四、物流營運(yùn)
英文原文：Information from and about customers flows through the enterprise in the form of sales activity, forecasts, and orders. Vital information is refined into specific manufacturing, merchandising, and purchasing plans.
注釋：information: 信息，消息 in the form of: 以…的形式 sales activity: 銷售活動(dòng)(activity: 活動(dòng)，行為)forecast: 預(yù)測，預(yù)報(bào) vital: 重大的, 生命的, 至關(guān)重要的 refine: 精煉, 提煉, 提純, 提去(雜質(zhì)等) merchandising: 商品銷售，銷售規(guī)劃 purchasing: 購買
中文意思：來自或者關(guān)于客戶的消息通過企業(yè)以銷售活動(dòng)、預(yù)測和訂單的形式流動(dòng)著。重大的信息被提煉加工設(shè)計(jì)成生產(chǎn)、商品銷售和購買計(jì)劃。
英文原文：As products and materials are procured, a value-added inventory flow is initiated which ultimately results in ownership transfer of finished products to customers. Thus the process is viewed in terms of two interrelated flows: inventory and information.
注釋：procure：獲得，取得 value-added：增值的，附加值的 initiate: 開始, 創(chuàng)始; 發(fā)動(dòng)
ultimately：最后，最終finished product: 制成品 view：認(rèn)為;把…看作是 in terms of: 根據(jù), 按照, 用...的話, 在...方面 interrelated: 互相聯(lián)系的，相關(guān)的
中文意思：當(dāng)獲得產(chǎn)品和物資后，增值庫存開始流動(dòng)，最終結(jié)果是制成品的物權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移給顧客。因此，這一過程被看作是在相關(guān)的兩個(gè)方面流動(dòng)：即庫存和信息。
1、Inventory Flow 庫存流
英文原文：Logistical operation can be divided into three areas: market distributions, manufacturing support, and procurement.
注釋：divide into: 分成，分為 market distribution: 市場分銷 manufacturing support: 制造支持 procurement: 采購
中文意思：物流運(yùn)作可分為三個(gè)方面：市場分銷、制造支持和采購
1)市場分銷
英文原文：The movement of finished product to customers is market distribution.
中文意思：市場分銷就是制成品至客戶的移動(dòng)。
2)制造支持
英文原文：The area of manufacturing support concentrates on managing work-in-process inventory as it flows between stages of manufacturing.
注釋：concentrate on: 集中, 全神貫注于 work-in-process: 正在加工的產(chǎn)品 stage: 級, (階)段, (時(shí))期, 進(jìn)程, 步驟
中文意思：制造支持部分主要集中于管理在制造各階段之間流動(dòng)的正在加工的庫存產(chǎn)品。
3)采購
英文原文：Procurement is concerned with purchasing and arranging inbound movement of materials, parts, and/or finished inventory from suppliers to manufacturing or assembly plants, warehouses, or retail stores.
注釋：be concerned with: 參與,干預(yù) inbound: 向內(nèi)的; 歸航的; 入境的, 入站的 parts: 部件 supplier：供應(yīng)商 assembly plant: 裝配廠
中文意思：采購是購買和安排物資、部件和/或者制成品庫存物資從供應(yīng)商到制造廠或裝配廠、倉庫或者零售店等向內(nèi)的運(yùn)輸。
英文原文：Information from and about customers flows through the enterprise in the form of sales activity, forecasts, and orders. Vital information is refined into specific manufacturing, merchandising, and purchasing plans.
注釋：information: 信息，消息 in the form of: 以…的形式 sales activity: 銷售活動(dòng)(activity: 活動(dòng)，行為)forecast: 預(yù)測，預(yù)報(bào) vital: 重大的, 生命的, 至關(guān)重要的 refine: 精煉, 提煉, 提純, 提去(雜質(zhì)等) merchandising: 商品銷售，銷售規(guī)劃 purchasing: 購買
中文意思：來自或者關(guān)于客戶的消息通過企業(yè)以銷售活動(dòng)、預(yù)測和訂單的形式流動(dòng)著。重大的信息被提煉加工設(shè)計(jì)成生產(chǎn)、商品銷售和購買計(jì)劃。
英文原文：As products and materials are procured, a value-added inventory flow is initiated which ultimately results in ownership transfer of finished products to customers. Thus the process is viewed in terms of two interrelated flows: inventory and information.
注釋：procure：獲得，取得 value-added：增值的，附加值的 initiate: 開始, 創(chuàng)始; 發(fā)動(dòng)
ultimately：最后，最終finished product: 制成品 view：認(rèn)為;把…看作是 in terms of: 根據(jù), 按照, 用...的話, 在...方面 interrelated: 互相聯(lián)系的，相關(guān)的
中文意思：當(dāng)獲得產(chǎn)品和物資后，增值庫存開始流動(dòng)，最終結(jié)果是制成品的物權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移給顧客。因此，這一過程被看作是在相關(guān)的兩個(gè)方面流動(dòng)：即庫存和信息。
1、Inventory Flow 庫存流
英文原文：Logistical operation can be divided into three areas: market distributions, manufacturing support, and procurement.
注釋：divide into: 分成，分為 market distribution: 市場分銷 manufacturing support: 制造支持 procurement: 采購
中文意思：物流運(yùn)作可分為三個(gè)方面：市場分銷、制造支持和采購
1)市場分銷
英文原文：The movement of finished product to customers is market distribution.
中文意思：市場分銷就是制成品至客戶的移動(dòng)。
2)制造支持
英文原文：The area of manufacturing support concentrates on managing work-in-process inventory as it flows between stages of manufacturing.
注釋：concentrate on: 集中, 全神貫注于 work-in-process: 正在加工的產(chǎn)品 stage: 級, (階)段, (時(shí))期, 進(jìn)程, 步驟
中文意思：制造支持部分主要集中于管理在制造各階段之間流動(dòng)的正在加工的庫存產(chǎn)品。
3)采購
英文原文：Procurement is concerned with purchasing and arranging inbound movement of materials, parts, and/or finished inventory from suppliers to manufacturing or assembly plants, warehouses, or retail stores.
注釋：be concerned with: 參與,干預(yù) inbound: 向內(nèi)的; 歸航的; 入境的, 入站的 parts: 部件 supplier：供應(yīng)商 assembly plant: 裝配廠
中文意思：采購是購買和安排物資、部件和/或者制成品庫存物資從供應(yīng)商到制造廠或裝配廠、倉庫或者零售店等向內(nèi)的運(yùn)輸。