011年職稱英語閱讀理解新增文章(綜合類)，預祝大家考試順利通過！