2011年同等學(xué)歷英語(yǔ)指導(dǎo)之非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)用法

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一、解析非謂動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)
    1. 不定式作主語(yǔ)。如:
    To say is easier than to do.
    解析:用不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),常表示一次性的、具體的、特指的動(dòng)作,并且用it作形式主語(yǔ)而將其后置。如上例可改為:It is easier to say than to do.
    2. 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。如:
    Walking after supper is good for both young and old.
    解析:若表示抽象的、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作時(shí)常用動(dòng)名詞。
    二、解析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)
    1. 不定式作表語(yǔ)。如:
    What I can do is to give you some reasonable advice.
    The library books are not allowed to be taken away.
    解析:不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí),其后接動(dòng)詞(詞組)主動(dòng)式或被動(dòng)式,與其最近的動(dòng)詞采用原形。
    2. 動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)。如:
    His job is teaching.
    The most famous writings in the world are worth reading.
    解析:動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),表語(yǔ)既具有動(dòng)詞特征又具有名詞性,甚至有時(shí)表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)可以互換。如上例可改為:Teaching is his job.
    3. 分詞作表語(yǔ)。如:
    The film is interesting, and my sister gets interested in it.
    解析:現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ),表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征,表語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,并且常以物作主語(yǔ),譯為“某物怎么樣”;過去分詞作表語(yǔ),表示主語(yǔ)所處的心理狀態(tài),主語(yǔ) 和表語(yǔ)之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,并且常以人作主語(yǔ),譯為“某人感到怎么樣”。具有這一用 法的有:surprise, interest, touch, move, puzzle, excite, tire, please, disappoint, satisfy, encourage等。