2011年考研英語模擬試題解析

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The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, (1) ____ this is largely because, (2) _____animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are (3) ______to perceiving those smells which float through the air, (4) _____ the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, (5) ____, we are extremely sensitive to smells, (6) _____ we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of (7) _____ human smells even when these are (8) _____ to far below one part in one million. 1.[A]although [B]as [C]but [D] while [答疑編號1000020201]「參考答案」C「答案解析」although 表示讓步;but表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系; while 表示時間或者對比。四個選項(xiàng)中,but是表示轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞,but后面的內(nèi)容是語句重心所在。While也可以表示對比、轉(zhuǎn)折,但作為從屬連詞也有讓步含義。從本題前后的語義關(guān)系來看,后半句語義應(yīng)當(dāng)是重心所在。因此,正確答案為C.
    2. [A] above [B] unlike [C] excluding [D] besides [答疑編號1000020202]「參考答案」B「答案解析」…this is largely because, animals, we stand upright. "而這在很大程度上是因?yàn)槿祟愔绷⑿凶?,這一點(diǎn)與動物……" 人類直立行走,而動物卻不同。因此,正確答案為B.
     3. [A] limited [B] committed [C] dedicated [D] confined [答疑編號1000020203]「參考答案」A「答案解析」選項(xiàng)A. be limited to 被限制在……;B. be committed to 被交給……,答應(yīng)承擔(dān)……義務(wù);C. be dedicated to 奉獻(xiàn),獻(xiàn)給;D. be confined to 限制在,局限于。根據(jù)句意可以排除B、C項(xiàng)。be confined to有"把……局限/限制于"的含義,但是它一般用于具體范圍的"局限、限制",與句子的語境不符。因此,正確答案為A.
    4.[A] catching [B] ignoring [C] missing [D] tracking [答疑編號1000020204]「參考答案」C「答案解析」選項(xiàng)A. catching 抓?。籅. ignoring 忽略;C. missing 錯過;D. tracking 跟蹤,追溯。前面說我們的鼻子只能聞到浮在空氣中的氣味,對于大部分停留在表面的氣味當(dāng)然是"聞不到".首先可以排除A、D項(xiàng),ignore含有"有意不……"的意思,顯然不符合語境。故正確答案為C.
     5. [A] anyway [B] though [C] instead [D] therefore [答疑編號1000020205]「參考答案」B「答案解析」由于本句中的in fact提示了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,因此要選擇轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系詞。選項(xiàng)A. anyway 無論如何(表示讓步);B. though 雖然(表示讓步或轉(zhuǎn)折);C. instead 相反;D. therefore 因此(表示結(jié)果)。四個選項(xiàng)中,只有though能與in fact連用表示轉(zhuǎn)折(不過,事實(shí)上……)。因此,正確答案為B.
     6. [A] even if [B] if only [C] only if [D] as if [答疑編號1000020206]「參考答案」A「答案解析」"事實(shí)上,我們對氣味極其敏感,……我們一般沒有意識到。" 選項(xiàng)A. even if 即使(表讓步);B. if only 但愿(后常接虛擬語氣,表示愿望);C. only if 如果(用于表達(dá)條件關(guān)系,only表強(qiáng)調(diào));D. as if 似乎(用于表達(dá)比較關(guān)系)。四個選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng) even if 用于表達(dá)讓步關(guān)系"即使".因此,正確答案為A.
    7.[A] distinguishing [B] discovering [C] determining [D] detecting [答疑編號1000020207]「參考答案」D「答案解析」本題目選擇動名詞,在句子中充當(dāng)謂語的動作內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)A. distinguishing 區(qū)別;B. discovering 發(fā)現(xiàn);C. determining 決定;D. detecting發(fā)現(xiàn),發(fā)覺,感知。我們的鼻子只能是感知(引申為聞到)人的氣味".因此,正確答案為D.
    8. [A] diluted [B] dissolved [C] dispersed [D] diffused [答疑編號1000020208]「參考答案」A「答案解析」本題目選擇動詞過去分詞形式,構(gòu)成 "be…to "的短語。選項(xiàng)A. diluted 稀釋的(可以用在液體或氣體的稀釋);B. dissolved 溶解(通常指固體溶解為液體);C. dispersed 散開;D. diffused 擴(kuò)散,彌漫。氣味應(yīng)該是被稀釋或沖淡到百萬分之一。因此,正確答案為A. Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another。(9)____others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate (10) ______smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send (11) ______to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell (12) _____can suddenly become sensitive to it when (13)_____ to it often enough.
    9. [A] when [B] since [C] for [D] whereas [答疑編號1000020209]「參考答案」D「答案解析」"奇怪的是,有些人發(fā)現(xiàn)他們可以聞到一種花香,卻聞不出另一種,……有些人卻對兩種花香都很敏感。" 顯然構(gòu)成一種對比關(guān)系,只有whereas能用于引導(dǎo)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列句。因此,正確答案為D.
    10. [A] unusual [B] particular [C] unique [D] typical [答疑編號1000020210]「參考答案」B「答案解析」"這意味著有些人的鼻子里缺少某種基因,這種基因是激發(fā)人鼻子里的……氣味感知器所必需的。"選項(xiàng)A. unusual 不尋常的;B. particular 特別的,特定的;C. unique 獨(dú)一無二的;D. typical 典型的。這種"氣味感知器"具有感知?dú)馕哆@種特定的功能。因此,正確答案為B.
    11. [A] signs [B] stimuli [C]messages [D]impulses [答疑編號1000020211]「參考答案」C「答案解析」"這些感知器是一種細(xì)胞。這種細(xì)胞能夠感知?dú)馕?,并且向大腦傳遞……"選項(xiàng)A. signs 標(biāo)記;B. stimuli刺激;C. messages 信息,信號;D. impulses 沖動,推動。身體的各個器官向大腦傳遞的是信號。因此,正確答案為C.
    12. [A] at first [B]at all [C]at large [D] at times [答疑編號1000020212]「參考答案」A「答案解析」"然而,……對某種特定氣味不敏感的人也能突然變得敏感起來。"在本句中,供選的狀語修飾整個句子。選項(xiàng)A. at first 起初;B. at all 根本;C. at large 全面地,詳細(xì)地,無拘無束地; D. at times 有時。由于謂語部分的頻度狀語"突然"體現(xiàn)了時間的交替關(guān)系,句子應(yīng)該表達(dá)起初不敏感。因此,正確答案為A.
    13. [A] subjected [B] left [C] drawn [D] exposed [答疑編號1000020213]「參考答案」D「答案解析」"然而,起初對某種特定氣味不敏感的人也會突然變得敏感起來,當(dāng)他們經(jīng)?!谶@種氣味中時。"選項(xiàng)A. be subjected to 遭受,屈服于;B. be left to 被留給……;C. be drawn to 被拖到……;D. be exposed to 暴露在……(經(jīng)常接觸)。語境表達(dá)的是人處于某種氣味所籠罩的環(huán)境中。因此,正確答案為D. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it (14) _____ to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can (15) _____ new receptors if necessary. This may (16) ______explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells——we simply do not need to be. We are not (17) ______of the usual smell of our own house, but we (18) _____ new smells when we visit someone else's. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors (19) ______for unfamiliar and emergency signals (20) _____the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.
    effectiveness efficiency
    14. [A] ineffective [B] incompetent [C] inefficient [D] insufficient [答疑編號1000020214]「參考答案」C「答案解析」選項(xiàng)A. ineffective 無效的,不起作用的;B. incompetent 不能勝任的;C. inefficient 效率低的;D. insufficient 不足的,不夠的。根據(jù)語境,首先可以排除B、D項(xiàng)。ineffective 和 inefficient一個強(qiáng)調(diào)效果,一個強(qiáng)調(diào)效率。大腦發(fā)現(xiàn)讓所有的氣味感知器一直處于工作狀態(tài)會使氣味感知器的效率降低。因此,正確答案為C.
    15. [A] introduce [B] summon [C] trigger [D] create [答疑編號1000020215]「參考答案」D「答案解析」選項(xiàng)A. introduce 介紹,引進(jìn);B. summon 呼喚,號召;C. trigger 扣動扳機(jī),一觸即發(fā);D. create 創(chuàng)造,產(chǎn)生(從無到有)。trigger the receptors"激活受體"是常見的搭配,但"激活"應(yīng)該是對現(xiàn)已存在的食物而言。從空格后面的new來判斷,只有create才符合邏輯。因此,正確答案為D.
    16. [A] still [B]also [C] otherwise [D] nevertheless [答疑編號1000020216]「參考答案」B「答案解析」"這……可以解釋為什么我們通常對自己的氣味不敏感——我們根本不需要(對自己的氣味敏感)。"選項(xiàng)A. still 仍然;B. also 也;C. otherwise 否則;D. nevertheless 然而,雖然如此。"this"這個詞就表明了邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)該是并列,翻譯成"也",表示和前面的句子是相同或者相近的含義。因此,正確答案為B.
    17. [A] sure [B] sick [C] aware [D] tired [答疑編號1000020217]「參考答案」C「答案解析」此句的意思是:我們意識不到自己家里的氣味,但當(dāng)我們?nèi)グ菰L他人時就會留意到新的氣味。因此,選aware of. sure of "確信",sick of "厭倦",tired of "厭倦"都不合句意。
    18. [A] tolerate [B] repel [C] neglect [D] notice [答疑編號1000020218]「參考答案」D「答案解析」選項(xiàng)A. tolerate 忍受;B. repel 抵制;C. neglect 忽略;D. notice 注意到。句子中的 "but"提供了信息,前后兩個句子含義相反。前面提到"沒有注意到自己房間的氣味",后面就應(yīng)該是聞到新的氣味。因此,正確答案為D.
     19. [A] available [B] reliable [C] identifiable [D] suitable [答疑編號1000020219]「參考答案」A「答案解析」選項(xiàng)A. available 可達(dá)到的,可工作的;B. reliable 可靠的;C. identifiable 可辨認(rèn)的;D. suitable 適合的。 "大腦會使氣味感知器工作來處理隨時接受不熟悉和緊急信號",故選available,符合句子含義。
    20. [A] similar to [B] such as [C] along with [D] aside from [答疑編號1000020220]「參考答案」B「答案解析」選項(xiàng)A. similar to 相似于;B. such as 例如;C. along with 和……一起;D. aside from 除……之外。煙的氣味恰恰被包含在前面相鄰的"不熟悉和緊急信號"之中,應(yīng)該選擇表示列舉意義的短語。因此,正確答案為B.