筆者整理出中考英語(yǔ)中比較常見的四個(gè)表示花費(fèi)詞匯的分析，希望對(duì)廣大中考生的英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)習(xí)帶來幫助。
spend
主語(yǔ)通常是人，往往用于以下句型：
1. (sb.) spend some money/some time on sth.
2. (sb.)spend some money/some time(in)doing sth.
例如：
I spent fifty yuan on the coat.
= I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat. 我花50元買了這件大衣。
He spent three days on the work.
= He spend three days (in) doing the work. 我干這項(xiàng)工作用了3天。
3.spend money for sth. 花錢買……。
例如：His money was spent for books. 他的錢用來買書了。
take
常用于“占用、花費(fèi)”時(shí)間，后面常跟雙賓語(yǔ)，其主語(yǔ)通常為形式主語(yǔ)“it”或物。句式是：
1. It takes/took sb.some time to do sth
例如：It will take me two days to do the work. 這項(xiàng)工作花了2天時(shí)間。
2. Doing sth./Sth.takes sb.some time.
例如： The work will take me two days。這項(xiàng)工作花了2天時(shí)間。
Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修車。
It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses。
=Drawing the beautiful horses took me three years。
畫這些漂亮的馬花費(fèi)了我3年時(shí)間。
pay
為“付款、賠償”之意，主語(yǔ)通常是人，句型有：
1. sb. pays some money for sth.
例如： I paid fifty yuan for the coat。我花50元買了這件大衣。
2. pay (sb.) money for sth. 付錢(給某人)買……。
例如：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每個(gè)月要付20英磅的房租。
3. pay money back 還錢。
例如：May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借給我12塊錢嗎？下周還你。
4. pay off one's money 還清錢。
cost
的主語(yǔ)是物或某種活動(dòng)， 還可以表示“值”。句型有：
1. sth. costs (sb.) ＋money, 某物花了(某人)多少錢。
例如：A new computer costs a lot of money. 買一臺(tái)新電腦要花一大筆錢。
2. (doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋time, 某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少時(shí)間。
例如：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量時(shí)間才記住了這些單詞。
注意：cost的過去式及過去分詞都是cost，并且不能用于被動(dòng)句。
北京市海淀區(qū)中考試題例析：
I'm interested in animals, so I _____________ every Saturday working in an animal hospital。
A. pay B. get C. take D. spend
【答案】D
【解析】該題考查的是pay, get, take和spend這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別。只有動(dòng)詞spend可以用在sb. spends time doing sth. 這個(gè)句型里，所以正確答案應(yīng)是spend。
This science book ____ me a great amount of money。
A. took B. cost C. used D. spent
【答案】B
spend
主語(yǔ)通常是人，往往用于以下句型：
1. (sb.) spend some money/some time on sth.
2. (sb.)spend some money/some time(in)doing sth.
例如：
I spent fifty yuan on the coat.
= I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat. 我花50元買了這件大衣。
He spent three days on the work.
= He spend three days (in) doing the work. 我干這項(xiàng)工作用了3天。
3.spend money for sth. 花錢買……。
例如：His money was spent for books. 他的錢用來買書了。
take
常用于“占用、花費(fèi)”時(shí)間，后面常跟雙賓語(yǔ)，其主語(yǔ)通常為形式主語(yǔ)“it”或物。句式是：
1. It takes/took sb.some time to do sth
例如：It will take me two days to do the work. 這項(xiàng)工作花了2天時(shí)間。
2. Doing sth./Sth.takes sb.some time.
例如： The work will take me two days。這項(xiàng)工作花了2天時(shí)間。
Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修車。
It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses。
=Drawing the beautiful horses took me three years。
畫這些漂亮的馬花費(fèi)了我3年時(shí)間。
pay
為“付款、賠償”之意，主語(yǔ)通常是人，句型有：
1. sb. pays some money for sth.
例如： I paid fifty yuan for the coat。我花50元買了這件大衣。
2. pay (sb.) money for sth. 付錢(給某人)買……。
例如：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每個(gè)月要付20英磅的房租。
3. pay money back 還錢。
例如：May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借給我12塊錢嗎？下周還你。
4. pay off one's money 還清錢。
cost
的主語(yǔ)是物或某種活動(dòng)， 還可以表示“值”。句型有：
1. sth. costs (sb.) ＋money, 某物花了(某人)多少錢。
例如：A new computer costs a lot of money. 買一臺(tái)新電腦要花一大筆錢。
2. (doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋time, 某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少時(shí)間。
例如：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量時(shí)間才記住了這些單詞。
注意：cost的過去式及過去分詞都是cost，并且不能用于被動(dòng)句。
北京市海淀區(qū)中考試題例析：
I'm interested in animals, so I _____________ every Saturday working in an animal hospital。
A. pay B. get C. take D. spend
【答案】D
【解析】該題考查的是pay, get, take和spend這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別。只有動(dòng)詞spend可以用在sb. spends time doing sth. 這個(gè)句型里，所以正確答案應(yīng)是spend。
This science book ____ me a great amount of money。
A. took B. cost C. used D. spent
【答案】B