Exercise
Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals,and in doing so ensured their survival,by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.
These expenses,however,usually involve the rent of a small office,expenses for stationary,and possibly,the salary of a secretary.
He must assume that you have lived in the tropics,have never seen a coat worn or put on,and that he is to tell you verbally how to do it.
要點分析和參考譯文
要點：此句為一個多層次的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，“by” 以前的部分為句子的主體部分，由“and”連接的兩個并列的分句組成。第二個分句的主語和一部分謂語省略了以避免重復(fù)。In doing so可以理解為in the process of distinguished themselves from other animals。第二個分局的完整句子應(yīng)為and in doing so （they have）ensured their survival.By 所引導(dǎo)的短語里ability帶了多個動詞不定式做修飾，這些不定式又存在著一個并列的結(jié)構(gòu)，to observe and （to）understand與either……or引導(dǎo)的to adapt to……，to control and（to） adapt it……得并列，and連接。
參考譯文：人類已把自己和其他動物區(qū)別開了。人類具有觀察和了解周圍環(huán)境的能力，能適應(yīng)環(huán)境，控制環(huán)境和根據(jù)自己的需要改造環(huán)境。人類就是這樣生存了下來。
要點：在謂語動詞involve 后面是由三個平行的名詞短語構(gòu)成的賓語：he rent of a small office，expenses for stationary，the salary of a secretary。副詞however及possibly 為插入語。
參考譯文：然而，這些費用通常包括租賃一間小小的辦公室和辦公用品的支出，或許還要包括秘書的工資。
要點：本句中，that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句共有三個，have never seen……，是一個省去了引導(dǎo)詞that及主語you的賓語從句；過去分詞worn or put on作賓語coat的補語。
參考譯文：他肯定以為，你一直居住在熱帶從來沒有見過穿在身上的外衣或怎樣穿外衣，故而他要告訴你如何穿外衣。
Exercise
The intentional termination of life of one human being by another - mercy killing（安樂死）- is contrary to that for which the medical profession stands and is contrary to the policy of the American Medical Association.
Put them all together,exalt（提高）them above their present imperfections,add to them the vision of humankind redeemed,forever free of need and strife（爭議）and you have a future lighted with the radiant colors of hope.
More than three million people live in inner London,and nearly five million people live in the surrounding suburban area,which is made up of formerly separate villages that have merged to form what is now called outer London.
要點分析和參考譯文
要點：句子主干有兩個并列的謂語部分，即“is contrary to……and is contrary to……?！?詞組mercy killing 是對前面內(nèi)容的概括。for which the medical profession stands 是“that”的定語從句。
參考譯文：有意識的結(jié)束一個人的生命——安樂死——既違反了醫(yī)學(xué)界的職業(yè)立場，也違反了美國醫(yī)學(xué)會協(xié)會的宗旨。
要點：此句的主干是一個由and 連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。第一部分有幾個并列祈使句組成，第二部分是一個完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，全句主干即Put…exalt…，forever free … strife and you have a future…colors of hope。由于第一部分并列祈使句較長而第二部分較短，而且連接兩部分的and前面有存在著另外一個and（need and strife）從而致使句子的結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，不易看出主干的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。
參考譯文：把這一切集合起來，加以提高，使之超越現(xiàn)存的缺點，再加上人類得到拯救的憧憬，永遠無求無爭，那么你將有一個閃耀著希望的絢麗多彩的未來。
要點：全句為并列復(fù)合句。 “and”連接并列句。第二個句子是主從復(fù)合句?！皐hich”引出非限制性定語從句，修飾“area”?！皌hat ” 引出限制性定語從句，修飾 “villages”。“what” 引出名詞從句作“form”的賓語。
參考譯文：三百多萬人口居住在倫敦市區(qū)，將近五百多萬人口居住在周圍的郊區(qū)——這些郊區(qū)由原來分散的村莊構(gòu)成，逐步形成如今被稱為的外倫敦。
Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals,and in doing so ensured their survival,by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.
These expenses,however,usually involve the rent of a small office,expenses for stationary,and possibly,the salary of a secretary.
He must assume that you have lived in the tropics,have never seen a coat worn or put on,and that he is to tell you verbally how to do it.
要點分析和參考譯文
要點：此句為一個多層次的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，“by” 以前的部分為句子的主體部分，由“and”連接的兩個并列的分句組成。第二個分句的主語和一部分謂語省略了以避免重復(fù)。In doing so可以理解為in the process of distinguished themselves from other animals。第二個分局的完整句子應(yīng)為and in doing so （they have）ensured their survival.By 所引導(dǎo)的短語里ability帶了多個動詞不定式做修飾，這些不定式又存在著一個并列的結(jié)構(gòu)，to observe and （to）understand與either……or引導(dǎo)的to adapt to……，to control and（to） adapt it……得并列，and連接。
參考譯文：人類已把自己和其他動物區(qū)別開了。人類具有觀察和了解周圍環(huán)境的能力，能適應(yīng)環(huán)境，控制環(huán)境和根據(jù)自己的需要改造環(huán)境。人類就是這樣生存了下來。
要點：在謂語動詞involve 后面是由三個平行的名詞短語構(gòu)成的賓語：he rent of a small office，expenses for stationary，the salary of a secretary。副詞however及possibly 為插入語。
參考譯文：然而，這些費用通常包括租賃一間小小的辦公室和辦公用品的支出，或許還要包括秘書的工資。
要點：本句中，that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句共有三個，have never seen……，是一個省去了引導(dǎo)詞that及主語you的賓語從句；過去分詞worn or put on作賓語coat的補語。
參考譯文：他肯定以為，你一直居住在熱帶從來沒有見過穿在身上的外衣或怎樣穿外衣，故而他要告訴你如何穿外衣。
Exercise
The intentional termination of life of one human being by another - mercy killing（安樂死）- is contrary to that for which the medical profession stands and is contrary to the policy of the American Medical Association.
Put them all together,exalt（提高）them above their present imperfections,add to them the vision of humankind redeemed,forever free of need and strife（爭議）and you have a future lighted with the radiant colors of hope.
More than three million people live in inner London,and nearly five million people live in the surrounding suburban area,which is made up of formerly separate villages that have merged to form what is now called outer London.
要點分析和參考譯文
要點：句子主干有兩個并列的謂語部分，即“is contrary to……and is contrary to……?！?詞組mercy killing 是對前面內(nèi)容的概括。for which the medical profession stands 是“that”的定語從句。
參考譯文：有意識的結(jié)束一個人的生命——安樂死——既違反了醫(yī)學(xué)界的職業(yè)立場，也違反了美國醫(yī)學(xué)會協(xié)會的宗旨。
要點：此句的主干是一個由and 連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。第一部分有幾個并列祈使句組成，第二部分是一個完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，全句主干即Put…exalt…，forever free … strife and you have a future…colors of hope。由于第一部分并列祈使句較長而第二部分較短，而且連接兩部分的and前面有存在著另外一個and（need and strife）從而致使句子的結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，不易看出主干的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。
參考譯文：把這一切集合起來，加以提高，使之超越現(xiàn)存的缺點，再加上人類得到拯救的憧憬，永遠無求無爭，那么你將有一個閃耀著希望的絢麗多彩的未來。
要點：全句為并列復(fù)合句。 “and”連接并列句。第二個句子是主從復(fù)合句?！皐hich”引出非限制性定語從句，修飾“area”?！皌hat ” 引出限制性定語從句，修飾 “villages”。“what” 引出名詞從句作“form”的賓語。
參考譯文：三百多萬人口居住在倫敦市區(qū)，將近五百多萬人口居住在周圍的郊區(qū)——這些郊區(qū)由原來分散的村莊構(gòu)成，逐步形成如今被稱為的外倫敦。