[導(dǎo)讀]春節(jié)的由來和習(xí)俗
春節(jié)（The Spring Festival）
The Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West. All people living away from home go back, becoming the busiest time for transportation systems of about half a month from the Spring Festival. Airports, railway stations and long-distance bus stations are crowded with home returnees.
Strictly speaking, the Spring Festival starts every year in the early days of the 12th lunar month and will last till the mid 1st lunar month of the next year. Of them, the most important days are Spring Festival Eve and the first three days. The Chinese government now stipulates people have seven days off for the Chinese Lunar New Year.
Many customs accompany the Spring Festival. Some are still followed today, but others have weakened.
On the 8th day of the 12th lunar month, many families make laba porridge, a delicious kind of porridge made with glutinous rice, millet, seeds of Job's tears, jujube berries, lotus seeds, beans, longan and gingko.
The 23rd day of the 12th lunar month is called Preliminary Eve. At this time, people offer sacrifice to the kitchen god. Now however, most families make delicious food to enjoy themselves.
After the Preliminary Eve, people begin preparing for the coming New Year. This is called "Seeing the New Year in".
Before the New Year comes, the people completely clean the indoors and outdoors of their homes as well as their clothes, bedclothes and all their utensils.
People attach great importance to Spring Festival Eve. At that time, all family members eat dinner together. The meal is more luxurious than usual. Dishes such as chicken, fish and bean curd cannot be excluded, for in Chinese, their pronunciations, respectively "ji", "yu" and "doufu," mean auspiciousness, abundance and richness. After the dinner, the whole family will sit together, chatting and watching TV. In recent years, the Spring Festival party broadcast on China Central Television Station (CCTV) is essential entertainment for the Chinese both at home and abroad. According to custom, each family will stay up to see the New Year in.
Waking up on New Year, everybody dresses up. First they extend greetings to their parents. Then each child will get money as a New Year gift, wrapped up in red paper. People in northern China will eat jiaozi, or dumplings, for breakfast, as they think "jiaozi" in sound means "bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new". Also, the shape of the dumpling is like gold ingot from ancient China. So people eat them and wish for money and treasure.
Southern Chinese eat niangao (New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour) on this occasion, because as a homophone, niangao means "higher and higher, one year after another." The first five days after the Spring Festival are a good time for relatives, friends, and classmates as well as colleagues to exchange greetings, gifts and chat leisurely.
Burning fireworks was once the most typical custom on the Spring Festival. People thought the spluttering sound could help drive away evil spirits. However, such an activity was completely or partially forbidden in big cities once the government took security, noise and pollution factors into consideration. As a replacement, some buy tapes with firecracker sounds to listen to, some break little balloons to get the sound too, while others buy firecracker handicrafts to hang in the living room.
The lively atmosphere not only fills every household, but permeates to streets and lanes. A series of activities such as lion dancing, dragon lantern dancing, lantern festivals and temple fairs will be held for days. The Spring Festival then comes to an end when the Lantern Festival is finished.
China has 56 ethnic groups. Minorities celebrate their Spring Festival almost the same day as the Han people, and they have different customs.
春節(jié)的由來和習(xí)俗
春節(jié)是我國一個古老的節(jié)日，也是全年最重要的一個節(jié)日，如何過慶賀這個節(jié)日，在千百年的歷史發(fā)展中，形成了一些較為固定的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，有許多還相傳至今。
掃塵
“臘月二十四，撣塵掃房子” ，據(jù)《呂氏春秋》記載，我國在堯舜時代就有春節(jié)掃塵的風(fēng)俗。按民間的說法：因“塵”與“陳”諧音，新春掃塵有“除陳布新”的涵義，其用意是要把一切窮運、晦氣統(tǒng)統(tǒng)掃出門。這一習(xí)俗寄托著人們破舊立新的愿望和辭舊迎新的祈求。 每逢春節(jié)來臨，家家戶戶都要打掃環(huán)境，清洗各種器具，拆洗被褥窗簾，灑掃六閭庭院，撣拂塵垢蛛網(wǎng)，疏浚明渠暗溝。到處洋溢著歡歡喜喜搞衛(wèi)生、干干凈凈迎新春的歡樂氣氛。
貼春聯(lián)
春聯(lián)也叫門對、春貼、對聯(lián)、對子、桃符等，它以工整、對偶、簡潔、精巧的文字描繪時代背景，抒發(fā)美好愿望，是我國特有的文學(xué)形式。每逢春節(jié)，無論城市還是農(nóng)村，家家戶戶都要精選一幅大紅春聯(lián)貼于門上，為節(jié)日增加喜慶氣氛。這一習(xí)俗起于宋代，在明代開始盛行，到了清代，春聯(lián)的思想性和藝術(shù)性都有了很大的提高，梁章矩編寫的春聯(lián)專著《檻聯(lián)叢話》對楹聯(lián)的起源及各類作品的特色都作了論述。
貼窗花和倒貼“福”字
在民間人們還喜歡在窗戶上貼上各種剪紙——窗花。窗花不僅烘托了喜慶的節(jié)日氣氛，也集裝飾性、欣賞性和實用性于一體。剪紙在我國是一種很普及的民間藝術(shù)，千百年來深受人們的喜愛，因它大多是貼在窗戶上的，所以也被稱其為“窗花”。窗花以其特有的概括和夸張手法將吉事祥物、美好愿望表現(xiàn)得淋漓盡致，將節(jié)日裝點得紅火富麗。
在貼春聯(lián)的同時，一些人家要在屋門上、墻壁上、門楣上貼上大大小小的“?！弊?。春節(jié)貼“福”字，是我國民間由來已久的風(fēng)俗。“?！弊种父?、福運，寄托了人們對幸福生活的向往，對美好未來的祝愿。為了更充分地體現(xiàn)這種向往和祝愿，有的人干脆將“?！弊值惯^來貼，表示“幸福已到”“福氣已到”。民間還有將“?！弊志杓?xì)做成各種圖案的，圖案有壽星、壽桃、鯉魚跳龍門、五谷豐登、龍鳳呈祥等。
守歲
除夕守歲是最重要的年俗活動之一，守歲之俗由來已久。最早記載見于西晉周處的《風(fēng)土志》：除夕之夜，各相與贈送，稱為“饋歲”；酒食相邀，稱為“別歲”；長幼聚飲，祝頌完備，稱為“分歲”；大家終夜不眠，以待天明，稱曰“守歲”。
“一夜連雙歲，五更分二天”，除夕之夜，全家團聚在一起，吃過年夜飯，點起蠟燭或油燈，圍坐爐旁閑聊，等著辭舊迎新的時刻，通宵守夜，象征著把一切邪瘟病疫照跑驅(qū)走，期待著新的一年吉祥如意。這種習(xí)俗后來逐漸盛行，到唐朝初期，唐太宗李世民寫有“守歲”詩：“寒辭去冬雪，暖帶入春風(fēng)”。直到今天，人們還習(xí)慣在除夕之夜守歲迎新。
古時守歲有兩種含義：年長者守歲為“辭舊歲”，有珍愛光陰的意思；年輕人守歲，是為延長父母壽命。自漢代以來，新舊年交替的時刻一般為夜半時分。
爆竹
中國民間有“開門爆竹”一說。即在新的一年到來之際，家家戶戶開門的第一件事就是燃放爆竹，以嗶嗶叭叭的爆竹聲除舊迎新。爆竹是中國特產(chǎn)，亦稱“爆仗”、“炮仗”、“鞭炮”。其起源很早，至今已有兩千多年的歷史。放爆竹可以創(chuàng)造出喜慶熱鬧的氣氛，是節(jié)日的一種娛樂活動，可以給人們帶來歡愉和吉利。隨著時間的推移，爆竹的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛，品種花色也日見繁多，每逢重大節(jié)日及喜事慶典，及婚嫁、建房、開業(yè)等，都要燃放爆竹以示慶賀，圖個吉利?，F(xiàn)在，湖南瀏陽，廣東佛山和東堯，江西的宜春和萍鄉(xiāng)、浙江溫州等地區(qū)是我國的花炮之鄉(xiāng),生產(chǎn)的爆竹花色多，品質(zhì)高，不僅暢銷全國，而且還遠(yuǎn)銷世界。
拜年
新年的初一，人們都早早起來，穿上最漂亮的衣服，打扮得整整齊齊，出門去走親訪友，相互拜年，恭祝來年大吉大利。拜年的方式多種多樣，有的是同族長帶領(lǐng)若干人挨家挨戶地拜年；有的是同事相邀幾個人去拜年；也有大家聚在一起相互祝賀，稱為“團拜”。由于登門拜年費時費力，后來一些上層人物和士大夫便使用各貼相互投賀，由此發(fā)展出來后來的“賀年片”。
春節(jié)拜年時，晚輩要先給長輩拜年，祝長輩人長壽安康，長輩可將事先準(zhǔn)備好的壓歲錢分給晚輩，據(jù)說壓歲錢可以壓住邪祟，因為“歲”與“祟”諧音，晚輩得到壓歲錢就可以平平安安度過一歲。壓歲錢有兩種，一種是以彩繩穿線編作龍形，置于床腳，此記載見于《燕京歲時記》；另一種是最常見的，即由家長用紅紙包裹分給孩子的錢。壓歲錢可在晚輩拜年后當(dāng)眾賞給，亦可在除夕夜孩子睡著時，由家長偷偷地放在孩子的枕頭底下?，F(xiàn)在長輩為晚輩分送壓歲錢的習(xí)俗仍然盛行。
春節(jié)食俗
在古代的農(nóng)業(yè)社會里，大約自臘月初八以后，家庭主婦們就要忙著張羅過年的食品了。因為腌制臘味所需的時間較長，所以必須盡早準(zhǔn)備，我國許多省份都有腌臘味的習(xí)俗，其中又以廣東省的臘味最為。
蒸年糕，年糕因為諧音“年高”，再加上有著變化多端的口味，幾乎成了家家必備的應(yīng)景食品。年糕的式樣有方塊狀的黃、白年糕，象征著黃金、白銀，寄寓新年發(fā)財?shù)囊馑肌?BR> 年糕的口味因地而異。北京人喜食江米或黃米制成的紅棗年糕、百果年糕和白年糕。河北人則喜歡在年糕中加入大棗、小紅豆及綠豆等一起蒸食。山西北部在內(nèi)蒙古等地，過年時習(xí)慣吃黃米粉油炸年糕，有的還包上豆沙、棗泥等餡，山東人則用黃米、紅棗蒸年糕。北方的年糕以甜為主，或蒸或炸，也有人干脆沾糖吃。南方的年糕則甜咸兼具，例如蘇州及寧波的年糕，以粳米制作，味道清淡。除了蒸、炸以外，還可以切片炒食或是煮湯。甜味的年糕以糯米粉加白糖、豬油、玫瑰、桂花、薄荷、素蓉等配料，做工精細(xì)，可以直接蒸食或是沾上蛋清油炸。
真正過年的前一夜叫團圓夜，離家在外的游子都要不遠(yuǎn)千里萬里趕回家來，全家人要圍坐在一起包餃子過年，餃子的作法是先和面做成餃子皮，再用皮包上餡，餡的內(nèi)容是五花八門，各種肉、蛋、海鮮、時令蔬菜等都可入餡，正統(tǒng)的餃子吃法，是清水煮熟，撈起后以調(diào)有醋、蒜末、香油的醬油為佐料沾著吃。也有炸餃子、烙餃子（鍋貼）等吃法。因為和面的“和”字就是“合”的意思；餃子的“餃”和“交”諧音，“合”和“交”又有相聚之意，所以用餃子象征團聚合歡；又取更歲交子之意，非常吉利；此外，餃子因為形似元寶，過年時吃餃子，也帶有“招財進寶”的吉祥含義。一家大小聚在一起包餃子，話新春，其樂融融。
以上是小編提供的春節(jié)的由來和習(xí)俗，恭祝大家春節(jié)快樂，事事如意！
春節(jié)（The Spring Festival）
The Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West. All people living away from home go back, becoming the busiest time for transportation systems of about half a month from the Spring Festival. Airports, railway stations and long-distance bus stations are crowded with home returnees.
Strictly speaking, the Spring Festival starts every year in the early days of the 12th lunar month and will last till the mid 1st lunar month of the next year. Of them, the most important days are Spring Festival Eve and the first three days. The Chinese government now stipulates people have seven days off for the Chinese Lunar New Year.
Many customs accompany the Spring Festival. Some are still followed today, but others have weakened.
On the 8th day of the 12th lunar month, many families make laba porridge, a delicious kind of porridge made with glutinous rice, millet, seeds of Job's tears, jujube berries, lotus seeds, beans, longan and gingko.
The 23rd day of the 12th lunar month is called Preliminary Eve. At this time, people offer sacrifice to the kitchen god. Now however, most families make delicious food to enjoy themselves.
After the Preliminary Eve, people begin preparing for the coming New Year. This is called "Seeing the New Year in".
Before the New Year comes, the people completely clean the indoors and outdoors of their homes as well as their clothes, bedclothes and all their utensils.
People attach great importance to Spring Festival Eve. At that time, all family members eat dinner together. The meal is more luxurious than usual. Dishes such as chicken, fish and bean curd cannot be excluded, for in Chinese, their pronunciations, respectively "ji", "yu" and "doufu," mean auspiciousness, abundance and richness. After the dinner, the whole family will sit together, chatting and watching TV. In recent years, the Spring Festival party broadcast on China Central Television Station (CCTV) is essential entertainment for the Chinese both at home and abroad. According to custom, each family will stay up to see the New Year in.
Waking up on New Year, everybody dresses up. First they extend greetings to their parents. Then each child will get money as a New Year gift, wrapped up in red paper. People in northern China will eat jiaozi, or dumplings, for breakfast, as they think "jiaozi" in sound means "bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new". Also, the shape of the dumpling is like gold ingot from ancient China. So people eat them and wish for money and treasure.
Southern Chinese eat niangao (New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour) on this occasion, because as a homophone, niangao means "higher and higher, one year after another." The first five days after the Spring Festival are a good time for relatives, friends, and classmates as well as colleagues to exchange greetings, gifts and chat leisurely.
Burning fireworks was once the most typical custom on the Spring Festival. People thought the spluttering sound could help drive away evil spirits. However, such an activity was completely or partially forbidden in big cities once the government took security, noise and pollution factors into consideration. As a replacement, some buy tapes with firecracker sounds to listen to, some break little balloons to get the sound too, while others buy firecracker handicrafts to hang in the living room.
The lively atmosphere not only fills every household, but permeates to streets and lanes. A series of activities such as lion dancing, dragon lantern dancing, lantern festivals and temple fairs will be held for days. The Spring Festival then comes to an end when the Lantern Festival is finished.
China has 56 ethnic groups. Minorities celebrate their Spring Festival almost the same day as the Han people, and they have different customs.
春節(jié)的由來和習(xí)俗
春節(jié)是我國一個古老的節(jié)日，也是全年最重要的一個節(jié)日，如何過慶賀這個節(jié)日，在千百年的歷史發(fā)展中，形成了一些較為固定的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，有許多還相傳至今。
掃塵
“臘月二十四，撣塵掃房子” ，據(jù)《呂氏春秋》記載，我國在堯舜時代就有春節(jié)掃塵的風(fēng)俗。按民間的說法：因“塵”與“陳”諧音，新春掃塵有“除陳布新”的涵義，其用意是要把一切窮運、晦氣統(tǒng)統(tǒng)掃出門。這一習(xí)俗寄托著人們破舊立新的愿望和辭舊迎新的祈求。 每逢春節(jié)來臨，家家戶戶都要打掃環(huán)境，清洗各種器具，拆洗被褥窗簾，灑掃六閭庭院，撣拂塵垢蛛網(wǎng)，疏浚明渠暗溝。到處洋溢著歡歡喜喜搞衛(wèi)生、干干凈凈迎新春的歡樂氣氛。
貼春聯(lián)
春聯(lián)也叫門對、春貼、對聯(lián)、對子、桃符等，它以工整、對偶、簡潔、精巧的文字描繪時代背景，抒發(fā)美好愿望，是我國特有的文學(xué)形式。每逢春節(jié)，無論城市還是農(nóng)村，家家戶戶都要精選一幅大紅春聯(lián)貼于門上，為節(jié)日增加喜慶氣氛。這一習(xí)俗起于宋代，在明代開始盛行，到了清代，春聯(lián)的思想性和藝術(shù)性都有了很大的提高，梁章矩編寫的春聯(lián)專著《檻聯(lián)叢話》對楹聯(lián)的起源及各類作品的特色都作了論述。
貼窗花和倒貼“福”字
在民間人們還喜歡在窗戶上貼上各種剪紙——窗花。窗花不僅烘托了喜慶的節(jié)日氣氛，也集裝飾性、欣賞性和實用性于一體。剪紙在我國是一種很普及的民間藝術(shù)，千百年來深受人們的喜愛，因它大多是貼在窗戶上的，所以也被稱其為“窗花”。窗花以其特有的概括和夸張手法將吉事祥物、美好愿望表現(xiàn)得淋漓盡致，將節(jié)日裝點得紅火富麗。
在貼春聯(lián)的同時，一些人家要在屋門上、墻壁上、門楣上貼上大大小小的“?！弊?。春節(jié)貼“福”字，是我國民間由來已久的風(fēng)俗。“?！弊种父?、福運，寄托了人們對幸福生活的向往，對美好未來的祝愿。為了更充分地體現(xiàn)這種向往和祝愿，有的人干脆將“?！弊值惯^來貼，表示“幸福已到”“福氣已到”。民間還有將“?！弊志杓?xì)做成各種圖案的，圖案有壽星、壽桃、鯉魚跳龍門、五谷豐登、龍鳳呈祥等。
守歲
除夕守歲是最重要的年俗活動之一，守歲之俗由來已久。最早記載見于西晉周處的《風(fēng)土志》：除夕之夜，各相與贈送，稱為“饋歲”；酒食相邀，稱為“別歲”；長幼聚飲，祝頌完備，稱為“分歲”；大家終夜不眠，以待天明，稱曰“守歲”。
“一夜連雙歲，五更分二天”，除夕之夜，全家團聚在一起，吃過年夜飯，點起蠟燭或油燈，圍坐爐旁閑聊，等著辭舊迎新的時刻，通宵守夜，象征著把一切邪瘟病疫照跑驅(qū)走，期待著新的一年吉祥如意。這種習(xí)俗后來逐漸盛行，到唐朝初期，唐太宗李世民寫有“守歲”詩：“寒辭去冬雪，暖帶入春風(fēng)”。直到今天，人們還習(xí)慣在除夕之夜守歲迎新。
古時守歲有兩種含義：年長者守歲為“辭舊歲”，有珍愛光陰的意思；年輕人守歲，是為延長父母壽命。自漢代以來，新舊年交替的時刻一般為夜半時分。
爆竹
中國民間有“開門爆竹”一說。即在新的一年到來之際，家家戶戶開門的第一件事就是燃放爆竹，以嗶嗶叭叭的爆竹聲除舊迎新。爆竹是中國特產(chǎn)，亦稱“爆仗”、“炮仗”、“鞭炮”。其起源很早，至今已有兩千多年的歷史。放爆竹可以創(chuàng)造出喜慶熱鬧的氣氛，是節(jié)日的一種娛樂活動，可以給人們帶來歡愉和吉利。隨著時間的推移，爆竹的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛，品種花色也日見繁多，每逢重大節(jié)日及喜事慶典，及婚嫁、建房、開業(yè)等，都要燃放爆竹以示慶賀，圖個吉利?，F(xiàn)在，湖南瀏陽，廣東佛山和東堯，江西的宜春和萍鄉(xiāng)、浙江溫州等地區(qū)是我國的花炮之鄉(xiāng),生產(chǎn)的爆竹花色多，品質(zhì)高，不僅暢銷全國，而且還遠(yuǎn)銷世界。
拜年
新年的初一，人們都早早起來，穿上最漂亮的衣服，打扮得整整齊齊，出門去走親訪友，相互拜年，恭祝來年大吉大利。拜年的方式多種多樣，有的是同族長帶領(lǐng)若干人挨家挨戶地拜年；有的是同事相邀幾個人去拜年；也有大家聚在一起相互祝賀，稱為“團拜”。由于登門拜年費時費力，后來一些上層人物和士大夫便使用各貼相互投賀，由此發(fā)展出來后來的“賀年片”。
春節(jié)拜年時，晚輩要先給長輩拜年，祝長輩人長壽安康，長輩可將事先準(zhǔn)備好的壓歲錢分給晚輩，據(jù)說壓歲錢可以壓住邪祟，因為“歲”與“祟”諧音，晚輩得到壓歲錢就可以平平安安度過一歲。壓歲錢有兩種，一種是以彩繩穿線編作龍形，置于床腳，此記載見于《燕京歲時記》；另一種是最常見的，即由家長用紅紙包裹分給孩子的錢。壓歲錢可在晚輩拜年后當(dāng)眾賞給，亦可在除夕夜孩子睡著時，由家長偷偷地放在孩子的枕頭底下?，F(xiàn)在長輩為晚輩分送壓歲錢的習(xí)俗仍然盛行。
春節(jié)食俗
在古代的農(nóng)業(yè)社會里，大約自臘月初八以后，家庭主婦們就要忙著張羅過年的食品了。因為腌制臘味所需的時間較長，所以必須盡早準(zhǔn)備，我國許多省份都有腌臘味的習(xí)俗，其中又以廣東省的臘味最為。
蒸年糕，年糕因為諧音“年高”，再加上有著變化多端的口味，幾乎成了家家必備的應(yīng)景食品。年糕的式樣有方塊狀的黃、白年糕，象征著黃金、白銀，寄寓新年發(fā)財?shù)囊馑肌?BR> 年糕的口味因地而異。北京人喜食江米或黃米制成的紅棗年糕、百果年糕和白年糕。河北人則喜歡在年糕中加入大棗、小紅豆及綠豆等一起蒸食。山西北部在內(nèi)蒙古等地，過年時習(xí)慣吃黃米粉油炸年糕，有的還包上豆沙、棗泥等餡，山東人則用黃米、紅棗蒸年糕。北方的年糕以甜為主，或蒸或炸，也有人干脆沾糖吃。南方的年糕則甜咸兼具，例如蘇州及寧波的年糕，以粳米制作，味道清淡。除了蒸、炸以外，還可以切片炒食或是煮湯。甜味的年糕以糯米粉加白糖、豬油、玫瑰、桂花、薄荷、素蓉等配料，做工精細(xì)，可以直接蒸食或是沾上蛋清油炸。
真正過年的前一夜叫團圓夜，離家在外的游子都要不遠(yuǎn)千里萬里趕回家來，全家人要圍坐在一起包餃子過年，餃子的作法是先和面做成餃子皮，再用皮包上餡，餡的內(nèi)容是五花八門，各種肉、蛋、海鮮、時令蔬菜等都可入餡，正統(tǒng)的餃子吃法，是清水煮熟，撈起后以調(diào)有醋、蒜末、香油的醬油為佐料沾著吃。也有炸餃子、烙餃子（鍋貼）等吃法。因為和面的“和”字就是“合”的意思；餃子的“餃”和“交”諧音，“合”和“交”又有相聚之意，所以用餃子象征團聚合歡；又取更歲交子之意，非常吉利；此外，餃子因為形似元寶，過年時吃餃子，也帶有“招財進寶”的吉祥含義。一家大小聚在一起包餃子，話新春，其樂融融。
以上是小編提供的春節(jié)的由來和習(xí)俗，恭祝大家春節(jié)快樂，事事如意！