Section I Use of English
Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark [A]， [B]， [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）
In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting __1__ workers' productivity. Instead， the studies ended __2__ giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect"， the extremely influential idea that the very __3__ to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior. 1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored
「參考答案」A「答案解析」[A]項 affect 意思是"影響，感動"； [B] achieve意思是"達成，完成"； [C]extract意思是"提取，榨出"；[D]restore是"恢復，重建".該句的意思是：他們想通過實驗探究車間照明是如何影響工人的生產(chǎn)率的，所以答案是[A].從后面關于工廠女工的描述來看也應該選affect.
2. [A] at [B] up [C] with [D] off
「參考答案」B「答案解析」本題考查了固定短語end up 的用法，end up 意思是"最終成為……"，end 和其它三個介詞的搭配都無此意，故選[B].
3. [A] truth [B] sight [C] act [D] proof
「參考答案」C「答案解析」本句的大意為：研究最終總結為一個極具影響力的概念-"霍桑效應"，也正是這一實驗研究的行為改變了工人們的行為表現(xiàn)。所以這里應選擇[C].
The idea arose because of the __4__ behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to __5__ of the experiments， their hourly output rose when lighting was increased， but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6__ what was done in the experiment； __7__ something was changed， productivity rose. A（n） __8__ that they were being experimented upon seemed to be __9__ to alter workers' behavior __10__ itself. 4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C] mischievous [D] ambiguous
「參考答案」B「答案解析」本句后面的一句：當照明燈變亮或變暗時，工人的時產(chǎn)量就會提高。作者這里表達的意思是這個問題之所以引起大家的注意是因為工廠女工的行為令人費解。四個選項中perplexing意為"令人費解的、迷惑的"，所以正確答案為[B].
5. [A] requirements [B] explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments
「參考答案」C「答案解析」本句的含義是：根據(jù)研究描述，當照明燈變亮或變暗時，工人的時產(chǎn)量就會提高。四個選項中有描述含義的是[C] accounts.B項的意思是：解釋、說明，在這里是要反映實驗的狀況，而不是解釋實驗，所以排除。[A]和[D] 項可以直接排除。
6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work
「參考答案」B「答案解析」這句話的意思是：實驗中做什么并不重要。 Do not matter 固定表達，故選B.本句中有個分號，表示前后兩部分是解釋說明的關系。
7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as
「參考答案」D「答案解析」考查so long as 短語，意思是"只有"，句子意思是：只要有改變，生產(chǎn)率就會上升，而不管你做了什么。本句中有個分號，表示前后兩部分是解釋說明的關系，和上一句一起理解。
8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion
「參考答案」A「答案解析」A項awareness 意思是"意識"，[B]項expectation意為"期望"，[C]項sentiment 意為"觀點，意見"，[D]項illusion 為"幻覺"，本句的大意是說：工人知道自己本身是被研究對象，這一意識就足以改變他們自己的行為。所以選[A].
9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant
「參考答案」C「答案解析」本句的大意是說：工人知道自己本身是被研究對象，這一意識就足以改變他們自己的行為。所以選[C].
10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by
「參考答案」D「答案解析」本句的大意是說：工人知道自己本身是被研究對象，這一意識就足以改變他們自己的行為。by itself：自動地，單獨地。
After several decades， the same data were __11__ to econometric analysis. The Hawthorne experiment has another surprise in store for them. __12__ the descriptions on record， no systematic __13__ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. 11. [A] compared [B] shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed
「參考答案」C「答案解析」be subjected to表示"服從于，與……一致"，為固定短語。
12. [A] Contrary to [B] Consistent with [C] Parallel with [D] Peculiar to
「參考答案」A「答案解析」contrary to表示"與…相反".上一段說了使人迷惑的事情，而本句所說的使人驚奇的，根據(jù)語境提示，空白處應該填入"與……相反".
13. [A] evidence [B] guidance [C] implication [D] source
「參考答案」A「答案解析」只有evidence一詞可與found呼應，表示"發(fā)現(xiàn)或找到系統(tǒng)的證據(jù)".
It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to ___14____ interpretation of what happed. ___15___， lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday， output ___16___ rose compared with the previous Saturday and ___17___ to rise for the next couple of days. ___18___， a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday， workers ___19___ to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case， before ___20___ a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down. 14. [A] disputable [B] enlightening [C] reliable [D] misleading
「參考答案」D「答案解析」根據(jù)題意首先排除[B]項enlightening和[C]項reliable.如果選擇A項，則后面應該表達所要爭論的觀點，把A項排除。[D]項 misleading"欺騙性，誤導性的"，意思上來看，符合語境所表達的意思，從后面的舉例當中可以看出。
15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual
「參考答案」B「答案解析」for example，舉例說明上句的問題。
16. [A] duly [B] accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly
「參考答案」A「答案解析」duly表示"準時地，在同一個時間地"，填入句中后意思表達更精確。
17. [A] failed [B] ceased [C] started [D] continued
「參考答案」D「答案解析」根據(jù)題意是：每周的第一個工作日和最后一個工作日產(chǎn)量都上升，與前句duly rose呼應，遞進說明問題，故應選continue.
18. [A] Therefore [B] Furthermore [C] However [D] Meanwhile
「參考答案」C「答案解析」該句與前句意思相反，使用轉折詞however.
19. [A] attempted [B] tended [C] chose [D] intended
「參考答案」B「答案解析」tend to do sth. 表示"傾向于做某事"，符合文意。
20. [A] breaking [B] climbing [C] surpassing [D] hitting
「參考答案」D「答案解析」該句表達的意思是"在任何情況下，工人們都傾向于在一周的前幾天比較勤奮，但到達了一個頂峰的時候就會松弛下來"，因此hit 與a plateau搭配，符合文意"到達頂點，頂峰"的意思。
本文系考研教育網(wǎng)原創(chuàng)，轉載請注明來源！
Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark [A]， [B]， [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）
In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting __1__ workers' productivity. Instead， the studies ended __2__ giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect"， the extremely influential idea that the very __3__ to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior. 1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored
「參考答案」A「答案解析」[A]項 affect 意思是"影響，感動"； [B] achieve意思是"達成，完成"； [C]extract意思是"提取，榨出"；[D]restore是"恢復，重建".該句的意思是：他們想通過實驗探究車間照明是如何影響工人的生產(chǎn)率的，所以答案是[A].從后面關于工廠女工的描述來看也應該選affect.
2. [A] at [B] up [C] with [D] off
「參考答案」B「答案解析」本題考查了固定短語end up 的用法，end up 意思是"最終成為……"，end 和其它三個介詞的搭配都無此意，故選[B].
3. [A] truth [B] sight [C] act [D] proof
「參考答案」C「答案解析」本句的大意為：研究最終總結為一個極具影響力的概念-"霍桑效應"，也正是這一實驗研究的行為改變了工人們的行為表現(xiàn)。所以這里應選擇[C].
The idea arose because of the __4__ behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to __5__ of the experiments， their hourly output rose when lighting was increased， but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6__ what was done in the experiment； __7__ something was changed， productivity rose. A（n） __8__ that they were being experimented upon seemed to be __9__ to alter workers' behavior __10__ itself. 4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C] mischievous [D] ambiguous
「參考答案」B「答案解析」本句后面的一句：當照明燈變亮或變暗時，工人的時產(chǎn)量就會提高。作者這里表達的意思是這個問題之所以引起大家的注意是因為工廠女工的行為令人費解。四個選項中perplexing意為"令人費解的、迷惑的"，所以正確答案為[B].
5. [A] requirements [B] explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments
「參考答案」C「答案解析」本句的含義是：根據(jù)研究描述，當照明燈變亮或變暗時，工人的時產(chǎn)量就會提高。四個選項中有描述含義的是[C] accounts.B項的意思是：解釋、說明，在這里是要反映實驗的狀況，而不是解釋實驗，所以排除。[A]和[D] 項可以直接排除。
6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work
「參考答案」B「答案解析」這句話的意思是：實驗中做什么并不重要。 Do not matter 固定表達，故選B.本句中有個分號，表示前后兩部分是解釋說明的關系。
7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as
「參考答案」D「答案解析」考查so long as 短語，意思是"只有"，句子意思是：只要有改變，生產(chǎn)率就會上升，而不管你做了什么。本句中有個分號，表示前后兩部分是解釋說明的關系，和上一句一起理解。
8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion
「參考答案」A「答案解析」A項awareness 意思是"意識"，[B]項expectation意為"期望"，[C]項sentiment 意為"觀點，意見"，[D]項illusion 為"幻覺"，本句的大意是說：工人知道自己本身是被研究對象，這一意識就足以改變他們自己的行為。所以選[A].
9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant
「參考答案」C「答案解析」本句的大意是說：工人知道自己本身是被研究對象，這一意識就足以改變他們自己的行為。所以選[C].
10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by
「參考答案」D「答案解析」本句的大意是說：工人知道自己本身是被研究對象，這一意識就足以改變他們自己的行為。by itself：自動地，單獨地。
After several decades， the same data were __11__ to econometric analysis. The Hawthorne experiment has another surprise in store for them. __12__ the descriptions on record， no systematic __13__ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. 11. [A] compared [B] shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed
「參考答案」C「答案解析」be subjected to表示"服從于，與……一致"，為固定短語。
12. [A] Contrary to [B] Consistent with [C] Parallel with [D] Peculiar to
「參考答案」A「答案解析」contrary to表示"與…相反".上一段說了使人迷惑的事情，而本句所說的使人驚奇的，根據(jù)語境提示，空白處應該填入"與……相反".
13. [A] evidence [B] guidance [C] implication [D] source
「參考答案」A「答案解析」只有evidence一詞可與found呼應，表示"發(fā)現(xiàn)或找到系統(tǒng)的證據(jù)".
It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to ___14____ interpretation of what happed. ___15___， lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday， output ___16___ rose compared with the previous Saturday and ___17___ to rise for the next couple of days. ___18___， a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday， workers ___19___ to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case， before ___20___ a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down. 14. [A] disputable [B] enlightening [C] reliable [D] misleading
「參考答案」D「答案解析」根據(jù)題意首先排除[B]項enlightening和[C]項reliable.如果選擇A項，則后面應該表達所要爭論的觀點，把A項排除。[D]項 misleading"欺騙性，誤導性的"，意思上來看，符合語境所表達的意思，從后面的舉例當中可以看出。
15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual
「參考答案」B「答案解析」for example，舉例說明上句的問題。
16. [A] duly [B] accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly
「參考答案」A「答案解析」duly表示"準時地，在同一個時間地"，填入句中后意思表達更精確。
17. [A] failed [B] ceased [C] started [D] continued
「參考答案」D「答案解析」根據(jù)題意是：每周的第一個工作日和最后一個工作日產(chǎn)量都上升，與前句duly rose呼應，遞進說明問題，故應選continue.
18. [A] Therefore [B] Furthermore [C] However [D] Meanwhile
「參考答案」C「答案解析」該句與前句意思相反，使用轉折詞however.
19. [A] attempted [B] tended [C] chose [D] intended
「參考答案」B「答案解析」tend to do sth. 表示"傾向于做某事"，符合文意。
20. [A] breaking [B] climbing [C] surpassing [D] hitting
「參考答案」D「答案解析」該句表達的意思是"在任何情況下，工人們都傾向于在一周的前幾天比較勤奮，但到達了一個頂峰的時候就會松弛下來"，因此hit 與a plateau搭配，符合文意"到達頂點，頂峰"的意思。
本文系考研教育網(wǎng)原創(chuàng)，轉載請注明來源！