阿拉伯埃及共和國(guó)，簡(jiǎn)稱埃及，來源于古希臘對(duì)埃及的稱呼Aigyptos，原型是古城孟菲斯的誤稱Hekaptah，意思為普塔神靈之家，意為“遼闊的國(guó)家”，來源于亞述的楔型文字，塞姆語的米斯里。《諸蕃志》譯作蜜徐籬，《瀛涯勝覽》譯作米息），是東北非洲人口最多的國(guó)家，面積為1,020,000平方公里，人口已超過8000萬。埃及是世界文明古國(guó)之一。地理上該國(guó)地跨二洲即亞洲和非洲，西奈半島位于西南亞（西亞），而該國(guó)大部分國(guó)土位于北非地區(qū)。伊斯蘭教為國(guó)教，信徒主要為遜尼派，另外還有基督教與其他宗教；官方語言為阿拉伯語，通用英語和法語。
埃及的歷史悠久，是世界四大文明古國(guó)之一。前3100年出現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一的奴隸制國(guó)家。公元前11世紀(jì)至前7世紀(jì)，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)被亞述、波斯、馬其頓和羅馬帝國(guó)征服。公元4—7世紀(jì)并入東羅馬帝國(guó)。公元7世紀(jì)中期，阿拉伯人入侵，建立阿拉伯帝國(guó)。1249年開始由馬木魯克軍團(tuán)指揮官統(tǒng)治。1517年被土耳其人征服。成為奧斯曼帝國(guó)的行省。1798年-1801年一度被拿破侖占領(lǐng)。1882年，被英國(guó)軍隊(duì)占領(lǐng)。1914年英國(guó)成為埃及的保護(hù)國(guó)。1922年2月28日，英國(guó)被逼承認(rèn)埃及獨(dú)立，但仍保留對(duì)埃國(guó)防、外交、少數(shù)民族等問題的處置權(quán)。1952年以納賽爾為首的“自由軍官組織”發(fā)動(dòng)政變，*法魯克王朝，成立“革命指導(dǎo)委員會(huì)”，掌握國(guó)家政權(quán)。1953年6月18日廢除帝制，成立“埃及共和國(guó)”。1956年將蘇伊士運(yùn)河收為國(guó)有。1958年2月，埃及與敘利亞合并，成立阿拉伯聯(lián)合共和國(guó)。1961年9月，敘利亞脫離阿拉伯聯(lián)合共和國(guó)。1971年9月改國(guó)名為“阿拉伯埃及共和國(guó)”。
Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean region, the Middle East and the Islamic world. Covering an area of about 1,010,000 square kilometers (390,000 sq mi), Egypt is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.
Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. The great majority of its estimated 79 million people live near the banks of the Nile River, in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large areas of the Sahara Desert are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.
Egypt is famous for its ancient civilization, with famous monuments such as the Giza pyramid complex and its Great Sphinx. Its ancient ruins, such as those of Memphis, Thebes, and Karnak and the Valley of the Kings outside Luxor, are a significant focus of archaeological study. The tourism and the Red Sea Riviera employ about 12% of Egypt's workforce.
The economy of Egypt is one of the most developed and diversified in the Middle East, with sectors such as tourism, agriculture, industry and service at almost equal production levels.
埃及的歷史悠久，是世界四大文明古國(guó)之一。前3100年出現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一的奴隸制國(guó)家。公元前11世紀(jì)至前7世紀(jì)，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)被亞述、波斯、馬其頓和羅馬帝國(guó)征服。公元4—7世紀(jì)并入東羅馬帝國(guó)。公元7世紀(jì)中期，阿拉伯人入侵，建立阿拉伯帝國(guó)。1249年開始由馬木魯克軍團(tuán)指揮官統(tǒng)治。1517年被土耳其人征服。成為奧斯曼帝國(guó)的行省。1798年-1801年一度被拿破侖占領(lǐng)。1882年，被英國(guó)軍隊(duì)占領(lǐng)。1914年英國(guó)成為埃及的保護(hù)國(guó)。1922年2月28日，英國(guó)被逼承認(rèn)埃及獨(dú)立，但仍保留對(duì)埃國(guó)防、外交、少數(shù)民族等問題的處置權(quán)。1952年以納賽爾為首的“自由軍官組織”發(fā)動(dòng)政變，*法魯克王朝，成立“革命指導(dǎo)委員會(huì)”，掌握國(guó)家政權(quán)。1953年6月18日廢除帝制，成立“埃及共和國(guó)”。1956年將蘇伊士運(yùn)河收為國(guó)有。1958年2月，埃及與敘利亞合并，成立阿拉伯聯(lián)合共和國(guó)。1961年9月，敘利亞脫離阿拉伯聯(lián)合共和國(guó)。1971年9月改國(guó)名為“阿拉伯埃及共和國(guó)”。
Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean region, the Middle East and the Islamic world. Covering an area of about 1,010,000 square kilometers (390,000 sq mi), Egypt is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.
Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. The great majority of its estimated 79 million people live near the banks of the Nile River, in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large areas of the Sahara Desert are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.
Egypt is famous for its ancient civilization, with famous monuments such as the Giza pyramid complex and its Great Sphinx. Its ancient ruins, such as those of Memphis, Thebes, and Karnak and the Valley of the Kings outside Luxor, are a significant focus of archaeological study. The tourism and the Red Sea Riviera employ about 12% of Egypt's workforce.
The economy of Egypt is one of the most developed and diversified in the Middle East, with sectors such as tourism, agriculture, industry and service at almost equal production levels.