四、物流營運
英文原文：Information from and about customers flows through the enterprise in the form of sales activity, forecasts, and orders. Vital information is refined into specific manufacturing, merchandising, and purchasing plans.
注釋：information: 信息，消息 in the form of: 以…的形式 sales activity: 銷售活動(activity: 活動，行為)forecast: 預測，預報 vital: 重大的, 生命的, 至關重要的 refine: 精煉, 提煉, 提純, 提去(雜質等) merchandising: 商品銷售，銷售規(guī)劃 purchasing: 購買
中文意思：來自或者關于客戶的消息通過企業(yè)以銷售活動、預測和訂單的形式流動著。重大的信息被提煉加工設計成生產、商品銷售和購買計劃。
英文原文：As products and materials are procured, a value-added inventory flow is initiated which ultimately results in ownership transfer of finished products to customers. Thus the process is viewed in terms of two interrelated flows: inventory and information.
注釋：procure：獲得，取得 value-added：增值的，附加值的 initiate: 開始, 創(chuàng)始; 發(fā)動
ultimately：最后，最終finished product: 制成品 view：認為;把…看作是 in terms of: 根據(jù), 按照, 用...的話, 在...方面 interrelated: 互相聯(lián)系的，相關的
中文意思：當獲得產品和物資后，增值庫存開始流動，最終結果是制成品的物權轉移給顧客。因此，這一過程被看作是在相關的兩個方面流動：即庫存和信息。
1、Inventory Flow 庫存流
英文原文：Logistical operation can be divided into three areas: market distributions, manufacturing support, and procurement.
注釋：divide into: 分成，分為 market distribution: 市場分銷 manufacturing support: 制造支持 procurement: 采購
中文意思：物流運作可分為三個方面：市場分銷、制造支持和采購
1)市場分銷
英文原文：The movement of finished product to customers is market distribution.
中文意思：市場分銷就是制成品至客戶的移動。
2)制造支持
英文原文：The area of manufacturing support concentrates on managing work-in-process inventory as it flows between stages of manufacturing.
注釋：concentrate on: 集中, 全神貫注于 work-in-process: 正在加工的產品 stage: 級, (階)段, (時)期, 進程, 步驟
中文意思：制造支持部分主要集中于管理在制造各階段之間流動的正在加工的庫存產品。
3)采購
英文原文：Procurement is concerned with purchasing and arranging inbound movement of materials, parts, and/or finished inventory from suppliers to manufacturing or assembly plants, warehouses, or retail stores.
注釋：be concerned with: 參與,干預 inbound: 向內的; 歸航的; 入境的, 入站的 parts: 部件 supplier：供應商 assembly plant: 裝配廠
中文意思：采購是購買和安排物資、部件和/或者制成品庫存物資從供應商到制造廠或裝配廠、倉庫或者零售店等向內的運輸。
英文原文：Information from and about customers flows through the enterprise in the form of sales activity, forecasts, and orders. Vital information is refined into specific manufacturing, merchandising, and purchasing plans.
注釋：information: 信息，消息 in the form of: 以…的形式 sales activity: 銷售活動(activity: 活動，行為)forecast: 預測，預報 vital: 重大的, 生命的, 至關重要的 refine: 精煉, 提煉, 提純, 提去(雜質等) merchandising: 商品銷售，銷售規(guī)劃 purchasing: 購買
中文意思：來自或者關于客戶的消息通過企業(yè)以銷售活動、預測和訂單的形式流動著。重大的信息被提煉加工設計成生產、商品銷售和購買計劃。
英文原文：As products and materials are procured, a value-added inventory flow is initiated which ultimately results in ownership transfer of finished products to customers. Thus the process is viewed in terms of two interrelated flows: inventory and information.
注釋：procure：獲得，取得 value-added：增值的，附加值的 initiate: 開始, 創(chuàng)始; 發(fā)動
ultimately：最后，最終finished product: 制成品 view：認為;把…看作是 in terms of: 根據(jù), 按照, 用...的話, 在...方面 interrelated: 互相聯(lián)系的，相關的
中文意思：當獲得產品和物資后，增值庫存開始流動，最終結果是制成品的物權轉移給顧客。因此，這一過程被看作是在相關的兩個方面流動：即庫存和信息。
1、Inventory Flow 庫存流
英文原文：Logistical operation can be divided into three areas: market distributions, manufacturing support, and procurement.
注釋：divide into: 分成，分為 market distribution: 市場分銷 manufacturing support: 制造支持 procurement: 采購
中文意思：物流運作可分為三個方面：市場分銷、制造支持和采購
1)市場分銷
英文原文：The movement of finished product to customers is market distribution.
中文意思：市場分銷就是制成品至客戶的移動。
2)制造支持
英文原文：The area of manufacturing support concentrates on managing work-in-process inventory as it flows between stages of manufacturing.
注釋：concentrate on: 集中, 全神貫注于 work-in-process: 正在加工的產品 stage: 級, (階)段, (時)期, 進程, 步驟
中文意思：制造支持部分主要集中于管理在制造各階段之間流動的正在加工的庫存產品。
3)采購
英文原文：Procurement is concerned with purchasing and arranging inbound movement of materials, parts, and/or finished inventory from suppliers to manufacturing or assembly plants, warehouses, or retail stores.
注釋：be concerned with: 參與,干預 inbound: 向內的; 歸航的; 入境的, 入站的 parts: 部件 supplier：供應商 assembly plant: 裝配廠
中文意思：采購是購買和安排物資、部件和/或者制成品庫存物資從供應商到制造廠或裝配廠、倉庫或者零售店等向內的運輸。