2010年12月大學英語四級考試全真預(yù)測試卷三
Part I Writing （30 minutes）
Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic： To Be a Small Fish in a Big Pond or a Big Fish in a Small Pond？ You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese：
1. 在大企業(yè)工作的特點
2. 在小企業(yè)工作的特點
3. 我的選擇
To Be a Small Fish in a Big Pond or a Big Fish in a Small Pond？
Part II Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning） （15minutes）
Directions： In this part， you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7， mark
Y （for YES） if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N （for NO） if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG （for NOT GIVEN） if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8-10， complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
To Save Trees， Fighting One Alien Insect with Others
Rusty rhea sighs wistfully as he talks about the beauty and peace of standing amid a grove （小樹林） of deep green hemlocks in Appalachia， some of them up to 160 feet （50 meters） tall and more than 500 years old.
“This is a very special tree，” said Rhea， an entomologist for the U.S. Forest Service‘s Forest Health Protection program in Asheville， North Carolina， “I was brought up here， and I don’t want to see another species go by the wayside.”
The evergreen trees， a hallmark of southern Appalachia‘s national parks， are under attack by an invasive inse4ct barely visible to the eye but potent enough to fell the giants of the eastern United States’ old-growth forests.
Already the tiny bug from Japan， known as the hemlock woolly adelgid （HWA）， has killed upward of 95 percent of the hemlocks in Virginia‘s Shenandoah National Park. Now they are making their way through the half-million-plus-acre （200，000-plus-hectare） Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina and Tennessee.
The hemlocks shade streams， keeping water temperatures just right for brook trout （鮭魚） and other fish. They also house birds such as the black-throated green warbler， solitary vireo， and northern goshawk， all three of which mainly shelter in stands of hemlock trees.
Because of the insect’s broad impact on the entire ecosystem of southern Appalachia， HWA stands to cause wider damage than the American chestnut blight （枯萎?。﹐f the early 1900s. That fungus from Europe killed off the once dominant chestnut trees from the northeast United States to the southern Appalachian Mountains.
In addition， a species related to HWA， the balsam woolly adelgid， has already killed about 90 percent of the mature Fraser fir trees in the Smokies.
Acting Quickly
HWA arrived in the U.S. Pacific Northwest via nursery plants from Japan in 1924. By 1951 the tiny invader had been found in Virginia. Since then the insect has spread to more than 15 U.S. states.
The key to killing the HWA is to catch it early and act quickly. It‘s already well established in the Great Smoky Mountains， where Rhea and others are trying to stem the spread of the bugs.
HWA multiply quickly： All of the insects are females that reproduce asexually （無性地）， laying several hundred eggs a year. When they get to the nymph， or crawler， stage， they are dormant from about June until October， after which they emerge and establish themselves on trees.
Winds and birds and other animals spread the crawlers through the forest.
HWA crawlers feed on the new growth of hemlocks by piercing the twigs that hold the branches， sucking the sap， and injecting toxic saliva. The needles turn from a deep green to a grayish green and eventually die， depriving the tree of nutrition from photosynthesis.
An infected tree usually dies within five years of initial attack. Infection is signaled by either a white， cottonlike material that appears along a tree’s twigs or by the “baldness” of a tree‘s upper branches.
Plans of Attack
In the Pacific Northwest the hemlocks seem to be tolerant of the creatures’ feeding， and in the cold northeast， winters seem to keep them at bay. But in the warm southeast， with weather approximating that of the insects‘ native Asian homes， they thrive.
Chemical sprays-such as insecticidal soaps and horticultural oils as well as trunk or soil injections-have helped to kill some of the HWA infestations.
But spraying must be repeated every six months， and injections are expensive and last only two years at most. These methods can’t be used conveniently or safely in remote areas or near the streams where hemlocks grow thickly.
Long term， the best way to control the pests appears to be releasing other insects that feed exclusively on HWA. Scientists have studied HWA in Japan and China and identified three such species. One of them， the Sasajiscymnus tsugae （St） beetle， was released in areas of Great Smoky Mountains National Park in 2002.
Studying what controls a species in its native habitat-including climate， predators， and host resistance-provided clues about which insects to use against HWA， said Kristine Johnson. Based in Gatlinburg， Tennessee， Johnson is a supervisory forester for Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
“Biological control is the only long-term hope to save the trees in the backcountry （窮鄉(xiāng)僻壤），” she said. “We have 800 square miles （2，100 square kilometers） of contiguous wilderness. We value the native forest， and it‘s entirely worth defending.”
Risky Business
Releasing one species of non-native bug to kill another could be risky business， potentially creating another type of infestation. But scientists first quarantined and studied the HWA-killer insects.
They believe the St beetles are the best answer to the HWA problem and that they won’t cause side damage. This tiny black female beetle， the size of a poppy seed， is already spreading in the Great Smoky Mountains.
But the beetle and other HWA-killer insects are seasonal， so it will take several different ones operating year-round to keep HWA in check， Rhea said. He doesn‘t believe HWA will be completely eradicated （根除） but will instead be kept in balance by the predator insects. “We’re trying to insert a balance in a system that‘s out of balance，” he said.
Each St beetle can lay 200 to 300 eggs， said Ernest Bernard， professor of entomology at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville.
Bernard’s laboratory is one of several that are breeding the beetles.
“Each beetle eats hundreds of baby adelgids a year，” he said. And about 120，000 of the beetles have been released in the past couple years in the Smokies， but it is still too early to measure their impact.
One good sign， Bernard said， is that some beetle larvae （幼蟲） have been found in areas where they were not released， indicating that the HWA killers may be reproducing and spreading.
1. The passage gives a general description of an invasive insect， HWA.
2. Hemlock is a hallmark of southern Appalachia‘s national parks.
3. The invasive insect， known as the hemlock woolly adelgid （HWA）， is from Japan.
4. The key to killing the HWA is to catch it early and act quickly.
5. An infected tree usually dies immediately.
6. The Hemlock in the U.S. will be saved from HWA soon.
7. The long term， best way to control the pests HWA is spraying.
8. Since 1951 the HWA has spread to more than________.
9. Releasing one species of non-native bug to kill another could create________.
10. It will take several different insects operating year-round to________.
Part III Listening Comprehension （35 minutes）
Section A
Directions： In this section， you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation， one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause， you must read the four choices marked ［A］， ［B］， ［C］ and ［D］， and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
11. ［A］ 1016.
［B］ 1060.
［C］ 508.
［D］ 580.
12. ［A］ Father and daughter.
［B］ Uncle and niece.
［C］ Aunt and nephew.
［D］ Cousins.
13. ［A］ She wasn’t invited.
［B］ She wasn‘t ready to come.
［C］ She altered her decision.
［D］ She forgot the invitation.
14. ［A］ The door needs repairing.
［B］ He had lost all his keys.
［C］ He couldn’t open the door.
［D］ He wanted the woman to help him.
15. ［A］ She‘s rather happy to hear so.
［B］ She’s disappointed to hear so.
［C］ She‘s unhappy to hear so.
［D］ She’s surprised to hear so.
16. ［A］ He thought it was a good car.
［B］ He thought it was too noisy.
［C］ He thought there was something wrong with the car.
［D］ H didn‘t like it.
17. ［A］ In a car.
［B］ In a train.
［C］ In a ship.
［D］ In a plane.
18. ［A］ She’ll go to the concert.
［B］ She‘ll have a meeting.
［C］ She’ll watch her neighbor‘s children.
［D］ She’ll visit her neighbor.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. ［A］ The early history of bookbinding.
［B］ How old books become valuable.
［C］ Economical ways to protect old books.
［D］ Why some books decay.
20. ［A］ They are often handled improperly by readers.
［B］ The paper is destroyed by chemicals.
［C］ The ink used in printing damages the paper.
［D］ The glue used in the binding loses its strength.
21. ［A］ They are difficult to read.
［B］ They are slowly falling apart.
［C］ They were not made from wood pulp.
［D］ They should be stored in a cold place.
22. ［A］ Get some books for the man to look at.
［B］ Ask the man to look over her notes.
［C］ Continue her research in the library.
［D］ Find more information on how books are preserved.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. ［A］ Which major the woman will be choosing.
［B］ An anthropology course the woman is taking.
［C］ How to find a job in publishing.
［D］ Which anthropology professors the man recommends.
24. ［A］ It is not as difficult as she had thought it would be.
［B］ She would like her professor to explain it more clearly.
［C］ She took a class on it last semester.
［D］ Her professor will write a book on it soon.
25. ［A］ Her professor.
［B］ A classmate.
［C］ Her former boss.
［D］ A foreign diplomat.
Section B
Directions： In this section， you will hear 3 short passages. At the and of each passage， you will hear some questions Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked ［A］， ［B］， ［C］ and ［D］。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. ［A］ Because nobody knew his address.
［B］ Because nobody knew his age.
［C］ Because Penury‘s private life was a secret.
［D］ Because Penury was still a bachelor at the age of forty-five.
27. ［A］ He did not spend money freely.
［B］ He was always well-dressed.
［C］ He had a luxurious car.
［D］ He worked hard for a living.
28. ［A］ A photographer.
［B］ A burglar.
［C］ A reporter.
［D］ A professor.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. ［A］ In 1809.
［B］ In 1863.
［C］ In 1865.
［D］ In 1860.
30. ［A］ Four years.
［B］ Five years.
［C］ Three years.
［D］ Six years.
31. ［A］ A soldier.
［B］ A thief.
［C］ A government officer.
［D］ An actor.
32. ［A］ Because they didn’t like Lincoln being their President.
［B］ Because they wanted to set up their own government.
［C］ Because they disagreed with Lincoln on the abolishment of slavery.
［D］ Because they wanted to stage a war against Lincoln‘s government.
Passage Three
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. ［A］ 10 points.
［B］ 2 points.
［C］ 15 points.
［D］ 5 points.
34. ［A］ They will take one of the six major tests.
［B］ They will have to write a composition.
［C］ They will be given a pop test.
［D］ They will be required to read a short story in class.
35. ［A］ An essay.
［B］ A magazine article.
［C］ A poem.
［D］ A short story.
Section C
Directions： In this section， you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time， you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time， you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blank， you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally， when the passage is read for the third time， you should check what you have written.
Scientists have developed a new cancer drug. So far， they have tested it only on （36） ________ animals. The drug is designed to （37） ________ and kill cancer cells but not healthy cells.
First， the drug enters the cancer and destroys the supply of blood. Then it releases （38） ________ to destroy the cancer cells.
Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge carried out the study. The （39） ________ appeared in Nature （40） ________. A school news release called the drug an “anti-cancer smart bomb.”
Ram Sasisekharan is a professor at M.I.T. He says his team had to （41） ________ three problems. They had to find a way to destroy the blood vessels， then to （42） ________ the growth of new ones. But they also needed the blood vessels to supply chemicals to destroy the cancer.
So， the researchers designed a two-part “nanocell”。 The cell is （43） ________ in nanometers， or one thousand millionth of a meter. （44） ________________________.
The scientists say it was small enough to pass through the blood vessels of the cancer， but it was too big to enter normal blood vessels. The surface of the nanocells also helped them to avoid natural defenses.
（45） ________________________. That cut off the blood supply and trapped the nanocell inside the cancer. Then， the nanocell slowly released chemotherapy drugs to kill the cancer cells.
（46） ________________________.
Part IV Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth） （25 minutes）
Section A
Directions： In this section， there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.
Many of the most damaging and life threatening types of weather-torrential rains， severe thunderstorms， and tornadoes-begin quickly， strike suddenly， and disappear rapidly， destroying small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. Such event as a tornado struck the northeastern section of Edmonton， Alberta， in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million， the highest ever for any Canadian storm.
Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado， because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to study carefully the subtly atmospheric changes that come before these storms. In most nations， for example， weather-balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data， conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.
Until recently， the observation intensive approach needed for accurate， very short-range forecasts， or “Nowcasts”， was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was extremely high， and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were hard to overcome. Fortunately， scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems， automated weather instruments， and satellites are all capable of making detailed， nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously， and modern computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists （氣象學者） and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words， symbols， and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices， Nowcasting is becoming a reality.
47. It can be inferred from the passage that the value of damages from torrential rains， severe thunderstorms and tornadoes is ________________________.
48. Why do conventional models of the atmosphere fail to predict such a short-lived tornado？
___________________________________________________________________________.
49. It can be inferred from the passage that conventional forecasting models are now mostly used for ________________________.
50. What does “Nowcasts” mean according to the passage？
___________________________________________________________________________.
51. According to the passage， what makes “Nowcasting” a reality？
___________________________________________________________________________.
Section B
Directions： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］ and ［D］。 You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
What makes Americans spend nearly half their food dollars on meals away from home？ The answers lie in the way Americans live today. During the first few decades of the twentieth century， canned and other convenience foods freed the family cook from full-time duty at the kitchen range.
Then， in the 1940s， work in the wartime defense plants took more women out of the home that ever before， setting the pattern of the working wife and mother. Unless family members pitch in with food preparation， women are not fully liberated from that chore.
It’s easier to pick up a bucket of fried chicken on the way home from work or take the family out for pizzas or burgers than to start opening cans or heating up frozen dinners after a long， hard day. Also nowadays， the rising divorce rate means that there are more single working parents with children to feed. And many young adults and elderly people， as well as unmarried and divorced mature people， live alone rather than as a part of a family unit and don‘t want to bother cooking for one. Fast food is appealing because it is fast， it doesn’t require any dressing up， it offers a “fun” break in the daily routine， and the outlay of money seems small. It can be eaten in the car-sometimes picked up at a drive-in window without even getting out-or on the run. Even if it is brought home to eat， there will never be any dirty dishes to wash because of the handy disposable wrappings. Children， especially， love fast food because it‘s finger food， no struggling with knives and forks， no annoying instructions from adults about table manners.
52. Americans enjoy fast food mainly because ________.
［A］ it can be eaten in the car
［B］ it is much more tasty than home-made food
［C］ one only uses his fingers while eating it
［D］ it is time-saving and convenient
53. It can be inferred that children ________.
［A］ want to have freedom at table
［B］ wash dishes after each meal
［C］ are not good at using forks and knives while eating
［D］ take eating time as a fun break
54. Many Americans are eating out and not cooking at home nowadays because ________.
［A］ they want to make a change after eating the same food for years at home
［B］ the food made outside home tastes better than food cooked at home
［C］ many of them live alone or don’t like taking trouble to cook
［D］ American women refuse to cook at home due to women‘s liberation movement
55. According to the text， a drive-in window is a ________.
［A］ car window from which you can see the driver
［B］ window in the restaurant from which you get your meal in the car
［C］ place where you check the mechanic condition of your car
［D］ entrance where you return the used plates after eating
56. The expression “pitch in with” （Line 2， Para. 2） probably means________.
［A］ complain
［B］ enjoy
［C］ help
［D］ deny
Passage Two
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
InfraGard is a grass-roots effort to respond to the need for cooperation and collaboration in countering the threat of cyber crime and terrorism to private businesses and the government. By the end of September， there will be InfraGard chapters in all 50 states， Calloway said. With advice from the FBI， each local chapter will be run by a board of directors that includes members of private industry， the academic community and public agencies. Bands， utilities， and other businesses and government agencies will use a secure Web site to share information about attempts to hack into their computer networks. Members can join the system free. A key feature of the system is a two-pronged method of reporting attacks.
A “sanitized” description of a hacking attempt or other incident-one that doesn’t reveal the name or information about the victim-can be shared with the other members to spot trends. Then a more detailed description also can be sent to the FBI‘s computer crimes unit to interfere if there are grounds for an investigation. Cyber crime has jumped in recent years across the nation， particularly in hotbeds of financial commerce and technology like Charlotte. “Ten years ago， all you needed to protect yourself was a safe， a fence and security officers，” said Chris Swecker， who is in charge of the FBI’s Charlotte office. “Now any business with a modem is subject to attack.” FBI agents investigate computer hacking that disrupted popular Web sites including Amazon. com， CNN and Yahoo！
several North Carolina victims have been identified this year. The investigation has also identified computer systems in North Carolina used by hackers to commit such attacks. Prosecutions of hackers have been hampered by the reluctance of companies to report security intrusions for fear of bad publicity and lost business. Meanwhile， too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility. Jack Wiles， who will lead the local InfraGard chapter‘s board， said a recent report estimated 97 percent of all cyber crime goes undetected. Wiles， a computer security expert， has a firewall on his personal computer to prevent hackers from getting into his files. “I get at least one report a day that somebody was trying to get into my computer，” he said， “the Net is a wonderful place， but it’s also a dangerous one.”
57. From the first paragraph， we know ________.
［A］ InfraGard is a protective measure against cyber crime
［B］ InfraGard is a measure of cooperation and collaboration
［C］ there will be 50 InfraGard chapters in all states
［D］ private business and the government are now committing cyber crime
58. Each local chapter of InfraGard will be run by the following EXCEPT ________.
［A］ academic communities
［B］ public agencies
［C］ FBI
［D］ private industry
59. By saying “too many corporations.。.speed and accessibility” （Lines 3～4， Para. 3）， the author means ________.
［A］ too many corporations take no notice of the security problem of computers
［B］ criminals are sacrificing security for speed and accessibility
［C］ it‘s very easy to sacrifice security for speed and accessibility
［D］ many companies suffer from computer hacking because they value speed and accessibility more than security
60. All the following are reasons for the rise in cyber crime EXCEPT ________.
［A］ victims won’t report intrusions by hackers
［B］ victims have no firewalls
［C］ the use of modem is increasing
［D］ companies don‘t pay enough attention to security
61. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.
［A］ not all hacking attempts are worthy of investigation
［B］ information of the victims is inaccessible
［C］ InfraGard chapters will be in effect by the end of September
［D］ Amazon.com was often disrupted by hacking
Part V Cloze （15 minutes）
Directions： There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］ and ［D］ on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Every year more than half a million American kids have drainage （排泄） tubes surgically implanted in their ears to combat persistent infections. The procedure， know as tympanostomy， may not be as 62 as the tonsillectomy was in the 1940s， but it now 63 as the nation’s leading childhood 64 and a new study suggests it‘s being vastly overused. In 65 more than 6，000 scheduled ear tube operations， a team of experts 66 by Harvard pediatrician Lawrence Kleinman found that fewer than half were clearly justified. “Each year”， the researchers write in the current Journal of the American Medical Association （JAMA）， “several hundred thousand children in the United States may be 67 tympanostomy tubes that offer them no demonstrated 68 。..and may place them at increased 69 ?！?BR> Tube placement isn’t a 70 risky procedure， but it costs $1，000 to $1，500 and sometimes scars the eardrum， causing a partial loss of 71 。 Studies show that the benefits are most likely to 72 the risks if a child‘s middle ear has produced sticky fluid 73 more than four months despite treatment 74 antibiotics. For less virulent infections， drug treatment is usually a（n） 75 ， safer alternative （though drugs， too， can be overused）。 In the new JAMA study， Kleinman’s team reviewed the medical charts of 6，429 kids， all under 16， 76 doctors had recommended the procedure. Even making “generous assumptions” about the likely 77 ， the researchers found that a quarter of the proposed operations were 78 ， since less invasive alternatives were available， 79 another third were as likely to harm the recipients as help them.
Parents needn‘t 80 about ear tubes that are already in place. Once 81 implanted， the tiny devices provide drainage for six months to a year， then come out by reducing health costs by hundreds of millions of dollars every year.
62. ［A］ rare ［B］ common ［C］ general ［D］ abnormal
63. ［A］ considers ［B］ alternates ［C］ ranges ［D］ ranks
64. ［A］ operation ［B］ disease ［C］ condition ［D］ injection
65. ［A］ finding ［B］ reviewing ［C］ amending ［D］ performing
66. ［A］ controlled ［B］ conducted ［C］ legitimated ［D］ led
67. ［A］ receiving ［B］ accepting ［C］ undertaking ［D］ initiating
68. ［A］ disadvantage ［B］ agreement ［C］ advantage ［D］ shortcoming
69. ［A］ bottom ［B］ risk ［C］ edge ［D］ extent
70. ［A］subtly ［B］ hopefully ［C］ merely ［D］ terribly
71. ［A］ feeling ［B］ hearing ［C］ health ［D］ memory
72. ［A］ outfit ［B］ outflow ［C］ outweigh ［D］ outgrow
73. ［A］ for ［B］ on ［C］ in ［D］ to
74. ［A］ by ［B］ upon ［C］ with ［D］ along
75. ［A］ expensive ［B］ faster ［C］ further ［D］ cheaper
76. ［A］ which ［B］ whose ［C］ that ［D］ who
77. ［A］ risks ［B］ dangers ［C］ chances ［D］ benefits
78. ［A］ inappropriate ［B］ favorable ［C］ preferable ［D］ inadequate
79. ［A］ where ［B］ when ［C］ whether ［D］ while
80. ［A］ outrage ［B］ panic ［C］ complain ［D］ protest
81. ［A］ lively ［B］ quickly ［C］ successfully ［D］ formally
Part VI Translation （5 minutes）
Directions： Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
82. When the train came， ________________________ （人們立即涌進站臺）。
83. To open a file and show the information， ________________________（你需要雙擊文件名）。
84. After fifteen years’ working for the company， ________________________（他被任命為主管）。
85. She works in administration， ________________________（她一天中的絕大多數(shù)時間都花在文書工作和維護記錄上）。
86. Every executive is resp onsible for the success of the company
________________________（無論做什么工作）。
2010年12月大學英語四級考試全真預(yù)測試卷三答案詳解
Part I Writing
To Be a Small Fish in a Big Pond or a Big Fish in a Small Pond？
There are distinct differences between being a small fish in a big pond and a big fish in a small pond， so it is with working as a subordinate in a large enterprise and presiding in a small firm.
With the former， you can derive a deep sense of satisfaction from being a member of a well-known organization such as General Motors， or the Bell. You have the opportunities of learning from experienced executives and knowing about the standard working process.
With the latter， you have greater responsibilities and your decision may bring immediate effect. Normally you are exposed to various experiences and expected to do a great many things without much help or guidance， which will indeed improve your abilities.
Personally I prefer to work in a small firm， where I have great prospect of promotion as long as I work hard. And I‘m sure I’ll become an important figure within my small pond.
Part II Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning）
1. N 結(jié)合標題To Save Trees， Fighting One Alien Insect with Others迅速掃讀全文可知，文章主要不是描寫HWA這種蟲害本身，而是如何防治這種蟲害，故題干表述不正確。
2. Y 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞hallmark和Appalachia‘s national parks定位原文，第三段明確指出The evergreen trees， a hallmark of southern Appalachia’s national parks.。.，可知題干表述正確。
3. Y 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞HWA定位原文，第四段有Already the tiny bug from Japan， known as the hemlock woolly adelgid （HWA）。..，可知題干表述正確。
4. Y 題干中有acting quickly， 與一小標題同，估計答案在其下段落下。定位到第二段，發(fā)現(xiàn)題干是文中原句，故題干表述正確。
5. N 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞An infected tree定位原文，在Acting Quickly下的倒數(shù)第二段段末有An infected tree usually dies within five years of initial attack，可知題干表述錯誤。
6. NG 文章后半部分講到為了控制HWA，美國已在受災(zāi)部分地區(qū)投放HWA的天敵St bettles，但是在文章倒數(shù)第二段末尾指出這種方法是否有效還無法判斷（too early to measure their impact），故本題表述正確與否末可知。
7. N 在對抗HWA的方法中，文章著重介紹了引入其天敵來達到生態(tài)平衡的方法，且在Plans of Attack下的第四段段首有明確說明，故題干表述錯誤。
8. 15 U.S. states。根據(jù)題干中的信息詞1951定位原文，在Acting Quickly下第一段可找到答案。
9. another type of infestation。讀完原文，發(fā)現(xiàn)Risky Business下講了用St bettles來控制HWA這種方法可能帶來的風險，而題干正是談的這種方法，定位Risky Business下的段落，首段即可找到答案。
10. keep HWA in check。后一題多出現(xiàn)在文章末尾，根據(jù)題干中的信息詞year-round定位Risky Busines下的段落，在第三段第一句可以找到答案。
Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A
11. C 綜合推斷題。女士說有1016學生參加考試，但一半沒有通過，由此推斷，通過考試的學生人數(shù)是508人，所以C正確。這里要注意辨別數(shù)字1016（one thousand sixteen），而不是1060（one thousand sixty）。
12. D 綜合推斷題。女士要找瑪麗姑姑，男士回答說他媽媽不在，由此推斷，兩人應(yīng)該是表親，所以D正確。
13. C 信息明示題。女士說蘇珊原本要來，但又改變主意了，所以C（她改變了決定）正確。
14. C 信息明示題。女士問男士為什么站在外面不進去，男士回答說他試了所有的鑰匙，就是找不開門，由此可知，C正確。本題的關(guān)鍵是弄清it指代的是the door。
15. A 綜合推斷題。男士說女士看上去不到30歲，女士回答說：“真的嗎？事實上我已經(jīng)35歲了?！庇纱送茢?，35歲的女士在聽到別人說她看起來不到30時，肯定會很高興，所以A正確。
16. A 信息明示題。本題問的是女士的父親對新車的態(tài)度，而女士前面所說的都是她姐姐（或妹妹對新車的看法，所以本題的關(guān)鍵是女士的后一句話：“我父親認為這是一輛好車?！惫蔬xA。
17. D 綜合推斷題。女士說：“系好安全帶，我們馬上就要起飛了?！蹦惺繂枺骸澳隳芨嬖V我怎么系嗎？”由關(guān)鍵詞take off（起飛）可知，對話發(fā)生在飛機上，所以D正確。
18. C 信息明示題。女士說：“鄰居今晚要開會，我答應(yīng)了要幫他們照看孩子?！庇纱丝芍?，女士今晚要為鄰居看孩子，所以C正確。baby-sit意為“擔任臨時保姆，照顧嬰兒”。
Conversation One
19. D 綜合推斷題。結(jié)合聽力材料，特別是對話開頭提到的old book.。.a lot of pages are turning brown and becoming brittle 可以推斷，對話談?wù)摰氖菚母癄€問題，所以D正確。
20. B 綜合推斷題。女士認為用木材制紙時要往里面加一些化學制品和酸性物質(zhì)以讓紙變白，而男士說終腐蝕紙張的就是這些酸性物質(zhì)，由常識可推斷出這類酸性物質(zhì)也應(yīng)是化學制品，即男士認為書籍的腐爛是由化學制品造成的，故選B。
21. C 信息明示題。男士說books have been made from wood pulp only since the 1850s，即19世紀50年代以前的書不是由木漿做成，所以C正確。
22. C 同義替換題。女士后說的get back to my project 與選項中continue her research同義，所以C正確。
Conversation Two
23. B 綜合推斷題。女士說自己正在上男士曾上過的格雷教授的人類學課程，兩人接著談?wù)摿烁髯詫υ撜n程的看法，還提到了女士為該課程要采訪的對象，由此推斷，對話主要是關(guān)于女士正在上的一門人類學課程的，故選B。
24. A 綜合推斷題。女士說一開始“人種學”這個詞使她感到有些恐懼，因為那似乎非常專業(yè)，但當教授解釋人類學家都做些什么時，她就不覺得那很嚇人了，由此推斷，人種學這一學科沒有她想像的那么難，故選A。
25. C 信息明示題。男士問女士要采訪誰，女士回答說她要先采訪自己以前的老板——位出版社的女主管，故選C。
Section B
Passage One
26. C 信息明示題。文章第一段指出，he had a way of keeping his private life to himself in all but the unessential details， 由此可知，作者之所以認為Penury是個神秘的人是因為所有人都不了解Penury的私生活，故選C。
27. A 信息明示題。文章第一段指出，he was not especially well dressed and he did not even have a car. 排除B、C，并可以推斷出，Penury 是一個不隨便花錢的人。該段還指出，It seemed that he did not have to work for a living as we did， 排除D。
28. B 信息明示題。文章后指出，he was the most accomplished burglar， 由此可知Penury是個夜賊，所以B正確。
Passage Two
29. D 信息明示題。文章第三段指出，In 1860， Lincoln was elected President of the United State. 由此可知D正確。
30. A 信息明示題。文章第三段指出，Civil War， which lasted from 1861 to 1865， 由此可知美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)持續(xù)了四年，故選A。
31. D 信息明示題。文章第五段指出，Lincoln was shot by an actor named John Wilkes Booth. 由此可知，林肯是被一名演員刺殺的，所以D正確。
32. C 綜合推斷題。文章第三段指出，This party opposed the creation of new slave states. 由此可以推斷，南部各州之所以要退出聯(lián)盟是因為林肯所在的共和黨反對奴隸制，所以C正確。
Passage Three
36. laboratory 37. invade 38. poison 39. results
40. magazine 41. sole 42. prevent 43. measured
44. The particle used was two hundred nanometers—much， much smaller than a human hair.
45. The scientists designed the cell as a balloon inside a balloon. They loaded the outer part with a drug that caused the blood vessels to fall in on themselves.
46. The team says the treatment shrank the cancer and avoided health cells better than other treatments.
Part IV Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）
Section A
47. very high
題目問颶風等自然災(zāi)害帶來的損失情況如何。根據(jù)題干中的torrential rains， severe thunderstorms和tornadoes 可以定位到文章第一段，后一句指出損失的總值是exceeded $250 million， 可見損失非常大，故得答案very high.
48. Because the available data are not detailed enough.
題目問傳統(tǒng)的天氣預(yù)報為何不能有效預(yù)報短期內(nèi)天氣的變化。由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞conventional models of atmosphere 可以定位到第二段的開頭，第一句話的后半句because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough直接給出了答案。
49. predicting general weather conditions over large regions
題目問傳統(tǒng)的天氣預(yù)報現(xiàn)在的主要用途。由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞conventional models 定位到第二段。后一句指出conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than.。.， 即：傳統(tǒng)的方式現(xiàn)在主要是用來預(yù)測大范圍內(nèi)的總體天氣情況。
50. Accurate， short-range forecasts.
題干明確定位了本題的答案（第三段），第一句話就給出了解釋：accurate， very short-range forecasts.
51. Computer programs and video equipment.
題目問什么使得Nowcasting 變成了現(xiàn)實?？梢远ㄎ坏轿恼碌暮笠痪?。..using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices， Nowcasting is becoming a reality， 可見是these new technologies 使得Nowcasting成為現(xiàn)實，而these new technologies指代的就是上句話中的computer programs and video equipment.
Section B
Passage One
52. D 細節(jié)題。由文章第三段第四句提到的fast food is appealing because it is fast， it doesn‘t require any dressing up.。.可知，D正確。
53.C 推斷題。文章第三段后一句提到no struggling with knives and forks，由struggling一詞可推斷，孩子們不擅長使用刀叉吃飯，所以C正確。
54. C 推斷題。文章第三段提到，現(xiàn)在很多人都獨自居住，他們不愿意為自己一個人烹制食物，所以C正確。由于題目問的是nowadays的情況，所以可排除強干擾項D。
55. B 推斷題。文章第三段倒數(shù)第三句提到sometimes picked up at a drive-in window without even getting out， 由句中的without even getting out 可以推斷，drive-in window 是免下窗口，即司機可以不用下車就能拿到食物，所以B正確。
56. 語義題。文章第二段第二句意為“只要家庭成員不 準備食物，婦女們就無法完全從家務(wù)雜事中解放出來。”由此推斷，pitch in with應(yīng)意為“幫助”，故選C。
Passage Two
58. C 細節(jié)題。由文章第一段第三句With advice from the FBI可知，F(xiàn)BI只是充當顧問，并無經(jīng)營權(quán)，故選C。
59. D 語義題。被考查句原意為“很多公司為了保證網(wǎng)強的速度和可接入性而不顧及網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全，這讓網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪變得非常容易?！毖酝庵馐呛芏喙靖匾暰W(wǎng)絡(luò)速度和可接入性，從而遭到了電腦黑客的攻擊，所以D正確。
60. B 推斷題。雖然文章提到了firewall（防火墻），但并沒有說公司不使用防火墻是網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪率升高的原因，故選B。而文章第三段第三句（A項），第二段倒數(shù)第二句（C項）和第三段第四句（D項）則分別說明了網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪率上升的原因。
61. A 推斷題。文章第二段第二句指出，黑客攻擊的詳情會被送到FBI的電腦犯罪科，以確定是否需要對其深究，由此推斷，并不是所有的黑客攻擊都值得調(diào)查，所以A 正確。
Part V Cloze
62. B 詞義辨析題。空格所在句子意思為：在20世紀40年代的時候，這個手術(shù)可能不像扁桃腺切除術(shù)________， 但是…。common符合句意，所以B正確。
63. D 詞義辨析題。由空格后的leading可知，鼓膜管置放術(shù)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)位于全國的第一位，所以rank符合句意，D正確。consider主語應(yīng)該是人，這里應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)，所以排除;range表示“排列，把…排列成行”，如：She ranged the books neatly on the desk.她把書整齊地排放在桌子上。
64. A 詞義辨析題?？崭袼诰湟鉃椋汗哪す苤梅判g(shù)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是位于全國第一位的孩童時期的 ________。由此可知，空格所填詞的內(nèi)涵包括鼓膜管置放術(shù)，operation符合句意，所以A正確。
65. B 詞義辨析題?？崭袼诰湟鉃椋涸赺_______6千多手術(shù)中，一組專家發(fā)現(xiàn)少于一半的人接受的治治療是正當?shù)摹eviewing符合句意，所以B正確。amend意為“修正，改進”。
66. D 詞義辨析題。由空后的by Harvard pediatrician Lawrence Kleinman可知，這個專家組是由Lawrence Kleinman帶頭的，led符合句意，所以D正確。
67. A 詞義辨析題?？崭袼诰湟鉃椋好磕昝绹袛?shù)十萬的孩子可能________這種手術(shù)。再看選項可知，空格內(nèi)應(yīng)該是“接受”。receive只表示被動地接受;accept表示主動而且高興地接受，所以A正確。
68. C 詞義辨析題。前面提到只有少于一半的人接受的手術(shù)治療是正當?shù)?，所以可知空格處所在從句意思?yīng)該是說這個手術(shù)對他們沒有什么好處，所以C正確。 Shortcoming意為“缺點，短處”。
69. B 詞義辨析題。同上題分析，這種手術(shù)不僅對他們沒什么好處，還可能增加他們的風險，所以B正確。edge意為“邊緣;優(yōu)勢”。
70. D 詞義辨析題。空格所在句子意思為：植入導管并不是一個________風險的手術(shù)，但是需花費1千到1千5美元，而且有時候還會…。terribly符合句意，所以D正確。subtly意為“敏銳地;精細地”;merely意為“僅僅，只”。
71. B 詞義辨析題?？崭袼诰湟鉃椋骸袝r候還會弄傷耳膜，導致喪失部分________。hearing符合句意，所以B正確。
72. C 詞義辨析題?？崭袼诰湟鉃椋貉芯勘砻?，益處極可能________風險，如果孩子的中耳能…。由此可見，句子是用益處和風險作比較，outweigh符合句意，所以C正確。outfit意為“配備，裝備”;outflow意為“流出”;outgrow意為“長出”。
73. A 慣用搭配題?？崭窈笫莔ore than four months，四個選項都可以接表示時間的詞或短語：on接表示時間點的詞;in表示在將來的時間里發(fā)生;to表示到…時間;for表示一段時間，所以A 正確。
74. C 詞義辨析題。空格所在短語意思是：用抗生素的治療。with符合句意，所以C正確。
75. D 詞義辨析題?？崭窈笫嵌禾?，然后是safer，由此可知，空格和safer是并列的關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該是形容詞比較級，排除A;關(guān)于治療的快慢文章前面沒有提到，排除B、C;文章前面提到治療費用比較高，所以此處可能指更便宜一些，所以D正確。
76. B 語法結(jié)構(gòu)題。空格是從句的引導詞，根據(jù)句意可知，是這些孩子的醫(yī)生建議他們做這個手術(shù)，所以whose符合句意，B正確。
77. D 詞義辨析題。聯(lián)系上下文可知，文章主要論述這種手術(shù)的好處和壞處，選項中A、B同義，所以排除，D正確。
78. A 詞義辨析題?？崭竦脑诰湟鉃椋貉芯咳藛T發(fā)現(xiàn)這些被建議的手術(shù)中的四分之一是________，由前面的even可知，空格處是指這些手術(shù)不好的方面，inappropriate符合句意，所以A正確。inadequate是指“不充分的，不充足的”。
79. D 邏輯銜接題?？崭袼诰渥右馑际牵篲_______另外三分之一很可能像幫助接受手術(shù)治療的人們一樣去傷害他們。由此可見，這里的三分之一是和前面提到的四分之一相對應(yīng)的，所以while符合句意，D正確。
80. D 詞義辨析題?？崭袼诰湟鉃椋杭议L們不用對已經(jīng)植入耳內(nèi)的導管感到________。結(jié)合后面可知，panic（恐慌）符合句意，所以B正確。 outrage意為“凌辱;引起義憤”。
81. C 詞義辨析題?？崭袼诘木湟鉃椋阂坏_______植入以后，這種小裝置就能排泄半年到一年的時間…。可見這正是成功植入后的效果，所以C正確。 formally意為“正式地，形式上”。
Part VI Translation
82. people poured into the platform immediately
本題的考點是“涌進”的譯法，短語pour into與此含義相符。而已有的時間狀語從句為過去時，因此主句也應(yīng)為過去時。
83. you should double click on the file’s name
本題的考點是“雙擊”的譯法。在電腦用語中，雙擊譯為double click，后用介詞on接被點擊之物。
84. he was appointed （as）director
本題的考點是“任命”的譯法，及物動詞appoint與此含義相符。需要注意的是，職位名前不加冠詞。
85. and she spends most of her day doing paperwork and maintaining records
此處應(yīng)用動詞spend表示對時間的花費，而spend在表“花費”時常采用spend.。.（in） doing sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)。還需要注意的是，已有的句子和中文部分譯成的句子應(yīng)為并列關(guān)系，而兩句之間是由逗號相連的，因此要在第二句前加并列連詞and。
86. no matter what job he is doing
本題的考點是“無論是什么”的譯法，可用no matter what。為了表示強強調(diào)，此處還應(yīng)采用現(xiàn)在進行時，表示正從事的工作。
Part I Writing （30 minutes）
Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic： To Be a Small Fish in a Big Pond or a Big Fish in a Small Pond？ You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese：
1. 在大企業(yè)工作的特點
2. 在小企業(yè)工作的特點
3. 我的選擇
To Be a Small Fish in a Big Pond or a Big Fish in a Small Pond？
Part II Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning） （15minutes）
Directions： In this part， you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7， mark
Y （for YES） if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N （for NO） if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG （for NOT GIVEN） if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8-10， complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
To Save Trees， Fighting One Alien Insect with Others
Rusty rhea sighs wistfully as he talks about the beauty and peace of standing amid a grove （小樹林） of deep green hemlocks in Appalachia， some of them up to 160 feet （50 meters） tall and more than 500 years old.
“This is a very special tree，” said Rhea， an entomologist for the U.S. Forest Service‘s Forest Health Protection program in Asheville， North Carolina， “I was brought up here， and I don’t want to see another species go by the wayside.”
The evergreen trees， a hallmark of southern Appalachia‘s national parks， are under attack by an invasive inse4ct barely visible to the eye but potent enough to fell the giants of the eastern United States’ old-growth forests.
Already the tiny bug from Japan， known as the hemlock woolly adelgid （HWA）， has killed upward of 95 percent of the hemlocks in Virginia‘s Shenandoah National Park. Now they are making their way through the half-million-plus-acre （200，000-plus-hectare） Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina and Tennessee.
The hemlocks shade streams， keeping water temperatures just right for brook trout （鮭魚） and other fish. They also house birds such as the black-throated green warbler， solitary vireo， and northern goshawk， all three of which mainly shelter in stands of hemlock trees.
Because of the insect’s broad impact on the entire ecosystem of southern Appalachia， HWA stands to cause wider damage than the American chestnut blight （枯萎?。﹐f the early 1900s. That fungus from Europe killed off the once dominant chestnut trees from the northeast United States to the southern Appalachian Mountains.
In addition， a species related to HWA， the balsam woolly adelgid， has already killed about 90 percent of the mature Fraser fir trees in the Smokies.
Acting Quickly
HWA arrived in the U.S. Pacific Northwest via nursery plants from Japan in 1924. By 1951 the tiny invader had been found in Virginia. Since then the insect has spread to more than 15 U.S. states.
The key to killing the HWA is to catch it early and act quickly. It‘s already well established in the Great Smoky Mountains， where Rhea and others are trying to stem the spread of the bugs.
HWA multiply quickly： All of the insects are females that reproduce asexually （無性地）， laying several hundred eggs a year. When they get to the nymph， or crawler， stage， they are dormant from about June until October， after which they emerge and establish themselves on trees.
Winds and birds and other animals spread the crawlers through the forest.
HWA crawlers feed on the new growth of hemlocks by piercing the twigs that hold the branches， sucking the sap， and injecting toxic saliva. The needles turn from a deep green to a grayish green and eventually die， depriving the tree of nutrition from photosynthesis.
An infected tree usually dies within five years of initial attack. Infection is signaled by either a white， cottonlike material that appears along a tree’s twigs or by the “baldness” of a tree‘s upper branches.
Plans of Attack
In the Pacific Northwest the hemlocks seem to be tolerant of the creatures’ feeding， and in the cold northeast， winters seem to keep them at bay. But in the warm southeast， with weather approximating that of the insects‘ native Asian homes， they thrive.
Chemical sprays-such as insecticidal soaps and horticultural oils as well as trunk or soil injections-have helped to kill some of the HWA infestations.
But spraying must be repeated every six months， and injections are expensive and last only two years at most. These methods can’t be used conveniently or safely in remote areas or near the streams where hemlocks grow thickly.
Long term， the best way to control the pests appears to be releasing other insects that feed exclusively on HWA. Scientists have studied HWA in Japan and China and identified three such species. One of them， the Sasajiscymnus tsugae （St） beetle， was released in areas of Great Smoky Mountains National Park in 2002.
Studying what controls a species in its native habitat-including climate， predators， and host resistance-provided clues about which insects to use against HWA， said Kristine Johnson. Based in Gatlinburg， Tennessee， Johnson is a supervisory forester for Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
“Biological control is the only long-term hope to save the trees in the backcountry （窮鄉(xiāng)僻壤），” she said. “We have 800 square miles （2，100 square kilometers） of contiguous wilderness. We value the native forest， and it‘s entirely worth defending.”
Risky Business
Releasing one species of non-native bug to kill another could be risky business， potentially creating another type of infestation. But scientists first quarantined and studied the HWA-killer insects.
They believe the St beetles are the best answer to the HWA problem and that they won’t cause side damage. This tiny black female beetle， the size of a poppy seed， is already spreading in the Great Smoky Mountains.
But the beetle and other HWA-killer insects are seasonal， so it will take several different ones operating year-round to keep HWA in check， Rhea said. He doesn‘t believe HWA will be completely eradicated （根除） but will instead be kept in balance by the predator insects. “We’re trying to insert a balance in a system that‘s out of balance，” he said.
Each St beetle can lay 200 to 300 eggs， said Ernest Bernard， professor of entomology at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville.
Bernard’s laboratory is one of several that are breeding the beetles.
“Each beetle eats hundreds of baby adelgids a year，” he said. And about 120，000 of the beetles have been released in the past couple years in the Smokies， but it is still too early to measure their impact.
One good sign， Bernard said， is that some beetle larvae （幼蟲） have been found in areas where they were not released， indicating that the HWA killers may be reproducing and spreading.
1. The passage gives a general description of an invasive insect， HWA.
2. Hemlock is a hallmark of southern Appalachia‘s national parks.
3. The invasive insect， known as the hemlock woolly adelgid （HWA）， is from Japan.
4. The key to killing the HWA is to catch it early and act quickly.
5. An infected tree usually dies immediately.
6. The Hemlock in the U.S. will be saved from HWA soon.
7. The long term， best way to control the pests HWA is spraying.
8. Since 1951 the HWA has spread to more than________.
9. Releasing one species of non-native bug to kill another could create________.
10. It will take several different insects operating year-round to________.
Part III Listening Comprehension （35 minutes）
Section A
Directions： In this section， you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation， one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause， you must read the four choices marked ［A］， ［B］， ［C］ and ［D］， and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
11. ［A］ 1016.
［B］ 1060.
［C］ 508.
［D］ 580.
12. ［A］ Father and daughter.
［B］ Uncle and niece.
［C］ Aunt and nephew.
［D］ Cousins.
13. ［A］ She wasn’t invited.
［B］ She wasn‘t ready to come.
［C］ She altered her decision.
［D］ She forgot the invitation.
14. ［A］ The door needs repairing.
［B］ He had lost all his keys.
［C］ He couldn’t open the door.
［D］ He wanted the woman to help him.
15. ［A］ She‘s rather happy to hear so.
［B］ She’s disappointed to hear so.
［C］ She‘s unhappy to hear so.
［D］ She’s surprised to hear so.
16. ［A］ He thought it was a good car.
［B］ He thought it was too noisy.
［C］ He thought there was something wrong with the car.
［D］ H didn‘t like it.
17. ［A］ In a car.
［B］ In a train.
［C］ In a ship.
［D］ In a plane.
18. ［A］ She’ll go to the concert.
［B］ She‘ll have a meeting.
［C］ She’ll watch her neighbor‘s children.
［D］ She’ll visit her neighbor.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. ［A］ The early history of bookbinding.
［B］ How old books become valuable.
［C］ Economical ways to protect old books.
［D］ Why some books decay.
20. ［A］ They are often handled improperly by readers.
［B］ The paper is destroyed by chemicals.
［C］ The ink used in printing damages the paper.
［D］ The glue used in the binding loses its strength.
21. ［A］ They are difficult to read.
［B］ They are slowly falling apart.
［C］ They were not made from wood pulp.
［D］ They should be stored in a cold place.
22. ［A］ Get some books for the man to look at.
［B］ Ask the man to look over her notes.
［C］ Continue her research in the library.
［D］ Find more information on how books are preserved.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. ［A］ Which major the woman will be choosing.
［B］ An anthropology course the woman is taking.
［C］ How to find a job in publishing.
［D］ Which anthropology professors the man recommends.
24. ［A］ It is not as difficult as she had thought it would be.
［B］ She would like her professor to explain it more clearly.
［C］ She took a class on it last semester.
［D］ Her professor will write a book on it soon.
25. ［A］ Her professor.
［B］ A classmate.
［C］ Her former boss.
［D］ A foreign diplomat.
Section B
Directions： In this section， you will hear 3 short passages. At the and of each passage， you will hear some questions Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked ［A］， ［B］， ［C］ and ［D］。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. ［A］ Because nobody knew his address.
［B］ Because nobody knew his age.
［C］ Because Penury‘s private life was a secret.
［D］ Because Penury was still a bachelor at the age of forty-five.
27. ［A］ He did not spend money freely.
［B］ He was always well-dressed.
［C］ He had a luxurious car.
［D］ He worked hard for a living.
28. ［A］ A photographer.
［B］ A burglar.
［C］ A reporter.
［D］ A professor.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. ［A］ In 1809.
［B］ In 1863.
［C］ In 1865.
［D］ In 1860.
30. ［A］ Four years.
［B］ Five years.
［C］ Three years.
［D］ Six years.
31. ［A］ A soldier.
［B］ A thief.
［C］ A government officer.
［D］ An actor.
32. ［A］ Because they didn’t like Lincoln being their President.
［B］ Because they wanted to set up their own government.
［C］ Because they disagreed with Lincoln on the abolishment of slavery.
［D］ Because they wanted to stage a war against Lincoln‘s government.
Passage Three
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. ［A］ 10 points.
［B］ 2 points.
［C］ 15 points.
［D］ 5 points.
34. ［A］ They will take one of the six major tests.
［B］ They will have to write a composition.
［C］ They will be given a pop test.
［D］ They will be required to read a short story in class.
35. ［A］ An essay.
［B］ A magazine article.
［C］ A poem.
［D］ A short story.
Section C
Directions： In this section， you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time， you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time， you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blank， you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally， when the passage is read for the third time， you should check what you have written.
Scientists have developed a new cancer drug. So far， they have tested it only on （36） ________ animals. The drug is designed to （37） ________ and kill cancer cells but not healthy cells.
First， the drug enters the cancer and destroys the supply of blood. Then it releases （38） ________ to destroy the cancer cells.
Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge carried out the study. The （39） ________ appeared in Nature （40） ________. A school news release called the drug an “anti-cancer smart bomb.”
Ram Sasisekharan is a professor at M.I.T. He says his team had to （41） ________ three problems. They had to find a way to destroy the blood vessels， then to （42） ________ the growth of new ones. But they also needed the blood vessels to supply chemicals to destroy the cancer.
So， the researchers designed a two-part “nanocell”。 The cell is （43） ________ in nanometers， or one thousand millionth of a meter. （44） ________________________.
The scientists say it was small enough to pass through the blood vessels of the cancer， but it was too big to enter normal blood vessels. The surface of the nanocells also helped them to avoid natural defenses.
（45） ________________________. That cut off the blood supply and trapped the nanocell inside the cancer. Then， the nanocell slowly released chemotherapy drugs to kill the cancer cells.
（46） ________________________.
Part IV Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth） （25 minutes）
Section A
Directions： In this section， there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.
Many of the most damaging and life threatening types of weather-torrential rains， severe thunderstorms， and tornadoes-begin quickly， strike suddenly， and disappear rapidly， destroying small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. Such event as a tornado struck the northeastern section of Edmonton， Alberta， in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million， the highest ever for any Canadian storm.
Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado， because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to study carefully the subtly atmospheric changes that come before these storms. In most nations， for example， weather-balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data， conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.
Until recently， the observation intensive approach needed for accurate， very short-range forecasts， or “Nowcasts”， was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was extremely high， and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were hard to overcome. Fortunately， scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems， automated weather instruments， and satellites are all capable of making detailed， nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously， and modern computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists （氣象學者） and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words， symbols， and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices， Nowcasting is becoming a reality.
47. It can be inferred from the passage that the value of damages from torrential rains， severe thunderstorms and tornadoes is ________________________.
48. Why do conventional models of the atmosphere fail to predict such a short-lived tornado？
___________________________________________________________________________.
49. It can be inferred from the passage that conventional forecasting models are now mostly used for ________________________.
50. What does “Nowcasts” mean according to the passage？
___________________________________________________________________________.
51. According to the passage， what makes “Nowcasting” a reality？
___________________________________________________________________________.
Section B
Directions： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］ and ［D］。 You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
What makes Americans spend nearly half their food dollars on meals away from home？ The answers lie in the way Americans live today. During the first few decades of the twentieth century， canned and other convenience foods freed the family cook from full-time duty at the kitchen range.
Then， in the 1940s， work in the wartime defense plants took more women out of the home that ever before， setting the pattern of the working wife and mother. Unless family members pitch in with food preparation， women are not fully liberated from that chore.
It’s easier to pick up a bucket of fried chicken on the way home from work or take the family out for pizzas or burgers than to start opening cans or heating up frozen dinners after a long， hard day. Also nowadays， the rising divorce rate means that there are more single working parents with children to feed. And many young adults and elderly people， as well as unmarried and divorced mature people， live alone rather than as a part of a family unit and don‘t want to bother cooking for one. Fast food is appealing because it is fast， it doesn’t require any dressing up， it offers a “fun” break in the daily routine， and the outlay of money seems small. It can be eaten in the car-sometimes picked up at a drive-in window without even getting out-or on the run. Even if it is brought home to eat， there will never be any dirty dishes to wash because of the handy disposable wrappings. Children， especially， love fast food because it‘s finger food， no struggling with knives and forks， no annoying instructions from adults about table manners.
52. Americans enjoy fast food mainly because ________.
［A］ it can be eaten in the car
［B］ it is much more tasty than home-made food
［C］ one only uses his fingers while eating it
［D］ it is time-saving and convenient
53. It can be inferred that children ________.
［A］ want to have freedom at table
［B］ wash dishes after each meal
［C］ are not good at using forks and knives while eating
［D］ take eating time as a fun break
54. Many Americans are eating out and not cooking at home nowadays because ________.
［A］ they want to make a change after eating the same food for years at home
［B］ the food made outside home tastes better than food cooked at home
［C］ many of them live alone or don’t like taking trouble to cook
［D］ American women refuse to cook at home due to women‘s liberation movement
55. According to the text， a drive-in window is a ________.
［A］ car window from which you can see the driver
［B］ window in the restaurant from which you get your meal in the car
［C］ place where you check the mechanic condition of your car
［D］ entrance where you return the used plates after eating
56. The expression “pitch in with” （Line 2， Para. 2） probably means________.
［A］ complain
［B］ enjoy
［C］ help
［D］ deny
Passage Two
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
InfraGard is a grass-roots effort to respond to the need for cooperation and collaboration in countering the threat of cyber crime and terrorism to private businesses and the government. By the end of September， there will be InfraGard chapters in all 50 states， Calloway said. With advice from the FBI， each local chapter will be run by a board of directors that includes members of private industry， the academic community and public agencies. Bands， utilities， and other businesses and government agencies will use a secure Web site to share information about attempts to hack into their computer networks. Members can join the system free. A key feature of the system is a two-pronged method of reporting attacks.
A “sanitized” description of a hacking attempt or other incident-one that doesn’t reveal the name or information about the victim-can be shared with the other members to spot trends. Then a more detailed description also can be sent to the FBI‘s computer crimes unit to interfere if there are grounds for an investigation. Cyber crime has jumped in recent years across the nation， particularly in hotbeds of financial commerce and technology like Charlotte. “Ten years ago， all you needed to protect yourself was a safe， a fence and security officers，” said Chris Swecker， who is in charge of the FBI’s Charlotte office. “Now any business with a modem is subject to attack.” FBI agents investigate computer hacking that disrupted popular Web sites including Amazon. com， CNN and Yahoo！
several North Carolina victims have been identified this year. The investigation has also identified computer systems in North Carolina used by hackers to commit such attacks. Prosecutions of hackers have been hampered by the reluctance of companies to report security intrusions for fear of bad publicity and lost business. Meanwhile， too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility. Jack Wiles， who will lead the local InfraGard chapter‘s board， said a recent report estimated 97 percent of all cyber crime goes undetected. Wiles， a computer security expert， has a firewall on his personal computer to prevent hackers from getting into his files. “I get at least one report a day that somebody was trying to get into my computer，” he said， “the Net is a wonderful place， but it’s also a dangerous one.”
57. From the first paragraph， we know ________.
［A］ InfraGard is a protective measure against cyber crime
［B］ InfraGard is a measure of cooperation and collaboration
［C］ there will be 50 InfraGard chapters in all states
［D］ private business and the government are now committing cyber crime
58. Each local chapter of InfraGard will be run by the following EXCEPT ________.
［A］ academic communities
［B］ public agencies
［C］ FBI
［D］ private industry
59. By saying “too many corporations.。.speed and accessibility” （Lines 3～4， Para. 3）， the author means ________.
［A］ too many corporations take no notice of the security problem of computers
［B］ criminals are sacrificing security for speed and accessibility
［C］ it‘s very easy to sacrifice security for speed and accessibility
［D］ many companies suffer from computer hacking because they value speed and accessibility more than security
60. All the following are reasons for the rise in cyber crime EXCEPT ________.
［A］ victims won’t report intrusions by hackers
［B］ victims have no firewalls
［C］ the use of modem is increasing
［D］ companies don‘t pay enough attention to security
61. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.
［A］ not all hacking attempts are worthy of investigation
［B］ information of the victims is inaccessible
［C］ InfraGard chapters will be in effect by the end of September
［D］ Amazon.com was often disrupted by hacking
Part V Cloze （15 minutes）
Directions： There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］ and ［D］ on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Every year more than half a million American kids have drainage （排泄） tubes surgically implanted in their ears to combat persistent infections. The procedure， know as tympanostomy， may not be as 62 as the tonsillectomy was in the 1940s， but it now 63 as the nation’s leading childhood 64 and a new study suggests it‘s being vastly overused. In 65 more than 6，000 scheduled ear tube operations， a team of experts 66 by Harvard pediatrician Lawrence Kleinman found that fewer than half were clearly justified. “Each year”， the researchers write in the current Journal of the American Medical Association （JAMA）， “several hundred thousand children in the United States may be 67 tympanostomy tubes that offer them no demonstrated 68 。..and may place them at increased 69 ?！?BR> Tube placement isn’t a 70 risky procedure， but it costs $1，000 to $1，500 and sometimes scars the eardrum， causing a partial loss of 71 。 Studies show that the benefits are most likely to 72 the risks if a child‘s middle ear has produced sticky fluid 73 more than four months despite treatment 74 antibiotics. For less virulent infections， drug treatment is usually a（n） 75 ， safer alternative （though drugs， too， can be overused）。 In the new JAMA study， Kleinman’s team reviewed the medical charts of 6，429 kids， all under 16， 76 doctors had recommended the procedure. Even making “generous assumptions” about the likely 77 ， the researchers found that a quarter of the proposed operations were 78 ， since less invasive alternatives were available， 79 another third were as likely to harm the recipients as help them.
Parents needn‘t 80 about ear tubes that are already in place. Once 81 implanted， the tiny devices provide drainage for six months to a year， then come out by reducing health costs by hundreds of millions of dollars every year.
62. ［A］ rare ［B］ common ［C］ general ［D］ abnormal
63. ［A］ considers ［B］ alternates ［C］ ranges ［D］ ranks
64. ［A］ operation ［B］ disease ［C］ condition ［D］ injection
65. ［A］ finding ［B］ reviewing ［C］ amending ［D］ performing
66. ［A］ controlled ［B］ conducted ［C］ legitimated ［D］ led
67. ［A］ receiving ［B］ accepting ［C］ undertaking ［D］ initiating
68. ［A］ disadvantage ［B］ agreement ［C］ advantage ［D］ shortcoming
69. ［A］ bottom ［B］ risk ［C］ edge ［D］ extent
70. ［A］subtly ［B］ hopefully ［C］ merely ［D］ terribly
71. ［A］ feeling ［B］ hearing ［C］ health ［D］ memory
72. ［A］ outfit ［B］ outflow ［C］ outweigh ［D］ outgrow
73. ［A］ for ［B］ on ［C］ in ［D］ to
74. ［A］ by ［B］ upon ［C］ with ［D］ along
75. ［A］ expensive ［B］ faster ［C］ further ［D］ cheaper
76. ［A］ which ［B］ whose ［C］ that ［D］ who
77. ［A］ risks ［B］ dangers ［C］ chances ［D］ benefits
78. ［A］ inappropriate ［B］ favorable ［C］ preferable ［D］ inadequate
79. ［A］ where ［B］ when ［C］ whether ［D］ while
80. ［A］ outrage ［B］ panic ［C］ complain ［D］ protest
81. ［A］ lively ［B］ quickly ［C］ successfully ［D］ formally
Part VI Translation （5 minutes）
Directions： Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
82. When the train came， ________________________ （人們立即涌進站臺）。
83. To open a file and show the information， ________________________（你需要雙擊文件名）。
84. After fifteen years’ working for the company， ________________________（他被任命為主管）。
85. She works in administration， ________________________（她一天中的絕大多數(shù)時間都花在文書工作和維護記錄上）。
86. Every executive is resp onsible for the success of the company
________________________（無論做什么工作）。
2010年12月大學英語四級考試全真預(yù)測試卷三答案詳解
Part I Writing
To Be a Small Fish in a Big Pond or a Big Fish in a Small Pond？
There are distinct differences between being a small fish in a big pond and a big fish in a small pond， so it is with working as a subordinate in a large enterprise and presiding in a small firm.
With the former， you can derive a deep sense of satisfaction from being a member of a well-known organization such as General Motors， or the Bell. You have the opportunities of learning from experienced executives and knowing about the standard working process.
With the latter， you have greater responsibilities and your decision may bring immediate effect. Normally you are exposed to various experiences and expected to do a great many things without much help or guidance， which will indeed improve your abilities.
Personally I prefer to work in a small firm， where I have great prospect of promotion as long as I work hard. And I‘m sure I’ll become an important figure within my small pond.
Part II Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning）
1. N 結(jié)合標題To Save Trees， Fighting One Alien Insect with Others迅速掃讀全文可知，文章主要不是描寫HWA這種蟲害本身，而是如何防治這種蟲害，故題干表述不正確。
2. Y 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞hallmark和Appalachia‘s national parks定位原文，第三段明確指出The evergreen trees， a hallmark of southern Appalachia’s national parks.。.，可知題干表述正確。
3. Y 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞HWA定位原文，第四段有Already the tiny bug from Japan， known as the hemlock woolly adelgid （HWA）。..，可知題干表述正確。
4. Y 題干中有acting quickly， 與一小標題同，估計答案在其下段落下。定位到第二段，發(fā)現(xiàn)題干是文中原句，故題干表述正確。
5. N 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞An infected tree定位原文，在Acting Quickly下的倒數(shù)第二段段末有An infected tree usually dies within five years of initial attack，可知題干表述錯誤。
6. NG 文章后半部分講到為了控制HWA，美國已在受災(zāi)部分地區(qū)投放HWA的天敵St bettles，但是在文章倒數(shù)第二段末尾指出這種方法是否有效還無法判斷（too early to measure their impact），故本題表述正確與否末可知。
7. N 在對抗HWA的方法中，文章著重介紹了引入其天敵來達到生態(tài)平衡的方法，且在Plans of Attack下的第四段段首有明確說明，故題干表述錯誤。
8. 15 U.S. states。根據(jù)題干中的信息詞1951定位原文，在Acting Quickly下第一段可找到答案。
9. another type of infestation。讀完原文，發(fā)現(xiàn)Risky Business下講了用St bettles來控制HWA這種方法可能帶來的風險，而題干正是談的這種方法，定位Risky Business下的段落，首段即可找到答案。
10. keep HWA in check。后一題多出現(xiàn)在文章末尾，根據(jù)題干中的信息詞year-round定位Risky Busines下的段落，在第三段第一句可以找到答案。
Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A
11. C 綜合推斷題。女士說有1016學生參加考試，但一半沒有通過，由此推斷，通過考試的學生人數(shù)是508人，所以C正確。這里要注意辨別數(shù)字1016（one thousand sixteen），而不是1060（one thousand sixty）。
12. D 綜合推斷題。女士要找瑪麗姑姑，男士回答說他媽媽不在，由此推斷，兩人應(yīng)該是表親，所以D正確。
13. C 信息明示題。女士說蘇珊原本要來，但又改變主意了，所以C（她改變了決定）正確。
14. C 信息明示題。女士問男士為什么站在外面不進去，男士回答說他試了所有的鑰匙，就是找不開門，由此可知，C正確。本題的關(guān)鍵是弄清it指代的是the door。
15. A 綜合推斷題。男士說女士看上去不到30歲，女士回答說：“真的嗎？事實上我已經(jīng)35歲了?！庇纱送茢?，35歲的女士在聽到別人說她看起來不到30時，肯定會很高興，所以A正確。
16. A 信息明示題。本題問的是女士的父親對新車的態(tài)度，而女士前面所說的都是她姐姐（或妹妹對新車的看法，所以本題的關(guān)鍵是女士的后一句話：“我父親認為這是一輛好車?！惫蔬xA。
17. D 綜合推斷題。女士說：“系好安全帶，我們馬上就要起飛了?！蹦惺繂枺骸澳隳芨嬖V我怎么系嗎？”由關(guān)鍵詞take off（起飛）可知，對話發(fā)生在飛機上，所以D正確。
18. C 信息明示題。女士說：“鄰居今晚要開會，我答應(yīng)了要幫他們照看孩子?！庇纱丝芍?，女士今晚要為鄰居看孩子，所以C正確。baby-sit意為“擔任臨時保姆，照顧嬰兒”。
Conversation One
19. D 綜合推斷題。結(jié)合聽力材料，特別是對話開頭提到的old book.。.a lot of pages are turning brown and becoming brittle 可以推斷，對話談?wù)摰氖菚母癄€問題，所以D正確。
20. B 綜合推斷題。女士認為用木材制紙時要往里面加一些化學制品和酸性物質(zhì)以讓紙變白，而男士說終腐蝕紙張的就是這些酸性物質(zhì)，由常識可推斷出這類酸性物質(zhì)也應(yīng)是化學制品，即男士認為書籍的腐爛是由化學制品造成的，故選B。
21. C 信息明示題。男士說books have been made from wood pulp only since the 1850s，即19世紀50年代以前的書不是由木漿做成，所以C正確。
22. C 同義替換題。女士后說的get back to my project 與選項中continue her research同義，所以C正確。
Conversation Two
23. B 綜合推斷題。女士說自己正在上男士曾上過的格雷教授的人類學課程，兩人接著談?wù)摿烁髯詫υ撜n程的看法，還提到了女士為該課程要采訪的對象，由此推斷，對話主要是關(guān)于女士正在上的一門人類學課程的，故選B。
24. A 綜合推斷題。女士說一開始“人種學”這個詞使她感到有些恐懼，因為那似乎非常專業(yè)，但當教授解釋人類學家都做些什么時，她就不覺得那很嚇人了，由此推斷，人種學這一學科沒有她想像的那么難，故選A。
25. C 信息明示題。男士問女士要采訪誰，女士回答說她要先采訪自己以前的老板——位出版社的女主管，故選C。
Section B
Passage One
26. C 信息明示題。文章第一段指出，he had a way of keeping his private life to himself in all but the unessential details， 由此可知，作者之所以認為Penury是個神秘的人是因為所有人都不了解Penury的私生活，故選C。
27. A 信息明示題。文章第一段指出，he was not especially well dressed and he did not even have a car. 排除B、C，并可以推斷出，Penury 是一個不隨便花錢的人。該段還指出，It seemed that he did not have to work for a living as we did， 排除D。
28. B 信息明示題。文章后指出，he was the most accomplished burglar， 由此可知Penury是個夜賊，所以B正確。
Passage Two
29. D 信息明示題。文章第三段指出，In 1860， Lincoln was elected President of the United State. 由此可知D正確。
30. A 信息明示題。文章第三段指出，Civil War， which lasted from 1861 to 1865， 由此可知美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)持續(xù)了四年，故選A。
31. D 信息明示題。文章第五段指出，Lincoln was shot by an actor named John Wilkes Booth. 由此可知，林肯是被一名演員刺殺的，所以D正確。
32. C 綜合推斷題。文章第三段指出，This party opposed the creation of new slave states. 由此可以推斷，南部各州之所以要退出聯(lián)盟是因為林肯所在的共和黨反對奴隸制，所以C正確。
Passage Three
36. laboratory 37. invade 38. poison 39. results
40. magazine 41. sole 42. prevent 43. measured
44. The particle used was two hundred nanometers—much， much smaller than a human hair.
45. The scientists designed the cell as a balloon inside a balloon. They loaded the outer part with a drug that caused the blood vessels to fall in on themselves.
46. The team says the treatment shrank the cancer and avoided health cells better than other treatments.
Part IV Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）
Section A
47. very high
題目問颶風等自然災(zāi)害帶來的損失情況如何。根據(jù)題干中的torrential rains， severe thunderstorms和tornadoes 可以定位到文章第一段，后一句指出損失的總值是exceeded $250 million， 可見損失非常大，故得答案very high.
48. Because the available data are not detailed enough.
題目問傳統(tǒng)的天氣預(yù)報為何不能有效預(yù)報短期內(nèi)天氣的變化。由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞conventional models of atmosphere 可以定位到第二段的開頭，第一句話的后半句because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough直接給出了答案。
49. predicting general weather conditions over large regions
題目問傳統(tǒng)的天氣預(yù)報現(xiàn)在的主要用途。由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞conventional models 定位到第二段。后一句指出conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than.。.， 即：傳統(tǒng)的方式現(xiàn)在主要是用來預(yù)測大范圍內(nèi)的總體天氣情況。
50. Accurate， short-range forecasts.
題干明確定位了本題的答案（第三段），第一句話就給出了解釋：accurate， very short-range forecasts.
51. Computer programs and video equipment.
題目問什么使得Nowcasting 變成了現(xiàn)實?？梢远ㄎ坏轿恼碌暮笠痪?。..using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices， Nowcasting is becoming a reality， 可見是these new technologies 使得Nowcasting成為現(xiàn)實，而these new technologies指代的就是上句話中的computer programs and video equipment.
Section B
Passage One
52. D 細節(jié)題。由文章第三段第四句提到的fast food is appealing because it is fast， it doesn‘t require any dressing up.。.可知，D正確。
53.C 推斷題。文章第三段后一句提到no struggling with knives and forks，由struggling一詞可推斷，孩子們不擅長使用刀叉吃飯，所以C正確。
54. C 推斷題。文章第三段提到，現(xiàn)在很多人都獨自居住，他們不愿意為自己一個人烹制食物，所以C正確。由于題目問的是nowadays的情況，所以可排除強干擾項D。
55. B 推斷題。文章第三段倒數(shù)第三句提到sometimes picked up at a drive-in window without even getting out， 由句中的without even getting out 可以推斷，drive-in window 是免下窗口，即司機可以不用下車就能拿到食物，所以B正確。
56. 語義題。文章第二段第二句意為“只要家庭成員不 準備食物，婦女們就無法完全從家務(wù)雜事中解放出來。”由此推斷，pitch in with應(yīng)意為“幫助”，故選C。
Passage Two
58. C 細節(jié)題。由文章第一段第三句With advice from the FBI可知，F(xiàn)BI只是充當顧問，并無經(jīng)營權(quán)，故選C。
59. D 語義題。被考查句原意為“很多公司為了保證網(wǎng)強的速度和可接入性而不顧及網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全，這讓網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪變得非常容易?！毖酝庵馐呛芏喙靖匾暰W(wǎng)絡(luò)速度和可接入性，從而遭到了電腦黑客的攻擊，所以D正確。
60. B 推斷題。雖然文章提到了firewall（防火墻），但并沒有說公司不使用防火墻是網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪率升高的原因，故選B。而文章第三段第三句（A項），第二段倒數(shù)第二句（C項）和第三段第四句（D項）則分別說明了網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪率上升的原因。
61. A 推斷題。文章第二段第二句指出，黑客攻擊的詳情會被送到FBI的電腦犯罪科，以確定是否需要對其深究，由此推斷，并不是所有的黑客攻擊都值得調(diào)查，所以A 正確。
Part V Cloze
62. B 詞義辨析題。空格所在句子意思為：在20世紀40年代的時候，這個手術(shù)可能不像扁桃腺切除術(shù)________， 但是…。common符合句意，所以B正確。
63. D 詞義辨析題。由空格后的leading可知，鼓膜管置放術(shù)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)位于全國的第一位，所以rank符合句意，D正確。consider主語應(yīng)該是人，這里應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)，所以排除;range表示“排列，把…排列成行”，如：She ranged the books neatly on the desk.她把書整齊地排放在桌子上。
64. A 詞義辨析題?？崭袼诰湟鉃椋汗哪す苤梅判g(shù)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是位于全國第一位的孩童時期的 ________。由此可知，空格所填詞的內(nèi)涵包括鼓膜管置放術(shù)，operation符合句意，所以A正確。
65. B 詞義辨析題?？崭袼诰湟鉃椋涸赺_______6千多手術(shù)中，一組專家發(fā)現(xiàn)少于一半的人接受的治治療是正當?shù)摹eviewing符合句意，所以B正確。amend意為“修正，改進”。
66. D 詞義辨析題。由空后的by Harvard pediatrician Lawrence Kleinman可知，這個專家組是由Lawrence Kleinman帶頭的，led符合句意，所以D正確。
67. A 詞義辨析題?？崭袼诰湟鉃椋好磕昝绹袛?shù)十萬的孩子可能________這種手術(shù)。再看選項可知，空格內(nèi)應(yīng)該是“接受”。receive只表示被動地接受;accept表示主動而且高興地接受，所以A正確。
68. C 詞義辨析題。前面提到只有少于一半的人接受的手術(shù)治療是正當?shù)?，所以可知空格處所在從句意思?yīng)該是說這個手術(shù)對他們沒有什么好處，所以C正確。 Shortcoming意為“缺點，短處”。
69. B 詞義辨析題。同上題分析，這種手術(shù)不僅對他們沒什么好處，還可能增加他們的風險，所以B正確。edge意為“邊緣;優(yōu)勢”。
70. D 詞義辨析題。空格所在句子意思為：植入導管并不是一個________風險的手術(shù)，但是需花費1千到1千5美元，而且有時候還會…。terribly符合句意，所以D正確。subtly意為“敏銳地;精細地”;merely意為“僅僅，只”。
71. B 詞義辨析題?？崭袼诰湟鉃椋骸袝r候還會弄傷耳膜，導致喪失部分________。hearing符合句意，所以B正確。
72. C 詞義辨析題?？崭袼诰湟鉃椋貉芯勘砻?，益處極可能________風險，如果孩子的中耳能…。由此可見，句子是用益處和風險作比較，outweigh符合句意，所以C正確。outfit意為“配備，裝備”;outflow意為“流出”;outgrow意為“長出”。
73. A 慣用搭配題?？崭窈笫莔ore than four months，四個選項都可以接表示時間的詞或短語：on接表示時間點的詞;in表示在將來的時間里發(fā)生;to表示到…時間;for表示一段時間，所以A 正確。
74. C 詞義辨析題。空格所在短語意思是：用抗生素的治療。with符合句意，所以C正確。
75. D 詞義辨析題?？崭窈笫嵌禾?，然后是safer，由此可知，空格和safer是并列的關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該是形容詞比較級，排除A;關(guān)于治療的快慢文章前面沒有提到，排除B、C;文章前面提到治療費用比較高，所以此處可能指更便宜一些，所以D正確。
76. B 語法結(jié)構(gòu)題。空格是從句的引導詞，根據(jù)句意可知，是這些孩子的醫(yī)生建議他們做這個手術(shù)，所以whose符合句意，B正確。
77. D 詞義辨析題。聯(lián)系上下文可知，文章主要論述這種手術(shù)的好處和壞處，選項中A、B同義，所以排除，D正確。
78. A 詞義辨析題?？崭竦脑诰湟鉃椋貉芯咳藛T發(fā)現(xiàn)這些被建議的手術(shù)中的四分之一是________，由前面的even可知，空格處是指這些手術(shù)不好的方面，inappropriate符合句意，所以A正確。inadequate是指“不充分的，不充足的”。
79. D 邏輯銜接題?？崭袼诰渥右馑际牵篲_______另外三分之一很可能像幫助接受手術(shù)治療的人們一樣去傷害他們。由此可見，這里的三分之一是和前面提到的四分之一相對應(yīng)的，所以while符合句意，D正確。
80. D 詞義辨析題?？崭袼诰湟鉃椋杭议L們不用對已經(jīng)植入耳內(nèi)的導管感到________。結(jié)合后面可知，panic（恐慌）符合句意，所以B正確。 outrage意為“凌辱;引起義憤”。
81. C 詞義辨析題?？崭袼诘木湟鉃椋阂坏_______植入以后，這種小裝置就能排泄半年到一年的時間…。可見這正是成功植入后的效果，所以C正確。 formally意為“正式地，形式上”。
Part VI Translation
82. people poured into the platform immediately
本題的考點是“涌進”的譯法，短語pour into與此含義相符。而已有的時間狀語從句為過去時，因此主句也應(yīng)為過去時。
83. you should double click on the file’s name
本題的考點是“雙擊”的譯法。在電腦用語中，雙擊譯為double click，后用介詞on接被點擊之物。
84. he was appointed （as）director
本題的考點是“任命”的譯法，及物動詞appoint與此含義相符。需要注意的是，職位名前不加冠詞。
85. and she spends most of her day doing paperwork and maintaining records
此處應(yīng)用動詞spend表示對時間的花費，而spend在表“花費”時常采用spend.。.（in） doing sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)。還需要注意的是，已有的句子和中文部分譯成的句子應(yīng)為并列關(guān)系，而兩句之間是由逗號相連的，因此要在第二句前加并列連詞and。
86. no matter what job he is doing
本題的考點是“無論是什么”的譯法，可用no matter what。為了表示強強調(diào)，此處還應(yīng)采用現(xiàn)在進行時，表示正從事的工作。