[導(dǎo)讀]2011年職稱英語考試將在3月26日進(jìn)行，為幫助大家在后2周時(shí)間更好的復(fù)習(xí)，編輯特地整理2011年職稱英語理工類新增文章：完型填空，希望對大家有所幫助。
2011年職稱英語理工類新增文章：完型填空
一.2011年職稱英語理工類A級新增文章：完型填空
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more _1__ to go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyses the _2__ of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link _3__ good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for _4__ thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a _5__ in the results for the IQ test, and not strength. “Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung _6__ and that your brain gets plenty of _7__,” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. “This may be one of the reasons _8__ we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular _9__. We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”
By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been _10__ to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a _11__ IQ.
“We have also shown that those youngsters who _12__ their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,” says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre. “This being the case, physical _13__ is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests _14__ national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in _15__. Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.
1. A carefully B secretly C likely D happily
2. A answers B works C scores D results
3. A behind B between C among D without
4. A logical B critical C typical D positive
5. A place B game C role D trick
6. A capacity B disease C shape D treatment
7. A change B hydrogen C oxygen D memory
8. A what B why C how D where
9. A exercise B training C strength D movement
10. A able B clever C lucky D clear
11. A moderate B average C lower D higher
12. A ignore B improve C like D determine
13. A examination B labour C movement D education
14. A before B after C without D during
15. A marriage B life C residence D service
運(yùn)動(dòng)的年輕人智商更高
瑞典歌德堡大學(xué)健康科學(xué)研究院和該校校醫(yī)院的一項(xiàng)新研究表明，身體健康的年輕人智商更高，進(jìn)入大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的可能性也更高。
研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在美國國家科學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)上。這項(xiàng)研究的取樣樣本是1950-1976年入伍的120萬新兵。這些新兵報(bào)到時(shí)接受了體能測試和智能測試，研究人員對這兩類測試數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了分析。
研究表明，健康的體能和優(yōu)秀的只能測試結(jié)果之間的聯(lián)系很明顯。突出的就是科學(xué)思維和語言理解能力與身體健康有關(guān)。但是智商測試結(jié)果中只是健康在起作用，而與力量無關(guān)。“身體健康是指，一個(gè)人心肺功能好，能將充分的氧氣源源不斷地輸入給大腦，”瑞典歌德堡大學(xué)健康科學(xué)研究院教授和瑞典歌德堡大學(xué)健康科學(xué)研究院校醫(yī)院首席內(nèi)科醫(yī)師Michael Nilsson如是說，“也許這就是為什么智商測試結(jié)果與健康之間存在明顯聯(lián)系，而與肌肉力量無關(guān)的原因之一。我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)生長因子也很重要?！?BR> 通過研究雙胞胎的數(shù)據(jù)，研究人員可以得出結(jié)論，智商差異來自后天的環(huán)境因素而不是先天的基因，身體健康，智商越高。
“我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，在15-18歲之間加強(qiáng)身體鍛煉的青少年往往認(rèn)知能力也較強(qiáng)，”瑞典歌德堡大學(xué)健康科學(xué)研究院研究員，Aby健康中心醫(yī)師Maria Aberg說，“倘若情況果然如此，那么體育應(yīng)成為學(xué)校中重要的一門學(xué)科，而且如果我們想要學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)和其他理論學(xué)科，體育課是非常有必要的。”
研究人員還將新兵服兵役入伍報(bào)到時(shí)的體格測試和智商測試的結(jié)果與他們后來生活中的 社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位進(jìn)行了比較。那些18歲時(shí)身體健康的人學(xué)歷更高，很多都能勝任高要求的工作。
二.2011年職稱英語理工類B級新增文章：完型填空
Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in teens
While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to “self-medicate” against the blues, scientists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually __1_ depressive symptoms in some teens.
“This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived _2__ benefits of smoking among teens,” says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto. “_3__ cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating _4__ or to improve mood, in the long term we found that teens who started to smoke reported higher depressive symptoms.”
As part of the study, some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires _5__ their use of cigarettes of affect mood. Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools _6__ in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighborhoods.
Participants were divided into three _7__: never smokers; smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood or physical _8__; smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate. Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how often participants felt too tired to do things; had _9__ going to sleep or staying _10__; felt unhappy, sad, or depressed; felt hopeless about the future; felt vexed, antsy or tense; and worried too much about things.
“Smokers who used cigarettes as mood _11__ had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked,” says co-researcher Jennifer O’Loughlin, a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. “Our study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of _12__ depressive symptoms.”
The _13__ between depression and smoking exists _14__ among teens that use cigarettes to feel better. “It’s _15__ to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke,” says Dr. Chaiton.
1. A examine B increase C decrease D diagnose
2. A social B financial C emotional D political
3. A Whatever B Although C Whenever D S\What
4. A effects B methods C steps D directions
5. A beside B beyond C in D about
6. A exposed B expanded C located D detected
7. A groups B sets C species D versions
8. A world B activity C state D beauty
9. A time B courage C energy D trouble
10. A asleep B awake C still D silent
11. A reducers B improvers C creators D removers
12. A changing B identifying C developing D overcoming
13. A difference B association C cooperation D agreement
14. A occasionally B scarcely C probably D principally
15. A illogical B unscientific C meaningless D important
吸煙會(huì)加重青少年的抑郁情緒
有些青少年可能會(huì)一口接一口地吸煙來消除抑郁，進(jìn)行所謂的“自我治療”。然而加拿大Toronto和Montreal大學(xué)的科學(xué)家卻發(fā)現(xiàn)，事實(shí)上，吸煙會(huì)加重某些青少年的抑郁情緒。
“這項(xiàng)研究是檢驗(yàn)吸煙是否可以給青少年帶來精神歡愉的幾項(xiàng)研究之一，”首席研究員Michael Chaiton如是說，他是Toronto大學(xué)Ontario煙草研究組織的助理研究員， “盡管吸煙能在短時(shí)間能起到自我治療的作用，能振奮精神，但根據(jù)青少年自我報(bào)告的情況，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，從長遠(yuǎn)看，吸煙的青少年往往有更多的抑郁癥狀?！?BR> 這項(xiàng)研究的內(nèi)容之一是，約662名高中生完成一份包括20道問題的問卷，問卷的問題是關(guān)于吸煙對情緒的影響。入選的中學(xué)學(xué)生既有講法語的，也有講英語的，他們就讀的學(xué)校有城市的，也有鄉(xiāng)村的，并分布在高檔、中檔和低檔不同社區(qū)。
參與調(diào)查者分成三組：一組從不吸煙，一組吸煙但不是為了自我治療，調(diào)節(jié)情緒或者改善身體狀態(tài)，另一組是利用吸煙自我治療的吸煙者。參與者被問及下列問題：多久會(huì)感到倦怠不堪，不想做任何事；多久會(huì)出現(xiàn)難以入睡甚至不能入睡的情況；每隔多久會(huì)不開心、難過或沮喪；多久會(huì)出現(xiàn)對未來絕望的心態(tài)；每隔多久會(huì)感到煩惱緊張，對所有事情都過分焦慮。收集到的答案用來衡量抑郁癥狀的輕重。
“通過吸煙緩解抑郁的吸煙者比不吸煙的青少年更容易加重抑郁癥狀，”Montreal大學(xué)社會(huì)和預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)系教授，研究合作者Jennifer O’Loughlin總結(jié)說，“我們研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，問卷反饋回來的那些利用吸煙獲得精神慰籍的青少年更容易加重抑郁?！?BR> 抑郁和吸煙之間的聯(lián)系主要體現(xiàn)在那些利用吸煙愉悅心情的青少年身上?！爸档弥匾暤氖?，那些在問卷中反映吸煙能帶來精神安慰的青少年，他們在問卷中所得的抑郁評分也較高，”Chaiton博士說。
三.2011年職稱英語理工類C級新增文章：完型填空
What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?
What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was -91℃, which _1_ in Antarctica in 1983.
We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in _2__. Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about +120℃ to -120℃. The temperature depends upon _3__ you are in direct sunlight or shade. Obviously, -120 is colder than our body can safely endure. Thank NASA science for well-designed space __4_ that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.
The space temperatures just discussed affect only our area of the solar _5__. Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel away from the Sun. Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about -120℃. How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again, it depends upon your _6__. We are taught it is supposedly _7__ to have a temperature below absolute zero, which is -273℃, at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, whose names are Cornell and Wieman, have successfully cooled down a gas to a temperature barely _8__ absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their work—not a discovery, in this case.
Why is the two scientists’ work so important to science?
In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting _9__ about special light particles we now call photons. Bose had trouble _10__ other scientists to believe his theory. _11__ he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein’s calculations helped him theorize that atoms _12__ behave as Bose thought — but only at very cold temperatures.
Scientists have also discovered that _13__ atoms can help them make the world’s atomic clocks even more accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second _14__ six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time（d=v × t）. With the long distances involved in space _15__, we need to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.
1. A opened B occurred C opposed D operated
2. A Earth B space C planet D star
3. A whether B where C what D when
4. A foods B beds C tools D suits
5. A wind B energy C system D rays
6. A education B status C knowledge D location
7. A reasonable B wonderful C impossible D necessary
8. A above B below C within D beyond
9. A invention B theory C paper D experiment
10. A convincing B begging C ordering D forcing
11. A and B though C but D so
12. A will B would C must D can
13. A ultra-small B ultra-fast C ultra-hot D ultra-cold
14. A any B each C every D some
15. A travel B research C walk D station
宇宙中哪種氣體溫度低？
地球上記錄到的低溫度是多少？出現(xiàn)在哪里？地球上低的溫度是-91℃。1983年出現(xiàn)在南極洲。
我們討論宇宙溫度時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一種有趣的現(xiàn)象。地球軌道上的溫度是介于+120℃至-120℃之間。溫度的變化取決于是向陽還是背陽。很明顯，-120℃遠(yuǎn)低于人體能忍受的安全溫度。幸虧美國國家航空和航天管理局生產(chǎn)出一種裝置，保護(hù)宇航員不受極端溫度的侵害。
剛才討論是有關(guān)太陽系中環(huán)地球宇宙空間的溫度。很明顯，離太陽越近，溫度越高，反之，溫度越底。天文學(xué)家預(yù)測冥王星的溫度大約是-210℃。整個(gè)宇宙的低溫度是多少呢？如前所述，這仍要取決于你的位置。原子在-273℃時(shí)就不再移動(dòng)了，這就是所謂的絕對零度，我們都知道不可能再有比絕對零度更低的溫度了?？茖W(xué)家Cornell 和 Wieman 成功地將氣體的溫度降到接近絕對零度，并因此獲得了2001年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。在這一案例中，這兩位科學(xué)家并不是因?yàn)橹卮蟮目茖W(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)獲獎(jiǎng)的。
那么，這兩位科學(xué)家的工作為什么對科學(xué)界來說很重要呢？
早在20世紀(jì)90年代，科學(xué)家Satyendra Nath Bose就在研究一種關(guān)于發(fā)光微粒的理論。這種微粒就是我們現(xiàn)在所說的光子。其他科學(xué)家不接受他的理論，Bose對此一籌莫展，只好求助于Albert Einstein。Einstein的計(jì)算從理論上證實(shí)原子確實(shí)能像Bose猜想的那樣移動(dòng)，但必須在超低的溫度下。
科學(xué)家還發(fā)現(xiàn)超低溫度下的原子可以使原子表更精確。原子表精確之極，每600萬年才慢一秒！如此精確的計(jì)時(shí)有利于人類的宇宙航行，因?yàn)楹叫芯嚯x等于速度乘以時(shí)間。從地球飛向其他星球的宇宙航程很長，計(jì)時(shí)越精確，測算宇宙飛行器的即時(shí)距離就越精確。
四.2011年職稱英語理工類新增文章：完型填空參考答案
1.理工類A級
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
C D B A C
A C B C A
D B D D B
2.理工類B級
Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in teens
B C B A D
C A C D A
B C B D D
3.理工類C級
What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?
B B A D C
D C A B A
D B D C A
2011年職稱英語理工類新增文章：完型填空
一.2011年職稱英語理工類A級新增文章：完型填空
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more _1__ to go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyses the _2__ of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link _3__ good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for _4__ thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a _5__ in the results for the IQ test, and not strength. “Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung _6__ and that your brain gets plenty of _7__,” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. “This may be one of the reasons _8__ we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular _9__. We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”
By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been _10__ to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a _11__ IQ.
“We have also shown that those youngsters who _12__ their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,” says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre. “This being the case, physical _13__ is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests _14__ national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in _15__. Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.
1. A carefully B secretly C likely D happily
2. A answers B works C scores D results
3. A behind B between C among D without
4. A logical B critical C typical D positive
5. A place B game C role D trick
6. A capacity B disease C shape D treatment
7. A change B hydrogen C oxygen D memory
8. A what B why C how D where
9. A exercise B training C strength D movement
10. A able B clever C lucky D clear
11. A moderate B average C lower D higher
12. A ignore B improve C like D determine
13. A examination B labour C movement D education
14. A before B after C without D during
15. A marriage B life C residence D service
運(yùn)動(dòng)的年輕人智商更高
瑞典歌德堡大學(xué)健康科學(xué)研究院和該校校醫(yī)院的一項(xiàng)新研究表明，身體健康的年輕人智商更高，進(jìn)入大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的可能性也更高。
研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在美國國家科學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)上。這項(xiàng)研究的取樣樣本是1950-1976年入伍的120萬新兵。這些新兵報(bào)到時(shí)接受了體能測試和智能測試，研究人員對這兩類測試數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了分析。
研究表明，健康的體能和優(yōu)秀的只能測試結(jié)果之間的聯(lián)系很明顯。突出的就是科學(xué)思維和語言理解能力與身體健康有關(guān)。但是智商測試結(jié)果中只是健康在起作用，而與力量無關(guān)。“身體健康是指，一個(gè)人心肺功能好，能將充分的氧氣源源不斷地輸入給大腦，”瑞典歌德堡大學(xué)健康科學(xué)研究院教授和瑞典歌德堡大學(xué)健康科學(xué)研究院校醫(yī)院首席內(nèi)科醫(yī)師Michael Nilsson如是說，“也許這就是為什么智商測試結(jié)果與健康之間存在明顯聯(lián)系，而與肌肉力量無關(guān)的原因之一。我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)生長因子也很重要?！?BR> 通過研究雙胞胎的數(shù)據(jù)，研究人員可以得出結(jié)論，智商差異來自后天的環(huán)境因素而不是先天的基因，身體健康，智商越高。
“我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，在15-18歲之間加強(qiáng)身體鍛煉的青少年往往認(rèn)知能力也較強(qiáng)，”瑞典歌德堡大學(xué)健康科學(xué)研究院研究員，Aby健康中心醫(yī)師Maria Aberg說，“倘若情況果然如此，那么體育應(yīng)成為學(xué)校中重要的一門學(xué)科，而且如果我們想要學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)和其他理論學(xué)科，體育課是非常有必要的。”
研究人員還將新兵服兵役入伍報(bào)到時(shí)的體格測試和智商測試的結(jié)果與他們后來生活中的 社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位進(jìn)行了比較。那些18歲時(shí)身體健康的人學(xué)歷更高，很多都能勝任高要求的工作。
二.2011年職稱英語理工類B級新增文章：完型填空
Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in teens
While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to “self-medicate” against the blues, scientists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually __1_ depressive symptoms in some teens.
“This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived _2__ benefits of smoking among teens,” says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto. “_3__ cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating _4__ or to improve mood, in the long term we found that teens who started to smoke reported higher depressive symptoms.”
As part of the study, some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires _5__ their use of cigarettes of affect mood. Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools _6__ in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighborhoods.
Participants were divided into three _7__: never smokers; smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood or physical _8__; smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate. Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how often participants felt too tired to do things; had _9__ going to sleep or staying _10__; felt unhappy, sad, or depressed; felt hopeless about the future; felt vexed, antsy or tense; and worried too much about things.
“Smokers who used cigarettes as mood _11__ had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked,” says co-researcher Jennifer O’Loughlin, a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. “Our study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of _12__ depressive symptoms.”
The _13__ between depression and smoking exists _14__ among teens that use cigarettes to feel better. “It’s _15__ to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke,” says Dr. Chaiton.
1. A examine B increase C decrease D diagnose
2. A social B financial C emotional D political
3. A Whatever B Although C Whenever D S\What
4. A effects B methods C steps D directions
5. A beside B beyond C in D about
6. A exposed B expanded C located D detected
7. A groups B sets C species D versions
8. A world B activity C state D beauty
9. A time B courage C energy D trouble
10. A asleep B awake C still D silent
11. A reducers B improvers C creators D removers
12. A changing B identifying C developing D overcoming
13. A difference B association C cooperation D agreement
14. A occasionally B scarcely C probably D principally
15. A illogical B unscientific C meaningless D important
吸煙會(huì)加重青少年的抑郁情緒
有些青少年可能會(huì)一口接一口地吸煙來消除抑郁，進(jìn)行所謂的“自我治療”。然而加拿大Toronto和Montreal大學(xué)的科學(xué)家卻發(fā)現(xiàn)，事實(shí)上，吸煙會(huì)加重某些青少年的抑郁情緒。
“這項(xiàng)研究是檢驗(yàn)吸煙是否可以給青少年帶來精神歡愉的幾項(xiàng)研究之一，”首席研究員Michael Chaiton如是說，他是Toronto大學(xué)Ontario煙草研究組織的助理研究員， “盡管吸煙能在短時(shí)間能起到自我治療的作用，能振奮精神，但根據(jù)青少年自我報(bào)告的情況，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，從長遠(yuǎn)看，吸煙的青少年往往有更多的抑郁癥狀?！?BR> 這項(xiàng)研究的內(nèi)容之一是，約662名高中生完成一份包括20道問題的問卷，問卷的問題是關(guān)于吸煙對情緒的影響。入選的中學(xué)學(xué)生既有講法語的，也有講英語的，他們就讀的學(xué)校有城市的，也有鄉(xiāng)村的，并分布在高檔、中檔和低檔不同社區(qū)。
參與調(diào)查者分成三組：一組從不吸煙，一組吸煙但不是為了自我治療，調(diào)節(jié)情緒或者改善身體狀態(tài)，另一組是利用吸煙自我治療的吸煙者。參與者被問及下列問題：多久會(huì)感到倦怠不堪，不想做任何事；多久會(huì)出現(xiàn)難以入睡甚至不能入睡的情況；每隔多久會(huì)不開心、難過或沮喪；多久會(huì)出現(xiàn)對未來絕望的心態(tài)；每隔多久會(huì)感到煩惱緊張，對所有事情都過分焦慮。收集到的答案用來衡量抑郁癥狀的輕重。
“通過吸煙緩解抑郁的吸煙者比不吸煙的青少年更容易加重抑郁癥狀，”Montreal大學(xué)社會(huì)和預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)系教授，研究合作者Jennifer O’Loughlin總結(jié)說，“我們研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，問卷反饋回來的那些利用吸煙獲得精神慰籍的青少年更容易加重抑郁?！?BR> 抑郁和吸煙之間的聯(lián)系主要體現(xiàn)在那些利用吸煙愉悅心情的青少年身上?！爸档弥匾暤氖?，那些在問卷中反映吸煙能帶來精神安慰的青少年，他們在問卷中所得的抑郁評分也較高，”Chaiton博士說。
三.2011年職稱英語理工類C級新增文章：完型填空
What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?
What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was -91℃, which _1_ in Antarctica in 1983.
We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in _2__. Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about +120℃ to -120℃. The temperature depends upon _3__ you are in direct sunlight or shade. Obviously, -120 is colder than our body can safely endure. Thank NASA science for well-designed space __4_ that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.
The space temperatures just discussed affect only our area of the solar _5__. Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel away from the Sun. Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about -120℃. How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again, it depends upon your _6__. We are taught it is supposedly _7__ to have a temperature below absolute zero, which is -273℃, at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, whose names are Cornell and Wieman, have successfully cooled down a gas to a temperature barely _8__ absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their work—not a discovery, in this case.
Why is the two scientists’ work so important to science?
In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting _9__ about special light particles we now call photons. Bose had trouble _10__ other scientists to believe his theory. _11__ he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein’s calculations helped him theorize that atoms _12__ behave as Bose thought — but only at very cold temperatures.
Scientists have also discovered that _13__ atoms can help them make the world’s atomic clocks even more accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second _14__ six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time（d=v × t）. With the long distances involved in space _15__, we need to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.
1. A opened B occurred C opposed D operated
2. A Earth B space C planet D star
3. A whether B where C what D when
4. A foods B beds C tools D suits
5. A wind B energy C system D rays
6. A education B status C knowledge D location
7. A reasonable B wonderful C impossible D necessary
8. A above B below C within D beyond
9. A invention B theory C paper D experiment
10. A convincing B begging C ordering D forcing
11. A and B though C but D so
12. A will B would C must D can
13. A ultra-small B ultra-fast C ultra-hot D ultra-cold
14. A any B each C every D some
15. A travel B research C walk D station
宇宙中哪種氣體溫度低？
地球上記錄到的低溫度是多少？出現(xiàn)在哪里？地球上低的溫度是-91℃。1983年出現(xiàn)在南極洲。
我們討論宇宙溫度時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一種有趣的現(xiàn)象。地球軌道上的溫度是介于+120℃至-120℃之間。溫度的變化取決于是向陽還是背陽。很明顯，-120℃遠(yuǎn)低于人體能忍受的安全溫度。幸虧美國國家航空和航天管理局生產(chǎn)出一種裝置，保護(hù)宇航員不受極端溫度的侵害。
剛才討論是有關(guān)太陽系中環(huán)地球宇宙空間的溫度。很明顯，離太陽越近，溫度越高，反之，溫度越底。天文學(xué)家預(yù)測冥王星的溫度大約是-210℃。整個(gè)宇宙的低溫度是多少呢？如前所述，這仍要取決于你的位置。原子在-273℃時(shí)就不再移動(dòng)了，這就是所謂的絕對零度，我們都知道不可能再有比絕對零度更低的溫度了?？茖W(xué)家Cornell 和 Wieman 成功地將氣體的溫度降到接近絕對零度，并因此獲得了2001年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。在這一案例中，這兩位科學(xué)家并不是因?yàn)橹卮蟮目茖W(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)獲獎(jiǎng)的。
那么，這兩位科學(xué)家的工作為什么對科學(xué)界來說很重要呢？
早在20世紀(jì)90年代，科學(xué)家Satyendra Nath Bose就在研究一種關(guān)于發(fā)光微粒的理論。這種微粒就是我們現(xiàn)在所說的光子。其他科學(xué)家不接受他的理論，Bose對此一籌莫展，只好求助于Albert Einstein。Einstein的計(jì)算從理論上證實(shí)原子確實(shí)能像Bose猜想的那樣移動(dòng)，但必須在超低的溫度下。
科學(xué)家還發(fā)現(xiàn)超低溫度下的原子可以使原子表更精確。原子表精確之極，每600萬年才慢一秒！如此精確的計(jì)時(shí)有利于人類的宇宙航行，因?yàn)楹叫芯嚯x等于速度乘以時(shí)間。從地球飛向其他星球的宇宙航程很長，計(jì)時(shí)越精確，測算宇宙飛行器的即時(shí)距離就越精確。
四.2011年職稱英語理工類新增文章：完型填空參考答案
1.理工類A級
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
C D B A C
A C B C A
D B D D B
2.理工類B級
Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in teens
B C B A D
C A C D A
B C B D D
3.理工類C級
What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?
B B A D C
D C A B A
D B D C A