2011成人英語三級考試語法輔導(dǎo):非謂語動詞

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2011成人英語三級考試語法輔導(dǎo):非謂語動詞
    動詞非謂語形式包括不定式,動名詞和分詞,它們在句子中不能充當(dāng)謂語,可以分別充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語、定語和狀語。雖然非謂語形式不能充當(dāng)謂語,但它們?nèi)匀槐A袅藙釉~的某些特征,比如說它們可以有自己的賓語,補(bǔ)足語或狀語以及自己的邏輯主語,能成為句子的獨(dú)立成分。
    動詞非謂語形式有一般時(shí)、進(jìn)行時(shí)和完成時(shí)三種形式以及相應(yīng)的主動與被動形式。在解答有關(guān)動詞非謂語形式的試題時(shí),應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點(diǎn):
    1.英語中有些動詞后跟不定式作賓語,有些動詞后面則接動名詞作賓語,還有一些動詞的后邊既可以接不定式,也可以接動名詞,有時(shí)意義不變,但有時(shí)卻在意義上大不相同,所以必須牢記有關(guān)非謂語形式的基本知識。
    1)We shall appreciate _____ from you soon.exam8.com
    A. being heard
    B. hearing
    C. to hear
    D. having been heard
    答案是B。appreciate 這個(gè)詞后面只能接動名詞,且應(yīng)該是其一般式。
    2)The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager of the company.
    A. have told
    B. be told
    C. being told
    D. having told
    短語動詞confess to中的to是介詞,不是動詞不定式符號,因此選項(xiàng)A和B可以排除。選項(xiàng)C是動名詞的被動式,而動名詞后邊已經(jīng)有了賓語a lie ,因此動名詞不能是被動式,因此正確答案是D。用完成形式的動名詞表示這個(gè)動作在主要動詞之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生。
    3)We all feel sorry for _____ for so long after your arrival.
    A. keep you waiting
    B. having kept you waiting
    C. waiting for you
    D. keep you wait
    答案為B。
    2.非謂語動詞作賓語補(bǔ)充語時(shí),要弄清哪些動詞后面可以跟不定式作賓補(bǔ),哪些動詞后面可以跟分詞作賓補(bǔ)。
    1)Mr. and Mrs. Smith didn’t expect the house _____ so well.exam8.com
    A. to be decorated
    B. to decorate
    C. be decorated
    D. decorating
    decorate是及物動詞,因此可以排除B和D,C項(xiàng)缺了不定式的符號to,因此正確答案為A。
    2)There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself _____.
    A. hearing
    B. being heard
    C. to hear
    D. heard
    hear 在本句中是及物動詞,據(jù)此可以排除A和C,B項(xiàng)選擇形式不對,因此D是正確答案。
    3)The manager has his employees _____ a business report every week.
    A. to write
    B. written
    C. writing
    D. write
    答案為D。have和get后面接賓補(bǔ)時(shí),要用過去分詞或無to不定式。
    4)we are going to have our office _____ to make room for a new engineer.
    A. to rearrange
    B. rearrange
    C. rearranged
    D. rearranging
    答案為C。
    3.非謂語動詞作狀語時(shí),尤其是分詞作狀語時(shí),要注意分詞的邏輯主語必須和句子的主語一致。
    例:Arriving at the bus stop, _____ waiting there.
    A. he found a lot of people
    B. a lot of people were
    C. he found a lot of people’s
    D. people were found
    根據(jù)上面所述,可以首先排除B和D,C項(xiàng)中的people’s結(jié)構(gòu)不對,正確答案只能是A。
    4.掌握好非謂語動詞形式時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的正確使用。如果非謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在主要謂語動詞所表示的動作之后或同時(shí),用一般式,如果非謂語動詞表示的動作在主要謂語動詞所表示的動作之前,則用完成式。非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是動作的發(fā)出者還是接受者決定了應(yīng)當(dāng)用主動式還是被動式。
    例:The famous novel is said _____ into Chinese.
    A. to have translated
    B. to be translate
    C. to have been translated
    D. to translate
    答案為C。