2、四種類型海洋運(yùn)輸服務(wù)的具體介紹
1) Conference Lines 班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸 (考試重點(diǎn))
英文原文：A shipping conference is a group of shipping lines operating in any particular route under agreement to provide a scheduled service with a common tariff and a fixed itinerary of ports of call.(班輪公會(huì)的定義，了解一下)
注釋：shipping conference:班輪公會(huì) group: 團(tuán)體，集團(tuán) shipping lines: 班輪運(yùn)輸 operating: 運(yùn)行的，操作的 particular: 特殊的，特定的 under agreement: 按照協(xié)議的，在這里引申為“預(yù)定的” scheduled: 按船期表的 tariff:費(fèi)率表 fixed:固定的 itinerary:路線，旅行計(jì)劃 ports of call: 港，停靠港
中文意思：班輪公會(huì)是按預(yù)定的船期表在特定的航線上從事營(yíng)運(yùn)的班輪公司的組織，具有共同的費(fèi)率表、固定的港。
英文原文: The purpose of a shipping conference is to eliminate price competition among member lines and reduce outside competition by trying to capture most of the traffic for member lines through loyalty arrangements with shippers.
注釋：purpose:目的 eliminate：消除，除去 price competition: 運(yùn)價(jià)競(jìng)爭(zhēng) member lines: 會(huì)員公司 reduce:減少 outside competition: 外部競(jìng)爭(zhēng) capture:獲得，爭(zhēng)取 traffic: 在這里是“買賣，交易”的意思 loyalty: 忠誠(chéng)，忠實(shí)(loyalty arrangements: 忠誠(chéng)協(xié)議) shipper:托運(yùn)人
中文意思：班輪運(yùn)輸?shù)哪康氖窍龝?huì)員公司之間在運(yùn)價(jià)上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，通過(guò)與托運(yùn)人之間達(dá)成的忠誠(chéng)協(xié)議為會(huì)員爭(zhēng)取大量貨源，以減少外部競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
對(duì)于托運(yùn)人來(lái)說(shuō)班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸?shù)膬?yōu)勢(shì)(兩點(diǎn))：
a) Stability of freight rates. 穩(wěn)定的運(yùn)費(fèi)率 (注釋：stability: 穩(wěn)定，穩(wěn)定性)
b) Regularity of services. 定期的運(yùn)輸服務(wù) (注釋：regularity:定期，規(guī)則，規(guī)則性)
班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸?shù)娜秉c(diǎn)(三點(diǎn))：
a) Rates are usually high. 費(fèi)率一般很高
b) Rates do not fluctuate according to supply and demand as in a tramp service.費(fèi)率不會(huì)像不定期船那樣隨供求關(guān)系的變化而變動(dòng)。(注釋：fluctuate:變化，變動(dòng);supply and demand:供求)
c) Rules and procedures are inflexible.規(guī)則和程序不靈活(rules:規(guī)則;procedure:程序，手續(xù);inflexible:不靈活的)
1) Conference Lines 班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸 (考試重點(diǎn))
英文原文：A shipping conference is a group of shipping lines operating in any particular route under agreement to provide a scheduled service with a common tariff and a fixed itinerary of ports of call.(班輪公會(huì)的定義，了解一下)
注釋：shipping conference:班輪公會(huì) group: 團(tuán)體，集團(tuán) shipping lines: 班輪運(yùn)輸 operating: 運(yùn)行的，操作的 particular: 特殊的，特定的 under agreement: 按照協(xié)議的，在這里引申為“預(yù)定的” scheduled: 按船期表的 tariff:費(fèi)率表 fixed:固定的 itinerary:路線，旅行計(jì)劃 ports of call: 港，停靠港
中文意思：班輪公會(huì)是按預(yù)定的船期表在特定的航線上從事營(yíng)運(yùn)的班輪公司的組織，具有共同的費(fèi)率表、固定的港。
英文原文: The purpose of a shipping conference is to eliminate price competition among member lines and reduce outside competition by trying to capture most of the traffic for member lines through loyalty arrangements with shippers.
注釋：purpose:目的 eliminate：消除，除去 price competition: 運(yùn)價(jià)競(jìng)爭(zhēng) member lines: 會(huì)員公司 reduce:減少 outside competition: 外部競(jìng)爭(zhēng) capture:獲得，爭(zhēng)取 traffic: 在這里是“買賣，交易”的意思 loyalty: 忠誠(chéng)，忠實(shí)(loyalty arrangements: 忠誠(chéng)協(xié)議) shipper:托運(yùn)人
中文意思：班輪運(yùn)輸?shù)哪康氖窍龝?huì)員公司之間在運(yùn)價(jià)上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，通過(guò)與托運(yùn)人之間達(dá)成的忠誠(chéng)協(xié)議為會(huì)員爭(zhēng)取大量貨源，以減少外部競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
對(duì)于托運(yùn)人來(lái)說(shuō)班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸?shù)膬?yōu)勢(shì)(兩點(diǎn))：
a) Stability of freight rates. 穩(wěn)定的運(yùn)費(fèi)率 (注釋：stability: 穩(wěn)定，穩(wěn)定性)
b) Regularity of services. 定期的運(yùn)輸服務(wù) (注釋：regularity:定期，規(guī)則，規(guī)則性)
班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸?shù)娜秉c(diǎn)(三點(diǎn))：
a) Rates are usually high. 費(fèi)率一般很高
b) Rates do not fluctuate according to supply and demand as in a tramp service.費(fèi)率不會(huì)像不定期船那樣隨供求關(guān)系的變化而變動(dòng)。(注釋：fluctuate:變化，變動(dòng);supply and demand:供求)
c) Rules and procedures are inflexible.規(guī)則和程序不靈活(rules:規(guī)則;procedure:程序，手續(xù);inflexible:不靈活的)