2011年考研臨近，考研教育專家根據(jù)2011年考研寫作的命題要求，特別整理了寫作高分秘籍與大家分享，希望能在最后的時間里幫助大家限度的提高寫作能力！
第四篇 應用文
滿分策略：
4.1信函寫作：個人書信
語域使用：正式—使用禮貌表達，不用縮略語（對公）
半正式—可以使用縮略和口語表達（對私）
非正式（一般不考）——It depends
組成部分：稱呼、正文、落款
4.1.1格式：稱呼、落款、正文
4.1.2內(nèi)容
三段（8句）：寫作目的段、細化段、感謝或者期待。
4.1.3各種信函內(nèi)容安排
建議信：2007年及2009年P(guān)artA真題及解析：
基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型：
Dear…
自我介紹，贊揚在先，仍需改進，提出建議。
建議細節(jié)
期望改進，表示感謝。
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
與投訴信比較：仍然以提建議為主：無需贊揚，直接表明寫信目的—即提建議：最后無需感謝，只需表示期待改進。
常用句型：
I am writing with my suggestion about………
I would like to suggest that…
I hope you will find these suggestions helpful
I would like to extend my appreciation if you are so kind as to take my suggestions into consideration
We would like to draw your attention to something you have obviously failed to notice（投訴信）
I am writing to express my concern|dissatisfaction|disappointment about…（投訴信）
To improve the situation ，it is advisable for you to take the following measures（投訴信）
We trust that you will now consider this matter seriously and make an effort to prevent the recurrence of this kind （投訴信）
致歉信：2008PartA真題及解析
基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型：
Dear…
表明寫信目的：道歉
闡述道歉原因，并提出解決方法。
再次道歉。
常用句型：
I am writing to apologize to you for my failing to …
Here is my deepest apology for ……
I would like to express my apologies for not being able to…
I am writing to you with some embarrassment and many apologies.
Excuse me for my carelessness in making such a mess
I am really sorry for the trouble.Would you mind if I …。？
Would it be convenient for you …？
To make up for the inconvenience caused，I would like to ……
Once again ，I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.
申請信：2006年P(guān)artA 真題及解析（申請信）
基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型：
Dear…
告知信息來源及寫信目的
突出重點的自我介紹，
附簡歷
表示感謝。
Yours sincerely ，
Li Ming
常用句型：
I learnt from the newspaper that you are wanting an accountant and I would like to apply for the job
Sb， suggested me to write to you about the medical physicist position at ABC Med-Instrument Corporation
Enclosed is my resume to provide additional information about my undergraduate work.
I would appreciate the opportunity to meet with you to discuss further how my qualifications meet the needs of your organization.
Thank you for your time and consideration.
辭職信：2005年P(guān)artA真題及解析（辭職信）：
基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型：
Dear…，
寫信目的表明要辭職。
給出辭職原因。
感謝栽培并表示抱歉。
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
常用句型：
I am sorry to tell you that I decided to quit the job of being a …職業(yè)。
I am writing to inform you of my decision： I am going to quit my present job.
Please accept my apology.
I have been trying in vain to convince myself that the job is interesting.
I highly appreciate the invaluable experience and happy days working here.
Thank you for your patience ， understanding ， and trust.
詢問信：考研英語大綱樣題應用文部分（詢問信）：
基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型：
Dear …，
自我介紹，表明寫信目的是咨詢某事。
詢問細節(jié)。
感謝及相關(guān)信息。
Your sincerely
Li Ming
常用句型：
27.I am writing this letter to inquire about …
28.I want to/would like to know …
29.I wonder if …
30.Would it be possible for you to …？
31.How should I pay for these books ？—by cash or by other means ？
32.Finally ， if I order these books now， when can I get them ？ How will these books be delivered to my house？
33.I should be grateful if you could give me an early reply.
邀請信：
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
Dear…，
發(fā)出邀請。
為何邀請細節(jié)。
期望參加。
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
常用句型：
We are having a farewell party/a gather together/meeting/seminar in （place） on （date） at （time）。 Would you like to come？（不太正式）
It is my honor to inform you that there is an academic meeting in （place） on （date） at （time）。（正式）
We would be too glad to invite you as an expert to our school for the inquiry of studying abroad.
If you have no other plans for this weekend night， will you do us a favor of going to our party？
接收邀請與謝絕邀請的表達法：都要表示感謝。
Accept the invitation：
Success is the last persistence at the toughest moment.成功是最艱難時刻的堅持。
Thank you very much for your invitation.
It‘s our great pleasure to accept your invitation.
Nothing would give us greater pleasure than accepting your kind invitation.
Refuse the invitation：
Thank you so much for your invitation ， but I have had plans at the time. If you don‘t mind， let’s make an appointment next time when you are available.
I regret that I can‘t make it because of a sudden illness/full schedule/business trip.
范文解析：
Dear Professor Wang，
It is my honor to inform you that there is a “Culture Festival” held in mu school. Would you like to give us an excellent lecture on Phychology in the auditorium of our campus on sept. 13th at 6：30 P.M.？
Since phychology has caused more and more concerns among the students， and you are an expert in the area， we all expect your acceptance and your wonderful lecture.
I very much hope than you will be able to attend and give us a talk in your branch. If you have any question. Please contact me.
Look forward to hearing your lecture.
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
感謝信：
基本結(jié)構(gòu)
Dear…，
表示感謝。
感謝緣由及內(nèi)心感受。
再次感謝，寄予希望。
常用句型：
I sincerely appreciate your kindness and generosity.
Thank you ever much for the latest information.
Please accept out sincerest thanks for what you have done for us. （heartfelt gratitude）
I don‘t know how to thank you for such generous behavior. It is something that I will cherish for a long time to come.
I am now writing to express my great appreciation for the timely help you offered.
It was considerate of you to do me a great favor.
I wish there were a better word than “thanks” to express my appreciation.
Many thanks again for your generous hospitality.
Words fail me when I want to express my gratitude to you.
范文解析：
Dear Jim，
I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude. I am referring to that unfortunate accident the other day， when I was knocked off my bike by a taxi.
If it had not been for your timely assistance in giving me first aid， I fear that the Consequences might have been much more serious. Everynoe agrees that it was your quick-witted response in that emergency that has led to this satisfactory outcome……
Although nowdays people in mounting numbers talk about the need to be unselfish， we see very few people practice what they preach. If there were more people like you， this world would be a much nicer place.
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
祝賀信：
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
Dear…。，
表示祝賀，為之高興。
祝賀緣由，勞有所獲。
寄予期望，取得更大成就。
再次祝賀。
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
常用句型：
Congratulations to you no getting the scholarship.
I am just as proud as you can be of you and send my sincerest congratulations no your achievement/success/graduation.
What wonderful news！I know how happy you must be at the news of your promotion/election.
Please accept my heartiest congratulations on your graduation/getting such a good job.
I am looking forward to hearing more good news in your studies and research work.
范文解析：
Dear Mr.Smith，
I was very happy to learn that you have been elected President of the Seotland-China Associatioin and Iwould like， on behalf of the Chinese People‘s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries and in my own name，to express to you our warmest congratulations.
I hope that during your tenore of office the relations of friendship and cooperation that already exist between our two organizations will be further developed. Let us join our efforts to make greater contributions to the promotion of mutual understanding and friendship between the people‘s of China and Scotland.
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
慰問信：
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
Dear…，
表示同情，
進行安慰，
鼓勵其努力，
在此表示同情，并希望其早日復原。
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
常用句型：
I just can not tell you how sorry I was to learn of your unhappy experience/injury/accident/divorce.
I felt very sorry indeed when I was informed of your sickness.
I wish there were something I could say or do to ease your sense of loss/to soften your grief.
I know there were no words that can be a comfort to you now.
I hope that you will soon be completely restored to health/get well again.
Please don‘t hesitate to call on me if there is anything I can do now and always.
范文解析：
Dear Li Gang，
I was really shocked andsaddened to hear of your unhappy experience in the earthquake.
There is little that anyone can say or do at a time like this to ease your grief， but I would express my deepest sympathy.
In the next day or so you will receive a little package from me. I hope you like it， and that it will be useful ai your present moment.What‘s more， please don’t hesitate to contact me if there is anything else I can do now and always.
I do hope you will soon get well again and be able to come back to school. Be assured of my availability and eagerness to help in any way I can.
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
4.2 備忘錄/告示類應用文寫作（Memorandum/Notice）
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
TO：
FROM：
SUBJECT：
DATE：（month day，year）
正文
簽名
模擬題及范文：
Directions：
You are an active member of the student newspaper. The newspaper is currently looking for journalists for the summer semester. Write a memo that will appear in the newspaper next week describing the position available.
Date： August 10，2005
To： All students
From： Li Ming
4.3 摘要寫作（Abstract）
This article focuses on the …。
This thesis discuss/analyzes…。
This paper provides an overview of …
This paper presents up-to-date information on …
1、簡單概括
2、描寫畫面內(nèi)容，兩句話描寫一幅圖。
3、點明中心：重點又是新起點。
This is a very interesting and though-provoking picture.1 as is vividly depicted in the picture ，the goal keeper thought he was too small for the gate and was afraid that he could not keep the ball from entering the gate. But what the player， who was ready to shoot， thought about the goal keeper could not help us thinking the truth of the picture it conveys. In his eyes， the goal keeper was so strong that he had almost covered the whole gate. And little did he have the chance to win.2 obviously， the two players looked at the same thing in a different angle.3 （in different angles）
簡單概括
描寫畫面內(nèi)容，每幅圖分開描述，并遞進關(guān)系。
點明中心，從不同視角看待同一問題。
2. 現(xiàn)象簡介
Today ， advertisements is mounting numbers are appearing on the TV screen . 1 they are not only shown before and after all kinds of programs —— news， weather forecasts and quiz shows， etc. —— but even interrupt dramas and movies ，2 and annoy the viewers.3
1、概括介紹
2、細節(jié)介紹：怎么個多法兒——是節(jié)目前后和中間都有
3、帶來的后果就是激怒觀眾。
3.寓意象征
What a vivid and accrate picture it is when describing the meaning of love in the dark. 1 As is shown in the picture ，the love is just like the light in the picture ，which seems insignificant in the sun ，but it certainly shines brighter in the dark.2 in other words ，the darker the place is ，the more precious the light will be.3 love is somewhat the same. It surely means much moer to the man who is in great difficulty than to the one who is in comforts.4
簡要評價
對畫面的簡單描述。（結(jié)合love對畫面進行分析）
寓意說明，符合題目要求
結(jié)論：燈光在越微弱的地方越明亮，愛心在越需要的地方越有價值
Species‘extinction in America. Facing the figures， we can only admit that America’s population growth has had undesirable effect on its wildlife and will still pose a formidable threat to its wildlife resources if sufficient care is not given.3
※1、總括介紹了圖畫內(nèi)容（運用對比，強調(diào)后者）
※2、特別好的過渡方式：不是描述勝過描述
※3、結(jié)論：如果不足以重視，結(jié)果不堪設(shè)想
4、原因分析
（As far as I am concerned， there are several reasons accounting for the phenomenon.）1 First and foremost， the reasons for this phenomenon are that TV is the most efficient and rapid way of dissemination（傳播）information.2 As China develops its highly competitive market economy， manufacturers and sales people（salespersons）need to inform the general public of the latest commodities that are available.3 Furthermore， TV stations use the money that they earn from showing the advertisements to produce more programs. Last but not least， it is necessary to keep consumers informed of the range of （the）products that they may choose from.（原文的過渡出現(xiàn)在下一段）
※1、闡述中心，或者引導本段。
※2、例舉原因
※3、對已經(jīng)提出原因的拓展
However， the tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease， 1 According to the given figures， the tobacco production in 1994 was 14.364 billion pounds while in 1995 it reduced to 14.2 billion pounds. This is mainly because 2 more and more people have become aware of the harm of smoking to human brings.Many of them resist the addiction to tobacco and advise people around not to smoke. Furthermore， governments of many countries realizing the serious effects of tobacco have taken effective measures to call on people to give up smoking. So I believe a healthy tomorrow of less tobacco will be achieved through efforts of every person.3
※1、闡述中心
※2、列舉原因，this 作過渡詞
※3、如果減少吸煙人群，可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果（注意命題的積極傾向，展望未來式很合命題者口味）
5、利弊分析
In the country， on the other hand， one can enjoy the advantages of fresh air and food， and a more relaxed（relaxing）life style. Housing is usually spacious and inexpensive in the country. I and， as for recreation， what could be more relaxing than a stroll down a country lane amid beautiful scenery？ 2 However， there are disadvantages of living in either the city or the country.3 City air tends to be polluted， and the streets are always crowded and noisy. In the country， on the other hand， the lack of stimulating activities can make a person feel bored and isolated.4
※1、列舉鄉(xiāng)村居住的優(yōu)勢
※2、對優(yōu)勢的拓展說明
※3、過渡說明：劣勢開始
※4、列舉無論城鄉(xiāng)居住皆有劣勢
6、舉例說明
It seems reasonable when people laugh at the cartoon， but it would no longer be laughable when people find similar things taking place in our daily life.1 Recently there is a trend of making promises in various fields of our society. From departments of government to common shopping centers， many businesses who supple products of offer services have made various promises to their customers or service receivers.2 They assert their products to be of good quality or promise to offer excellent service.3 As a matter of fact， many of these businesses claim in the same way that（比較）the hen in the above cartoon promises to lay eggs.4
※1、過渡：第一段說到可笑，下面就談不可笑——連接
※2、例子：商場、政府的承諾行為
※3、拓展：深化承諾行為的細節(jié)
※4、結(jié)論：同母雞下蛋的承諾一樣虛無沒有價值
※表示性質(zhì)，代替adj.=of +n.（小作文高分必殺）
e.g. helpful=of any help assistant=of any assistance good=of any good harmful=of any harm
The following examples will support this point.1 In schools， a unit-exam not only declares the end of the former unit， but also acts as a reminder of the preview work for the next unit. In the business field， what a CEO needs to do at the end of a year is more than review and summarize （review and summarizing）。 It is the time to formulate and effective and efficient development plan for next year.2 Just turn back to the sports ground.（句號結(jié)束）although in front of the end there isn‘t a real start——arrowhead， there surely exists an invisible one sprouting（appearing）in every athlete’s mind， blooming（being）the training strategy of the preparation for next competition.3
※1、承上啟下
※2、舉例論證
※3、舉例的同時說明結(jié)論：終點又是新起點，正是這種心態(tài)成為下次比賽成功的技巧或策略。
7、判斷評論
It is clear that promise is what you claim you can do or you will do， not what you really are or you are expected to be.1 Generally speaking， it is good and sometimes necessary to make commitment to people， but promising what you must or should do can be considered a kind of cheating.2 What the cartoon really aims at is not the funny picture itself but to criticize this popular phenomenon existing in our society.3
※1、既點名了本段主題：談承諾，又是一個定義，起承上啟下作用。
※2、自己的建議。
※3、再次強調(diào)“承諾”這一社會現(xiàn)象。
8、問題建議
Child education has become one of the most popular topics discussed not only by educational experts， but also by people in all walks（職業(yè)、行業(yè)） of life.1 The failure of child education does more harm to the development of our society and our civilization than to the children themselves. Thus， it‘s high time that parents， educators and the government made concerted（共同努力的，同心協(xié)力的，conert得來）efforts to put an end to this situation.2（家長，老師和政府應該怎么做）
※1、引出本段主題，兒童教育的現(xiàn)狀，用婉轉(zhuǎn)的方式表達。
※2、本段結(jié)論：三方行動
In our life， what we need most is self-insurance and a proper view of challenges before us. 1 Therefore， we should bear in mind that our competitors may not be as terrible（frightening）as expected， and our painstaking efforts will pay off as long as we arm ourselves with courage and confidence.2 Only in this way can we overcome any difficulties and challenges.3
※1、從自己角度提出意見
※2、具體行動的方法
※3、only 表示強調(diào)，以及建議的價值。
9、個人選擇
All in all， I would say that living in the city is best（better），1 for the convenience the city offers in terms of education and work（job opportunities）；2 after all， one can always spend vacations in the country——and get the best of both.3
※1、選擇結(jié)果
※2、選擇原因
※3、總結(jié)
As for me， I have always led a regular life.1 By everyday exercises， I build up a strong body，2 and by reading intensively I learn to acquire a proper attitude toward life.3
※1、個人選擇或?qū)嵺`
※2、選擇帶來的好的后果
※3、拓展
10、現(xiàn)實運用
As we all know， children are the future of our country， Their healthy growth has therefore become a serious concern among many people.1 It should be made clear that too much care is not love. The real love and care for them are to prepare them for the future. When faced with difficulties， they can summon up the courage and exert their strength to overcome the difficulties. When faced with fierce competition， they can employ their knowledge， skills and experience to confront with their rival.2 This is the younger generation we can expect.3
※1、價值體現(xiàn)：孩子關(guān)乎祖國的未來。
※2、啟示：重要的原因
※3、寄予希望
2007年范文寫作
首段：圖畫描述：
This is a series of interesting and thought-provoking pictures. A goalkeeper， who is trying hard to keep the ball from the goal， sees himself as a dwarf. What‘s funnier is that the football-player， preparing to kick the ball， regards the goalkeeper as huge as the goal. The meaning conveyed by the picture is clear but profound. Both of them lack courage and confidence in front of challenges.
中間段：寓意象征+舉例說明
The majority of people would agree that everyone may feel challenged when a powerful rival appears in his/her mind. What divides them into successes and losers is their attitude towards confidence.（We can easily find the equivalent of the topic discussed here in our surroundings.）We， undergraduates girding ourselves for the NETEM（the Examination for postgraduate candidates），provide a good illustration. Some of us feel depressed when thinking that they are not able to prepare well， so they even give up the chance of participating in the examination. In fact， the exam is not as difficult as they suppose， and a little more courage and confidence will motivate them to achieve the final successs.
尾段：建議+展望
Accordingly， it is the time that we placed great emphasis on building up our confidence. What we should bear in mind is that no one can overcome difficulties without confidence.（In other words， We should be honest about the challenges we face.） only in this wa we can se a right goal. challenge it ，and achieve it.
Tips：
1.穩(wěn)重下體的部分是精彩的語言，即文章的高分點，希望同學們學習。
2.文中有下劃線的部分是范文的錯誤，希望大家思考，然后改正，避免自己在寫作時犯這樣的錯誤。
3.再次強調(diào)，希望大家不要背范文，學習精彩的句式表達，背會，通過多練習掌握這些句型。
小作文范文及解析
2007年P(guān)art A 真題及解析（投訴信
Directions：
Write a letter to your university library ，making suggestions for improveing its service. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the den of the letter. Ues “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address.
To Whom It May Concern，
I am a student in this university who regularly comes to the library to spend ma spare time. Generally speaking ，the services you offer here are quite good； however ，I have some suggestions for you to adopt. And I would like to extend my greatest appreciation if you are so kind as to take my suggestions into consideration.
To begin with ，will you please prolong the time for reading？ In the daytime， most of the students are having classes， so they can‘t come to the library. Moreover ，some of the books on shelves are out of date. If you are so kind as to provide us some books such as the latest magazines ，we will be very pleased.
I really wish to have a more comfortable library. Thank you for your time and consideration.
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
2008 Part A 真題及解析（致歉信）：
Directions：
You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob ，your landlord there. Write him a letter to
make an apology， and
suggest a solution.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the den of the letter. Ues “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address.
解析
Dear Bob，
I am writing to express my apology to you.
Several days ago，I borrowed your music CD when I lived in your house. Unfortunately，after I came back from Canada，I found it in my luggage. Was in such an hurry that I forgot to return it to you .I will send it to you by post of expose as soon as possible. If necessary，I will compensate for any troubles it may cause.
Once again，I feel so sorry for any inconvenrence caused. Please accept my apologies.
Sincerely yours，
Li Ming
2006年P(guān)art A真題及解析（申請信
Directions：
You want to contribute to project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned， asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.
Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter， use“Li Ming”instead.
Do not write the address.（10points）
解析：
To Whom It May Concern，
I am writing this letter to you to ask if there is a child in need of financial sponsorship through the Hope Foundation.
I am willing to give financial aid to those children who have not had a chance to receive education in poverty-stricken area. I would like to help two kinds of children：first，those who do not have a stable source which can cover their education fees，and second，those whose academic performance in school is excellent. I have decided to commit myself to save the necessary
financial aid required to accomplish my goal. I would also like to be kept informed as to the academic progress of each student every term.
I have not doubt（There is not doubt）that I meet the criteria required for a sponsor and look forward to hearing from you.
Thank you for your consideration.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
推薦信：
Dear，
寫作意圖：簡單介紹，自己與被推薦人關(guān)系，推薦他做什么。
推薦原因：被推薦人的相關(guān)工作經(jīng)歷或個性特點，應當突出與寫信人的相關(guān)性。
感謝與期待。
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
解析：
Dear Sir，
It is with a great pleasure that I recommend to you Mr. Li Lei， an outstanding accountant， for working in your firm.
Mr. Li graduated from China Financial University in 1991， majoring in accountancy， After graduation，he came to our firm to be an accountant. In 1996 he obtained the certificate of a certified accountant ，and in 2001 he was promoted to the one of the chief accountants of our firm because of his excellent work.
In association with me，mr. li impressed me that he was a friendly and pleasant gentleman，devoted to his firm and profession .it is surely a huge loss for our firm that he has to leave us for some personal reasons.
I recommend mr. li without reservation and believe you will find him a real treasure very soon……
Yours sincerely，
Li ming
2005年part a 真題及解析（辭職信）：
Directions：
Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine design and fashion .but now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss， mr. wang，
Telling him your decision ，stating your reason（s），and making an apology.
Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Wrte it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter； use “l(fā)i ming”instead. You do not need to write the adress.
解析：
Dear mr.wang，
I am writing this letter to apologize that I will quit the position as an editior for you are your magazine for the reason of myself.
Two months ago， I was accepted by the design and fashions，as a member of it . I was deeply impressed by the kindness，diligence of all staff members around me. But during the span of working here， I have come to realize that the job probably is not suitable for me because I want a more pesceful life ，such as a teacher. And you know that I am not an outgoing girl. I find that I am not able to devote all my efforts to a job which I do not reslly like.
So I am awfully sorry to tell you my decision to quit.please accept my apology.
Yours sincerely，
Li ming
2009年考研英語大綱樣題應用文部分（詢問信）
Directions：
You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books.Write a letter to
the sales department of bookstore to ask for：
detailed information about the books you want，
methods of payment，
time and way of delivery.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end
Of the letter.Use“Li Ming”instead.You do not need to write the address.
解析：
Dear Sir/Madam，
As a student preparing for TOEFL in the coming May，I am writing to ask if you have
Appoches to TOEFL complied by professor Wamg Sming and published by University College
Press in 2006（注意次序）
If you have the book for sale，I‘d like to mail order it.Pleasel let me know if I can pay for it.by money order or do you accept the credit card？
I‘d appreciate it if you could send me the book at your earliest convenience by EMS to the following address：
Li Ming
Room 158， student dormitory no.8
West campus， Beijing university
Beijing ，100081
Sincerely yours
Li Ming
第四篇 應用文
滿分策略：
4.1信函寫作：個人書信
語域使用：正式—使用禮貌表達，不用縮略語（對公）
半正式—可以使用縮略和口語表達（對私）
非正式（一般不考）——It depends
組成部分：稱呼、正文、落款
4.1.1格式：稱呼、落款、正文
4.1.2內(nèi)容
三段（8句）：寫作目的段、細化段、感謝或者期待。
4.1.3各種信函內(nèi)容安排
建議信：2007年及2009年P(guān)artA真題及解析：
基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型：
Dear…
自我介紹，贊揚在先，仍需改進，提出建議。
建議細節(jié)
期望改進，表示感謝。
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
與投訴信比較：仍然以提建議為主：無需贊揚，直接表明寫信目的—即提建議：最后無需感謝，只需表示期待改進。
常用句型：
I am writing with my suggestion about………
I would like to suggest that…
I hope you will find these suggestions helpful
I would like to extend my appreciation if you are so kind as to take my suggestions into consideration
We would like to draw your attention to something you have obviously failed to notice（投訴信）
I am writing to express my concern|dissatisfaction|disappointment about…（投訴信）
To improve the situation ，it is advisable for you to take the following measures（投訴信）
We trust that you will now consider this matter seriously and make an effort to prevent the recurrence of this kind （投訴信）
致歉信：2008PartA真題及解析
基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型：
Dear…
表明寫信目的：道歉
闡述道歉原因，并提出解決方法。
再次道歉。
常用句型：
I am writing to apologize to you for my failing to …
Here is my deepest apology for ……
I would like to express my apologies for not being able to…
I am writing to you with some embarrassment and many apologies.
Excuse me for my carelessness in making such a mess
I am really sorry for the trouble.Would you mind if I …。？
Would it be convenient for you …？
To make up for the inconvenience caused，I would like to ……
Once again ，I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.
申請信：2006年P(guān)artA 真題及解析（申請信）
基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型：
Dear…
告知信息來源及寫信目的
突出重點的自我介紹，
附簡歷
表示感謝。
Yours sincerely ，
Li Ming
常用句型：
I learnt from the newspaper that you are wanting an accountant and I would like to apply for the job
Sb， suggested me to write to you about the medical physicist position at ABC Med-Instrument Corporation
Enclosed is my resume to provide additional information about my undergraduate work.
I would appreciate the opportunity to meet with you to discuss further how my qualifications meet the needs of your organization.
Thank you for your time and consideration.
辭職信：2005年P(guān)artA真題及解析（辭職信）：
基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型：
Dear…，
寫信目的表明要辭職。
給出辭職原因。
感謝栽培并表示抱歉。
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
常用句型：
I am sorry to tell you that I decided to quit the job of being a …職業(yè)。
I am writing to inform you of my decision： I am going to quit my present job.
Please accept my apology.
I have been trying in vain to convince myself that the job is interesting.
I highly appreciate the invaluable experience and happy days working here.
Thank you for your patience ， understanding ， and trust.
詢問信：考研英語大綱樣題應用文部分（詢問信）：
基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型：
Dear …，
自我介紹，表明寫信目的是咨詢某事。
詢問細節(jié)。
感謝及相關(guān)信息。
Your sincerely
Li Ming
常用句型：
27.I am writing this letter to inquire about …
28.I want to/would like to know …
29.I wonder if …
30.Would it be possible for you to …？
31.How should I pay for these books ？—by cash or by other means ？
32.Finally ， if I order these books now， when can I get them ？ How will these books be delivered to my house？
33.I should be grateful if you could give me an early reply.
邀請信：
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
Dear…，
發(fā)出邀請。
為何邀請細節(jié)。
期望參加。
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
常用句型：
We are having a farewell party/a gather together/meeting/seminar in （place） on （date） at （time）。 Would you like to come？（不太正式）
It is my honor to inform you that there is an academic meeting in （place） on （date） at （time）。（正式）
We would be too glad to invite you as an expert to our school for the inquiry of studying abroad.
If you have no other plans for this weekend night， will you do us a favor of going to our party？
接收邀請與謝絕邀請的表達法：都要表示感謝。
Accept the invitation：
Success is the last persistence at the toughest moment.成功是最艱難時刻的堅持。
Thank you very much for your invitation.
It‘s our great pleasure to accept your invitation.
Nothing would give us greater pleasure than accepting your kind invitation.
Refuse the invitation：
Thank you so much for your invitation ， but I have had plans at the time. If you don‘t mind， let’s make an appointment next time when you are available.
I regret that I can‘t make it because of a sudden illness/full schedule/business trip.
范文解析：
Dear Professor Wang，
It is my honor to inform you that there is a “Culture Festival” held in mu school. Would you like to give us an excellent lecture on Phychology in the auditorium of our campus on sept. 13th at 6：30 P.M.？
Since phychology has caused more and more concerns among the students， and you are an expert in the area， we all expect your acceptance and your wonderful lecture.
I very much hope than you will be able to attend and give us a talk in your branch. If you have any question. Please contact me.
Look forward to hearing your lecture.
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
感謝信：
基本結(jié)構(gòu)
Dear…，
表示感謝。
感謝緣由及內(nèi)心感受。
再次感謝，寄予希望。
常用句型：
I sincerely appreciate your kindness and generosity.
Thank you ever much for the latest information.
Please accept out sincerest thanks for what you have done for us. （heartfelt gratitude）
I don‘t know how to thank you for such generous behavior. It is something that I will cherish for a long time to come.
I am now writing to express my great appreciation for the timely help you offered.
It was considerate of you to do me a great favor.
I wish there were a better word than “thanks” to express my appreciation.
Many thanks again for your generous hospitality.
Words fail me when I want to express my gratitude to you.
范文解析：
Dear Jim，
I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude. I am referring to that unfortunate accident the other day， when I was knocked off my bike by a taxi.
If it had not been for your timely assistance in giving me first aid， I fear that the Consequences might have been much more serious. Everynoe agrees that it was your quick-witted response in that emergency that has led to this satisfactory outcome……
Although nowdays people in mounting numbers talk about the need to be unselfish， we see very few people practice what they preach. If there were more people like you， this world would be a much nicer place.
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
祝賀信：
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
Dear…。，
表示祝賀，為之高興。
祝賀緣由，勞有所獲。
寄予期望，取得更大成就。
再次祝賀。
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
常用句型：
Congratulations to you no getting the scholarship.
I am just as proud as you can be of you and send my sincerest congratulations no your achievement/success/graduation.
What wonderful news！I know how happy you must be at the news of your promotion/election.
Please accept my heartiest congratulations on your graduation/getting such a good job.
I am looking forward to hearing more good news in your studies and research work.
范文解析：
Dear Mr.Smith，
I was very happy to learn that you have been elected President of the Seotland-China Associatioin and Iwould like， on behalf of the Chinese People‘s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries and in my own name，to express to you our warmest congratulations.
I hope that during your tenore of office the relations of friendship and cooperation that already exist between our two organizations will be further developed. Let us join our efforts to make greater contributions to the promotion of mutual understanding and friendship between the people‘s of China and Scotland.
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
慰問信：
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
Dear…，
表示同情，
進行安慰，
鼓勵其努力，
在此表示同情，并希望其早日復原。
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
常用句型：
I just can not tell you how sorry I was to learn of your unhappy experience/injury/accident/divorce.
I felt very sorry indeed when I was informed of your sickness.
I wish there were something I could say or do to ease your sense of loss/to soften your grief.
I know there were no words that can be a comfort to you now.
I hope that you will soon be completely restored to health/get well again.
Please don‘t hesitate to call on me if there is anything I can do now and always.
范文解析：
Dear Li Gang，
I was really shocked andsaddened to hear of your unhappy experience in the earthquake.
There is little that anyone can say or do at a time like this to ease your grief， but I would express my deepest sympathy.
In the next day or so you will receive a little package from me. I hope you like it， and that it will be useful ai your present moment.What‘s more， please don’t hesitate to contact me if there is anything else I can do now and always.
I do hope you will soon get well again and be able to come back to school. Be assured of my availability and eagerness to help in any way I can.
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
4.2 備忘錄/告示類應用文寫作（Memorandum/Notice）
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
TO：
FROM：
SUBJECT：
DATE：（month day，year）
正文
簽名
模擬題及范文：
Directions：
You are an active member of the student newspaper. The newspaper is currently looking for journalists for the summer semester. Write a memo that will appear in the newspaper next week describing the position available.
Date： August 10，2005
To： All students
From： Li Ming
4.3 摘要寫作（Abstract）
This article focuses on the …。
This thesis discuss/analyzes…。
This paper provides an overview of …
This paper presents up-to-date information on …
1、簡單概括
2、描寫畫面內(nèi)容，兩句話描寫一幅圖。
3、點明中心：重點又是新起點。
This is a very interesting and though-provoking picture.1 as is vividly depicted in the picture ，the goal keeper thought he was too small for the gate and was afraid that he could not keep the ball from entering the gate. But what the player， who was ready to shoot， thought about the goal keeper could not help us thinking the truth of the picture it conveys. In his eyes， the goal keeper was so strong that he had almost covered the whole gate. And little did he have the chance to win.2 obviously， the two players looked at the same thing in a different angle.3 （in different angles）
簡單概括
描寫畫面內(nèi)容，每幅圖分開描述，并遞進關(guān)系。
點明中心，從不同視角看待同一問題。
2. 現(xiàn)象簡介
Today ， advertisements is mounting numbers are appearing on the TV screen . 1 they are not only shown before and after all kinds of programs —— news， weather forecasts and quiz shows， etc. —— but even interrupt dramas and movies ，2 and annoy the viewers.3
1、概括介紹
2、細節(jié)介紹：怎么個多法兒——是節(jié)目前后和中間都有
3、帶來的后果就是激怒觀眾。
3.寓意象征
What a vivid and accrate picture it is when describing the meaning of love in the dark. 1 As is shown in the picture ，the love is just like the light in the picture ，which seems insignificant in the sun ，but it certainly shines brighter in the dark.2 in other words ，the darker the place is ，the more precious the light will be.3 love is somewhat the same. It surely means much moer to the man who is in great difficulty than to the one who is in comforts.4
簡要評價
對畫面的簡單描述。（結(jié)合love對畫面進行分析）
寓意說明，符合題目要求
結(jié)論：燈光在越微弱的地方越明亮，愛心在越需要的地方越有價值
Species‘extinction in America. Facing the figures， we can only admit that America’s population growth has had undesirable effect on its wildlife and will still pose a formidable threat to its wildlife resources if sufficient care is not given.3
※1、總括介紹了圖畫內(nèi)容（運用對比，強調(diào)后者）
※2、特別好的過渡方式：不是描述勝過描述
※3、結(jié)論：如果不足以重視，結(jié)果不堪設(shè)想
4、原因分析
（As far as I am concerned， there are several reasons accounting for the phenomenon.）1 First and foremost， the reasons for this phenomenon are that TV is the most efficient and rapid way of dissemination（傳播）information.2 As China develops its highly competitive market economy， manufacturers and sales people（salespersons）need to inform the general public of the latest commodities that are available.3 Furthermore， TV stations use the money that they earn from showing the advertisements to produce more programs. Last but not least， it is necessary to keep consumers informed of the range of （the）products that they may choose from.（原文的過渡出現(xiàn)在下一段）
※1、闡述中心，或者引導本段。
※2、例舉原因
※3、對已經(jīng)提出原因的拓展
However， the tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease， 1 According to the given figures， the tobacco production in 1994 was 14.364 billion pounds while in 1995 it reduced to 14.2 billion pounds. This is mainly because 2 more and more people have become aware of the harm of smoking to human brings.Many of them resist the addiction to tobacco and advise people around not to smoke. Furthermore， governments of many countries realizing the serious effects of tobacco have taken effective measures to call on people to give up smoking. So I believe a healthy tomorrow of less tobacco will be achieved through efforts of every person.3
※1、闡述中心
※2、列舉原因，this 作過渡詞
※3、如果減少吸煙人群，可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果（注意命題的積極傾向，展望未來式很合命題者口味）
5、利弊分析
In the country， on the other hand， one can enjoy the advantages of fresh air and food， and a more relaxed（relaxing）life style. Housing is usually spacious and inexpensive in the country. I and， as for recreation， what could be more relaxing than a stroll down a country lane amid beautiful scenery？ 2 However， there are disadvantages of living in either the city or the country.3 City air tends to be polluted， and the streets are always crowded and noisy. In the country， on the other hand， the lack of stimulating activities can make a person feel bored and isolated.4
※1、列舉鄉(xiāng)村居住的優(yōu)勢
※2、對優(yōu)勢的拓展說明
※3、過渡說明：劣勢開始
※4、列舉無論城鄉(xiāng)居住皆有劣勢
6、舉例說明
It seems reasonable when people laugh at the cartoon， but it would no longer be laughable when people find similar things taking place in our daily life.1 Recently there is a trend of making promises in various fields of our society. From departments of government to common shopping centers， many businesses who supple products of offer services have made various promises to their customers or service receivers.2 They assert their products to be of good quality or promise to offer excellent service.3 As a matter of fact， many of these businesses claim in the same way that（比較）the hen in the above cartoon promises to lay eggs.4
※1、過渡：第一段說到可笑，下面就談不可笑——連接
※2、例子：商場、政府的承諾行為
※3、拓展：深化承諾行為的細節(jié)
※4、結(jié)論：同母雞下蛋的承諾一樣虛無沒有價值
※表示性質(zhì)，代替adj.=of +n.（小作文高分必殺）
e.g. helpful=of any help assistant=of any assistance good=of any good harmful=of any harm
The following examples will support this point.1 In schools， a unit-exam not only declares the end of the former unit， but also acts as a reminder of the preview work for the next unit. In the business field， what a CEO needs to do at the end of a year is more than review and summarize （review and summarizing）。 It is the time to formulate and effective and efficient development plan for next year.2 Just turn back to the sports ground.（句號結(jié)束）although in front of the end there isn‘t a real start——arrowhead， there surely exists an invisible one sprouting（appearing）in every athlete’s mind， blooming（being）the training strategy of the preparation for next competition.3
※1、承上啟下
※2、舉例論證
※3、舉例的同時說明結(jié)論：終點又是新起點，正是這種心態(tài)成為下次比賽成功的技巧或策略。
7、判斷評論
It is clear that promise is what you claim you can do or you will do， not what you really are or you are expected to be.1 Generally speaking， it is good and sometimes necessary to make commitment to people， but promising what you must or should do can be considered a kind of cheating.2 What the cartoon really aims at is not the funny picture itself but to criticize this popular phenomenon existing in our society.3
※1、既點名了本段主題：談承諾，又是一個定義，起承上啟下作用。
※2、自己的建議。
※3、再次強調(diào)“承諾”這一社會現(xiàn)象。
8、問題建議
Child education has become one of the most popular topics discussed not only by educational experts， but also by people in all walks（職業(yè)、行業(yè)） of life.1 The failure of child education does more harm to the development of our society and our civilization than to the children themselves. Thus， it‘s high time that parents， educators and the government made concerted（共同努力的，同心協(xié)力的，conert得來）efforts to put an end to this situation.2（家長，老師和政府應該怎么做）
※1、引出本段主題，兒童教育的現(xiàn)狀，用婉轉(zhuǎn)的方式表達。
※2、本段結(jié)論：三方行動
In our life， what we need most is self-insurance and a proper view of challenges before us. 1 Therefore， we should bear in mind that our competitors may not be as terrible（frightening）as expected， and our painstaking efforts will pay off as long as we arm ourselves with courage and confidence.2 Only in this way can we overcome any difficulties and challenges.3
※1、從自己角度提出意見
※2、具體行動的方法
※3、only 表示強調(diào)，以及建議的價值。
9、個人選擇
All in all， I would say that living in the city is best（better），1 for the convenience the city offers in terms of education and work（job opportunities）；2 after all， one can always spend vacations in the country——and get the best of both.3
※1、選擇結(jié)果
※2、選擇原因
※3、總結(jié)
As for me， I have always led a regular life.1 By everyday exercises， I build up a strong body，2 and by reading intensively I learn to acquire a proper attitude toward life.3
※1、個人選擇或?qū)嵺`
※2、選擇帶來的好的后果
※3、拓展
10、現(xiàn)實運用
As we all know， children are the future of our country， Their healthy growth has therefore become a serious concern among many people.1 It should be made clear that too much care is not love. The real love and care for them are to prepare them for the future. When faced with difficulties， they can summon up the courage and exert their strength to overcome the difficulties. When faced with fierce competition， they can employ their knowledge， skills and experience to confront with their rival.2 This is the younger generation we can expect.3
※1、價值體現(xiàn)：孩子關(guān)乎祖國的未來。
※2、啟示：重要的原因
※3、寄予希望
2007年范文寫作
首段：圖畫描述：
This is a series of interesting and thought-provoking pictures. A goalkeeper， who is trying hard to keep the ball from the goal， sees himself as a dwarf. What‘s funnier is that the football-player， preparing to kick the ball， regards the goalkeeper as huge as the goal. The meaning conveyed by the picture is clear but profound. Both of them lack courage and confidence in front of challenges.
中間段：寓意象征+舉例說明
The majority of people would agree that everyone may feel challenged when a powerful rival appears in his/her mind. What divides them into successes and losers is their attitude towards confidence.（We can easily find the equivalent of the topic discussed here in our surroundings.）We， undergraduates girding ourselves for the NETEM（the Examination for postgraduate candidates），provide a good illustration. Some of us feel depressed when thinking that they are not able to prepare well， so they even give up the chance of participating in the examination. In fact， the exam is not as difficult as they suppose， and a little more courage and confidence will motivate them to achieve the final successs.
尾段：建議+展望
Accordingly， it is the time that we placed great emphasis on building up our confidence. What we should bear in mind is that no one can overcome difficulties without confidence.（In other words， We should be honest about the challenges we face.） only in this wa we can se a right goal. challenge it ，and achieve it.
Tips：
1.穩(wěn)重下體的部分是精彩的語言，即文章的高分點，希望同學們學習。
2.文中有下劃線的部分是范文的錯誤，希望大家思考，然后改正，避免自己在寫作時犯這樣的錯誤。
3.再次強調(diào)，希望大家不要背范文，學習精彩的句式表達，背會，通過多練習掌握這些句型。
小作文范文及解析
2007年P(guān)art A 真題及解析（投訴信
Directions：
Write a letter to your university library ，making suggestions for improveing its service. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the den of the letter. Ues “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address.
To Whom It May Concern，
I am a student in this university who regularly comes to the library to spend ma spare time. Generally speaking ，the services you offer here are quite good； however ，I have some suggestions for you to adopt. And I would like to extend my greatest appreciation if you are so kind as to take my suggestions into consideration.
To begin with ，will you please prolong the time for reading？ In the daytime， most of the students are having classes， so they can‘t come to the library. Moreover ，some of the books on shelves are out of date. If you are so kind as to provide us some books such as the latest magazines ，we will be very pleased.
I really wish to have a more comfortable library. Thank you for your time and consideration.
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
2008 Part A 真題及解析（致歉信）：
Directions：
You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob ，your landlord there. Write him a letter to
make an apology， and
suggest a solution.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the den of the letter. Ues “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address.
解析
Dear Bob，
I am writing to express my apology to you.
Several days ago，I borrowed your music CD when I lived in your house. Unfortunately，after I came back from Canada，I found it in my luggage. Was in such an hurry that I forgot to return it to you .I will send it to you by post of expose as soon as possible. If necessary，I will compensate for any troubles it may cause.
Once again，I feel so sorry for any inconvenrence caused. Please accept my apologies.
Sincerely yours，
Li Ming
2006年P(guān)art A真題及解析（申請信
Directions：
You want to contribute to project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned， asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.
Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter， use“Li Ming”instead.
Do not write the address.（10points）
解析：
To Whom It May Concern，
I am writing this letter to you to ask if there is a child in need of financial sponsorship through the Hope Foundation.
I am willing to give financial aid to those children who have not had a chance to receive education in poverty-stricken area. I would like to help two kinds of children：first，those who do not have a stable source which can cover their education fees，and second，those whose academic performance in school is excellent. I have decided to commit myself to save the necessary
financial aid required to accomplish my goal. I would also like to be kept informed as to the academic progress of each student every term.
I have not doubt（There is not doubt）that I meet the criteria required for a sponsor and look forward to hearing from you.
Thank you for your consideration.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
推薦信：
Dear，
寫作意圖：簡單介紹，自己與被推薦人關(guān)系，推薦他做什么。
推薦原因：被推薦人的相關(guān)工作經(jīng)歷或個性特點，應當突出與寫信人的相關(guān)性。
感謝與期待。
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
解析：
Dear Sir，
It is with a great pleasure that I recommend to you Mr. Li Lei， an outstanding accountant， for working in your firm.
Mr. Li graduated from China Financial University in 1991， majoring in accountancy， After graduation，he came to our firm to be an accountant. In 1996 he obtained the certificate of a certified accountant ，and in 2001 he was promoted to the one of the chief accountants of our firm because of his excellent work.
In association with me，mr. li impressed me that he was a friendly and pleasant gentleman，devoted to his firm and profession .it is surely a huge loss for our firm that he has to leave us for some personal reasons.
I recommend mr. li without reservation and believe you will find him a real treasure very soon……
Yours sincerely，
Li ming
2005年part a 真題及解析（辭職信）：
Directions：
Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine design and fashion .but now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss， mr. wang，
Telling him your decision ，stating your reason（s），and making an apology.
Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Wrte it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter； use “l(fā)i ming”instead. You do not need to write the adress.
解析：
Dear mr.wang，
I am writing this letter to apologize that I will quit the position as an editior for you are your magazine for the reason of myself.
Two months ago， I was accepted by the design and fashions，as a member of it . I was deeply impressed by the kindness，diligence of all staff members around me. But during the span of working here， I have come to realize that the job probably is not suitable for me because I want a more pesceful life ，such as a teacher. And you know that I am not an outgoing girl. I find that I am not able to devote all my efforts to a job which I do not reslly like.
So I am awfully sorry to tell you my decision to quit.please accept my apology.
Yours sincerely，
Li ming
2009年考研英語大綱樣題應用文部分（詢問信）
Directions：
You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books.Write a letter to
the sales department of bookstore to ask for：
detailed information about the books you want，
methods of payment，
time and way of delivery.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end
Of the letter.Use“Li Ming”instead.You do not need to write the address.
解析：
Dear Sir/Madam，
As a student preparing for TOEFL in the coming May，I am writing to ask if you have
Appoches to TOEFL complied by professor Wamg Sming and published by University College
Press in 2006（注意次序）
If you have the book for sale，I‘d like to mail order it.Pleasel let me know if I can pay for it.by money order or do you accept the credit card？
I‘d appreciate it if you could send me the book at your earliest convenience by EMS to the following address：
Li Ming
Room 158， student dormitory no.8
West campus， Beijing university
Beijing ，100081
Sincerely yours
Li Ming