考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)特征(1)

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又到了一年考研復(fù)習(xí)繁忙的時(shí)候了,無(wú)數(shù)學(xué)員咨詢我究竟該用什么輔導(dǎo)教材比較合適,這個(gè)問(wèn)題既好回答,又難回答,都是因?yàn)榭佳杏⒄Z(yǔ)的輔導(dǎo)材料在市面上五花八門,種類繁多。但以筆者教授多年考研英語(yǔ)的經(jīng)驗(yàn),以及無(wú)數(shù)學(xué)員高分和過(guò)線的事實(shí)積累來(lái)看,真題無(wú)疑是權(quán)威,甚至從某個(gè)角度來(lái)說(shuō),是的參考材料。在沒(méi)有將真題研究透徹的情況下,去做所謂的模擬題,是沒(méi)有任何效果,甚至南轅北轍的。所以,將考研英語(yǔ)的真題仔細(xì)的研究,就變成了復(fù)習(xí)考研英語(yǔ)的至關(guān)重要的環(huán)節(jié)。
    由于廣大學(xué)員在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí),自身經(jīng)驗(yàn)和能力存在相應(yīng)差距,不能“完美”的破譯真題,筆者現(xiàn)將多年授課中核心精華知識(shí)點(diǎn)、考點(diǎn)加以整理,形成文字,以期能助廣大學(xué)員在考研復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)如虎添翼!
    系列(一)
    閱讀理解常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)特征
    “錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)”一定是大家為痛恨的四個(gè)字。讓無(wú)數(shù)的學(xué)員又為之拜倒。但是在大家狂罵錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)無(wú)恥和出題人刁鉆的時(shí)候,是不是忽視了一個(gè)很重要的問(wèn)題就是:錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)其實(shí)也是有必然的錯(cuò)的規(guī)律的,考研英語(yǔ)考了幾十年,每年十五個(gè)錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng),其實(shí),出題人不論換過(guò)多少人,從測(cè)試學(xué)的角度來(lái)看,能夠用來(lái)出錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的“花招”早就“黔驢技窮”了,因此如果我們把錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的命制規(guī)律深刻的研究了,就不會(huì)再怨天尤人了。
    (一)與原文沖突
    選項(xiàng)與原文表述內(nèi)容不一致,是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤方式,但是若是把原文做細(xì)微的改動(dòng),許多同學(xué)就很難發(fā)現(xiàn),而這些細(xì)微的改動(dòng)主要就是一些核心動(dòng)詞和形容詞,希望大家引起重視。
    00年#1(A)
    (A)it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal.
    與文章首句A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap ,but , if properly handled, it may become a driving force.相反。
    06年#39(C)
    (C)misery should be enjoyed rather than denied.
    原文后一段提到:Today , surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us , as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it.
    顯然兩處陰影處是沖突的。
    07年#24(C)
    (C)the role of talent tends to be overlooked.
    與原文后一段:Their work makes a rather startling assertion : the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated.沖突。
    (二)包含無(wú)關(guān)內(nèi)容
    原文是我們做出正確答案的依據(jù),正確選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置方式也常表現(xiàn)為將原文同義改寫(xiě)。錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)也正是利用了這個(gè)特征,在改寫(xiě)的同時(shí),添加了一些原文并未出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容,使得選項(xiàng)具備強(qiáng)干擾性。
    00年#1(D)
    (D)the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy
    00年#2(C)
    (C)machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions.
    00年#3(C)
    (C)The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.
    02年#48(B)
    (B)interact with human beings verbally.
    上述選項(xiàng)標(biāo)注部分都是添加了原文當(dāng)中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)過(guò)的內(nèi)容,而且也不是原文相應(yīng)內(nèi)容的統(tǒng)一改寫(xiě)。
    (三)答非所問(wèn)+照抄原文
    這類錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)是考生常見(jiàn),也是常犯錯(cuò)誤的設(shè)置方式。具體表現(xiàn)為將原文當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)的原話,但是不能回答題干的內(nèi)容設(shè)置出來(lái)以迷惑考生。對(duì)于那些僵化的理解“正確選項(xiàng)為原文的同意改寫(xiě)”的同學(xué),極具殺傷力!
    02年#48(A)
    (A)fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.
    原文第二段后一句話為:…。there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy…。盡管此選項(xiàng)與原文內(nèi)容一致,但并不能回答題目所提出的問(wèn)題(According to the text ,what is beyond man‘s ability now is to design a robot that can__問(wèn)題是想問(wèn)一個(gè)超出機(jī)器人能力范圍的內(nèi)容。),所以仍舊為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。
    03年#41(A)(C)
    (A) receive support from fans like Donovan
    (C) restored many common pastimes
    這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)雖然也是原文第一段提到過(guò)的原話,但是并不是題目所提問(wèn)的目的,在之前的篇章講過(guò),所有的題目,話題都要和主題相關(guān)都是為主題服務(wù)的。這篇文章的主題為“網(wǎng)路間諜”。因此,正確選項(xiàng)一定要選和主題相關(guān)的“(B)remolded the intelligence services”
    03年#56(B)
    (B)Americas enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.
    此選項(xiàng)也是文章第一段原話“Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago.”的改寫(xiě)。但是還是之前講過(guò)的邏輯思路,所有的題目都要為主題服務(wù),不能就著原話本身的含義來(lái)選。本文主題是對(duì)美國(guó)的醫(yī)療過(guò)度投資的負(fù)評(píng)價(jià),因此全文第一句話的目的一定是為此主題服務(wù)的,因此(C)Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.是必然正確的,因?yàn)閛ver-confident是明顯的負(fù)評(píng)價(jià)詞。
    06年#24 (A)(C)
    (A)To prove their popularity around the world.
    (C) To give examples of successful immigrants.
    這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)盡管都屬于文章所傳遞的信息,但是并不能回答提名的問(wèn)題,題目是典型的舉例證明題(why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph2?),題目就是要我們選一個(gè)能夠說(shuō)明主題的選項(xiàng),即,同化文化的成功影響力!因此選擇(B)
    (四)錯(cuò)誤比較
    經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)于真題的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),比較級(jí)的內(nèi)容在文章當(dāng)中出現(xiàn),經(jīng)常作為考點(diǎn),而到了選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中出現(xiàn),卻常作為強(qiáng)干擾選項(xiàng),主要表現(xiàn)為:添加了原文沒(méi)有的比較內(nèi)容;與原文比較的內(nèi)容或方向不一致。因此在選擇當(dāng)中的比較級(jí),大家要特別關(guān)注。
    00年#1(B)
    (B) its domestic market was eight times lager than before.
    原文:When United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.
    兩處比較級(jí)顯然不一致。
    01年#55(A)
    (A)getting worse because of the Internet.文章當(dāng)中無(wú)此比較內(nèi)容。
    05年#30(D)
    (D) both of them have turned form bad to worse.文章當(dāng)中沒(méi)有此比較級(jí)。
    06年#32(D)
    (D)the number of large predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old.
    原文:第二段后兩句:According to their latest paper published in Nature , the biomass of large predators. In a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas , it has halved again since then.
    這兩句話只是比較了下降數(shù)量多少,而不是如(D)中所表述的“快慢”
    06年#36(A)
    (A)poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music.原文當(dāng)中無(wú)此比較。